CN103929026B - Magneto - Google Patents
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- CN103929026B CN103929026B CN201310016844.0A CN201310016844A CN103929026B CN 103929026 B CN103929026 B CN 103929026B CN 201310016844 A CN201310016844 A CN 201310016844A CN 103929026 B CN103929026 B CN 103929026B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of magneto, magneto comprises: internal rotor, comprises internal rotor iron core; Stator, arrange around internal rotor and also and between internal rotor have gap, stator is included in circumferencial direction and is arranged at intervals with the stator core of multiple stator slot and multiple tooth and is placed in the stator winding of stator slot; External rotor, external rotor and internal rotor are coaxially arranged and with identical speed rotating Vortex, external rotor arrange around stator and and between stator, there is gap, internal rotor iron core is provided with multiple first magnetic pole grooves that the radial direction along internal rotor is set up in parallel.The comparatively large and problem that electric efficiency is low of the motor drive current that present invention efficiently solves magneto in prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is specifically related to a kind of magneto.
Background technology
It is little that dual rotor permanent magnetic motor has axial dimension compared with conventional motors, the feature performance benefits such as power density is high, torque/mass ratio is large, low cruise is steady, be widely applied, but the permanent magnet of magneto mostly adopts surface-mount type structure in prior art, namely permanent magnet is all arranged on rotor towards on the surface of stator, but the utilization that the magneto of prior art does not increase reluctance torque causes motor drive current comparatively large and electric efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of magneto, the comparatively large and problem that electric efficiency is low with the motor drive current solving magneto in prior art.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of magneto, comprising: internal rotor, comprise internal rotor iron core; Stator, arrange around internal rotor and also and between internal rotor have gap, stator is included in circumferencial direction and is arranged at intervals with the stator core of multiple stator slot and multiple tooth and is placed in the stator winding of stator slot; External rotor, external rotor and internal rotor are coaxially arranged and with identical speed rotating Vortex, external rotor arrange around stator and and between stator, there is gap, internal rotor iron core is provided with multiple first magnetic pole grooves that the radial direction along internal rotor is set up in parallel.
Further, external rotor comprises outer rotor iron core, the inner surface of outer rotor iron core is provided with the second permanent magnet, and the angle between the first pole center line of internal rotor and the second pole center line of corresponding external rotor is between 20 ° to 45 °.
Further, external rotor comprises outer rotor iron core, outer rotor iron core inside is provided with along the radial direction of external rotor multilayer second magnetic pole groove spaced apart, outer rotor iron core is provided with many groups the second magnetic pole unit, often organize the second magnetic pole unit and comprise the second permanent magnet be separately positioned in the second magnetic pole groove, the axis superposition magnetic line of force often organizing multiple second permanent magnets in the second magnetic pole unit points to consistent common formation magnetic pole N or S, has the first angle between the first pole center line of internal rotor and the second pole center line of corresponding external rotor.
Further, internal rotor iron core is provided with many groups the first magnetic pole unit, often organize the first magnetic pole unit and comprise multiple first permanent magnet, multiple first permanent magnet is separately positioned in the first different magnetic pole grooves, the axis superposition magnetic line of force often organizing the first permanent magnet of the first magnetic pole unit points to consistent common formation magnetic pole N or S, and external rotor is oppositely arranged with identical magnetic pole and internal rotor.
Further, stator core is loop configuration, stator slot comprises the first groove and the second groove, tooth comprises the first tooth and the second tooth, first groove and the first tooth are disposed on the inwall of stator core along the circumferencial direction of stator, second groove and the second tooth are disposed on the outer wall of stator core along the circumferencial direction of stator, the center line of the first tooth and have the second angle with between the center line of adjacent the second corresponding tooth of the first tooth.
Further, the number ratio of the first groove and the second groove is 1:2.
Further, the inside of internal rotor iron core is provided with multiple magnetic flux stop part, and multiple magnetic flux stop part is separately positioned in the first magnetic pole groove, and magnetic flux stop part is every magnetizing mediums, and internal rotor iron core is magnetic conductive media.
Further, magnetic flux stop part is corresponding with external rotor magnetic poles, has the 3rd angle between the center line of magnetic flux stop part and the second pole center line of corresponding external rotor magnetic poles.
Further, the 3rd angle is between 40 ° to 50 °.
Further, stator core is made up of multiple stator piece successively clamping, splicing gap between multiple stator piece is positioned in the middle of the tooth of stator, defines iron core yoke part between the first tooth of stator core both sides and the second tooth, and the iron core yoke part place that is positioned at of each stator piece carries out coiling.
Apply technical scheme of the present invention, magneto comprises: internal rotor, comprises internal rotor iron core; Stator, arrange around internal rotor and also and between internal rotor have gap, stator is included in circumferencial direction and is arranged at intervals with the stator core of multiple stator slot and multiple tooth and is placed in the stator winding of stator slot; External rotor, external rotor and internal rotor are coaxially arranged and with identical speed rotating Vortex, external rotor arrange around stator and and between stator, there is gap, internal rotor iron core is provided with multiple first magnetic pole grooves that the radial direction along internal rotor is set up in parallel.Internal rotor have multilayer first magnetic pole groove structure and same tangential in same polarity distribute, magnetic pole N and S forming internal rotor is alternately distributed, cause the magnetic circuit of internal rotor asymmetric because multiple first magnetic pole groove is set up in parallel along the radial direction of internal rotor, create reluctance torque, the increase that reluctance torque utilizes is conducive to reducing motor drive current, reduce the loss of electric machine, improve the whole efficiency of motor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The Figure of description forming a application's part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the first embodiment of magneto of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of the internal rotor of the magneto of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 shows the distribution schematic diagram of the pole center line of the magneto of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 shows the structural representation of the stator of the magneto of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 shows the distribution schematic diagram of the tooth center line of the stator of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 shows the structural representation of the stator piece of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 shows the outer-rotor structure schematic diagram of the magneto of the second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 shows the distribution schematic diagram of the pole center line of the inner and outer Rotator of the magneto of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 shows the inner rotor core schematic diagram of the 3rd embodiment of magneto of the present invention;
Figure 10 shows the distribution schematic diagram of the pole center line of the external rotor of the magneto of Fig. 9 and the magnetic flux stop part center line of internal rotor;
Figure 11 shows the drive current of the magneto of the first embodiment and the contrast schematic diagram of prior art;
Figure 12 shows α angle in the first embodiment of magneto affects schematic diagram to motor synthesis electromagnetic torque;
Figure 13 shows β angle in the 3rd embodiment of magneto affects schematic diagram to motor synthesis electromagnetic torque;
Figure 14 shows γ angle in the first embodiment of magneto affects schematic diagram to motor cogging torque;
Figure 15 shows θ angle in the second embodiment of magneto affects schematic diagram to motor cogging torque.
Embodiment
It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combine mutually.Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and describe the present invention in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
The invention provides the first embodiment of magneto, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the magneto of the present embodiment comprises internal rotor 10, stator 20 and external rotor 30, internal rotor 10 comprises internal rotor iron core 11, stator 20 is arranged around internal rotor 10 also and between internal rotor 10 has gap, stator 20 is included in circumferencial direction and is arranged at intervals with the stator core 21 of multiple stator slot 22 and multiple tooth 23 and is placed in the stator winding 24 of groove, external rotor 30 and internal rotor 10 be coaxial to be arranged and with identical speed rotating Vortex, external rotor 30 is arranged around stator 20 also and between stator 20 has gap, internal rotor iron core 11 is provided with multiple first magnetic pole grooves 13 that the radial direction along internal rotor 10 is set up in parallel.
Internal rotor 10 have multilayer first magnetic pole groove 13 structure and same tangential in same polarity distribute, form the magnetic pole of internal rotor as shown in Figure 2, magnetic pole N and S is alternately distributed, cause the magnetic circuit of internal rotor asymmetric because multiple first magnetic pole groove is set up in parallel along the radial direction of internal rotor 10, form d axle and q axle inductance unequal, create reluctance torque, the increase that reluctance torque utilizes is conducive to minimizing motor drive current, reduce the loss of electric machine, improve the whole efficiency of motor.Figure 11 describes the magneto A of prior art and the magneto B of the present embodiment in same Driving Torque situation, the contrast of motor drive current size, can obviously find out from Figure 11, magneto motor drive current in same Driving Torque situation of the present embodiment is less than prior art.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, external rotor 30 in the present embodiment comprises outer rotor iron core 31, the inner surface of outer rotor iron core 31 is provided with the second permanent magnet 32 being alternately distributed magnetic pole N and S, angle α between first pole center line 14 of internal rotor 10 and the second pole center line 34 of corresponding external rotor is between 20 ° to 45 °, and the pole center line of external rotor leads over internal rotor pole center line in rotor direction of rotation.It should be noted that, all angles related in the application are electric angle, and electric angle=mechanical angle X motor number of pole-pairs, electric angle equals mechanical angle and is multiplied by motor number of pole-pairs.
Figure 12 describes external rotor magnetic poles center line in rotor direction of rotation, forms the impact of motor being synthesized to electromagnetic torque in α angle with inboard rotor pole center line, as can be seen from the figure, certain angle that staggered by the pole center line of inner and outer rotors can make motor under identical electric current, obtain larger synthesis electromagnetic torque, and the pole center line of outside rotors is when the angle of the leading inboard rotor of rotor direction of rotation 20 ° to 45 °, namely, when angle α is between 20 ° to 45 °, under identical electric current, motor synthesis electromagnetic torque effective value is maximum.
Internal rotor iron core is provided with many groups the first magnetic pole unit, often organize the first magnetic pole unit and comprise multiple first permanent magnet 12, multiple first permanent magnet 12 is separately positioned in the first different magnetic pole grooves 13, the axis superposition magnetic line of force often organizing the first permanent magnet 12 of the first magnetic pole unit points to consistent common formation magnetic pole N or S, and external rotor 30 is oppositely arranged with identical N or S polarity and internal rotor 10.By inner and outer rotors is oppositely arranged with identical polarity, motor can be made to compare opposed polarity and to be oppositely arranged, under identical electric current, produce larger torque, thus reduce the winding loss of motor, add electric efficiency.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, stator core 21 is loop configuration, stator slot 22 comprises the first groove 221 and the second groove 222, tooth 23 comprises the first tooth 231 and the second tooth 232, first groove 221 and the first tooth 231 are disposed on the inwall of stator core 21 along the circumferencial direction of stator, second groove 222 and the second tooth 232 are disposed on the outer wall of stator core 21 along the circumferencial direction of stator, the center line of the first tooth 231 and have the second angle γ with between the center line of adjacent the second corresponding tooth 232 of the first tooth 231.In manufacture craft, by cutting out the first groove 221 and the second groove 222 to form the first tooth and the second tooth on stator core 21, making the first tooth adjacent with the first groove and setting spaced apart, making the second tooth adjacent with the second groove and setting spaced apart.The impact that the angle of the first tooth center line and the second tooth center line that Figure 14 illustrates stator is pulsed on motor cogging torque, as can be seen from Figure 14, γ ' is the motor cogging torque fluctuation amplitude of motor in the prior art of 0 degree, and motor cogging torque fluctuation amplitude reduces along with the existence of γ angle, in the adjustable extent of the second angle γ, there is optimum angle γ 1 makes cogging torque pulsation reach minimum value, and optimum angle γ 1 changes with the change of motor slot number cooperation value.
The number ratio of the first groove 221 and the second groove 222 is 1:2.It is larger that outer wall due to stator compares inner wall space, effectively can reduce the cogging torque pulsation of external rotor by arranging more groove at outer wall.
Stator core 21 is made up of multiple stator piece successively clamping, splicing gap between multiple stator piece is positioned in the middle of the tooth of stator, define iron core yoke part between first tooth of stator core 21 both sides and the second tooth, each stator piece is positioned at iron core yoke part place and carries out coiling.Stator core 21 is made up of multiple stator piece 111 successively clamping.The yoke portion of stator core is defined between first tooth of stator core 21 both sides and the second tooth, stator core adopts splicing construction, splicing gap is positioned in the middle of the tooth of stator, each stator piece is separately in the coiling of yoke portion, each stator piece is positioned at place of yoke portion and carries out coiling, as shown in Figure 6, stator core is spliced into ring by stator piece 111 and forms, the shape of stator piece determines according to concrete stator core shape, and buckle structure is set in the yoke portion of stator core, clamping can forms stator core successively like this.By the effective rate of utilization adopting said method effectively can improve motor electromagnetic steel plate materials, and improve the speed of stator winding, decrease the production time.
Present invention also offers the second embodiment of magneto, specifically see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the magneto of the present embodiment comprises internal rotor, stator and external rotor 30, the structure of the magneto of the present embodiment and annexation are basic identical with the magneto of the first embodiment, and difference is only, outer rotor iron core 31 inside is provided with along the radial direction of external rotor 30 multilayer second magnetic pole groove 33 spaced apart, outer rotor iron core 31 is provided with many groups the second magnetic pole unit, often organize the second magnetic pole unit and comprise the second permanent magnet 32 be separately positioned in the second different magnetic pole grooves 33, the axis superposition magnetic line of force often organizing multiple second permanent magnets 32 in the second magnetic pole unit points to consistent common formation magnetic pole N or S, between first pole center line 14 of internal rotor 10 and the second pole center line 34 of corresponding external rotor, there is the first angle theta.The external rotor of the present embodiment and internal rotor all adopt the structure of multilayer permanent magnet, and internal rotor and external rotor are coaxially arranged, and the internal rotor magnetic pole that the first tooth of stator is relative with the second tooth is identical with external rotor magnetic poles polarity.
What Figure 15 illustrated that the pole center wire clamp angle of inner and outer Rotator pulses on motor cogging torque affects schematic diagram, as can be seen from Figure 15, θ ' is the motor cogging torque fluctuation amplitude of motor in the prior art of 0 degree, motor cogging torque fluctuation amplitude exists along with pole center line angle theta and reduces, in angle theta adjustable extent, there is optimum angle theta 1 makes cogging torque pulsation reach minimum value, and optimum angle theta 1 changes with the change of motor slot number cooperation value.The technique effect of the magneto of the second embodiment is substantially identical with the magneto of the first embodiment.
Present invention also offers the 3rd embodiment of magneto, specifically see shown in Fig. 9 and Figure 10, the magneto of the present embodiment comprises internal rotor 10, stator and external rotor 30, the structure of the magneto of the present embodiment and annexation are basic identical with the magneto of the first embodiment, and difference is only, the inside of internal rotor iron core 11 is provided with multiple magnetic flux stop part 15, multiple magnetic flux stop part 15 is separately positioned in the first magnetic pole groove 13, magnetic flux stop part 15 is every magnetizing mediums, and internal rotor iron core is magnetic conductive media.
Internal rotor 10 has multilayer magnetic flux stop part structure, be air or other not magnetic conductive medias in magnetic flux stop part, when stator winding electrifying, magnetic field magnetic line mainly flows into from internal rotor iron core or flows out, cause the magnetic circuit of the magnetic flux stop part of internal rotor and internal rotor iron core asymmetric, produce reluctance torque, and with external rotor synchronous rotary; The permanent magnetism body surface of the external rotor 30 of the present embodiment sticks at the inner surface of outer rotor iron core.
Magnetic flux stop part 15 is corresponding with external rotor magnetic poles, between the center line of magnetic flux stop part 15 and the second pole center line 34 of corresponding external rotor magnetic poles, there is the 3rd angle β, as Figure 13 can find out, the magnetic flux stop part center line of internal rotor led over by the pole center line of external rotor in rotor direction of rotation, when the pole center line of external rotor forms β angle between rotor direction of rotation and the magnetic flux stop part center line of internal rotor, β angle is not 0 motor can be made under identical electric current to obtain larger electromagnetic torque.And as can be seen from Figure 13, when β is when 40 ° to 50 ° of angles, motor synthesis electromagnetic torque effective value is maximum.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a magneto, comprising:
Internal rotor (10), comprises internal rotor iron core (11);
Stator (20), around described internal rotor (10) arrange and and between described internal rotor (10), there is gap, described stator (20) is included in circumferencial direction and is arranged at intervals with the stator core (21) of multiple stator slot (22) and multiple tooth (23) and is placed in the stator winding (24) of described stator slot (22);
External rotor (30), described external rotor (30) and described internal rotor (10) be coaxial to be arranged and with identical speed rotating Vortex, described external rotor (30) arranges around described stator (20) and and has gap between described stator (20)
It is characterized in that, described internal rotor iron core (11) is provided with multiple first magnetic pole grooves (13) that the radial direction along described internal rotor (10) is set up in parallel, described internal rotor iron core (11) is provided with many groups the first magnetic pole unit, often organize described first magnetic pole unit and comprise multiple first permanent magnet (12), multiple described first permanent magnet (12) is separately positioned in different described first magnetic pole grooves (13), the axis superposition magnetic line of force often organizing first permanent magnet (12) of described first magnetic pole unit points to consistent common formation magnetic pole N or S,
Described external rotor (30) comprises outer rotor iron core (31), the inner surface of described outer rotor iron core (31) is provided with the second permanent magnet (32), angle between first pole center line (14) of described internal rotor (10) and the second pole center line (34) of corresponding described external rotor (30) is between 20 ° to 45 °, and the first pole center line of internal rotor led over by the second pole center line of external rotor in rotor direction of rotation.
2. a magneto, comprising:
Internal rotor (10), comprises internal rotor iron core (11);
Stator (20), around described internal rotor (10) arrange and and between described internal rotor (10), there is gap, described stator (20) is included in circumferencial direction and is arranged at intervals with the stator core (21) of multiple stator slot (22) and multiple tooth (23) and is placed in the stator winding (24) of described stator slot (22);
External rotor (30), described external rotor (30) and described internal rotor (10) be coaxial to be arranged and with identical speed rotating Vortex, described external rotor (30) arranges around described stator (20) and and has gap between described stator (20)
It is characterized in that, described internal rotor iron core (11) is provided with multiple first magnetic pole grooves (13) that the radial direction along described internal rotor (10) is set up in parallel, described internal rotor iron core (11) is provided with many groups the first magnetic pole unit, often organize described first magnetic pole unit and comprise multiple first permanent magnet (12), multiple described first permanent magnet (12) is separately positioned in different described first magnetic pole grooves (13), the axis superposition magnetic line of force often organizing first permanent magnet (12) of described first magnetic pole unit points to consistent common formation magnetic pole N or S,
Described external rotor (30) comprises outer rotor iron core (31), described outer rotor iron core (31) inside is provided with along the radial direction of described external rotor (30) multilayer second magnetic pole groove (33) spaced apart, described outer rotor iron core (31) is provided with many groups the second magnetic pole unit, often organize described second magnetic pole unit and comprise the second permanent magnet (32) be separately positioned in described second magnetic pole groove (33), the axis superposition magnetic line of force often organizing multiple described second permanent magnet (32) in described second magnetic pole unit points to consistent common formation magnetic pole N or S, between first pole center line (14) of described internal rotor (10) and the second pole center line (34) of corresponding described external rotor, there is the first angle (θ), and the first pole center line of internal rotor led over by the second pole center line of external rotor in rotor direction of rotation.
3. magneto according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described external rotor (30) is oppositely arranged with identical magnetic pole and described internal rotor (10).
4. a magneto, comprising:
Internal rotor (10), comprises internal rotor iron core (11);
Stator (20), around described internal rotor (10) arrange and and between described internal rotor (10), there is gap, described stator (20) is included in circumferencial direction and is arranged at intervals with the stator core (21) of multiple stator slot (22) and multiple tooth (23) and is placed in the stator winding (24) of described stator slot (22);
External rotor (30), described external rotor (30) and described internal rotor (10) be coaxial to be arranged and with identical speed rotating Vortex, described external rotor (30) arranges around described stator (20) and and has gap between described stator (20)
It is characterized in that, described internal rotor iron core (11) is provided with multiple first magnetic pole grooves (13) that the radial direction along described internal rotor (10) is set up in parallel, the inside of described internal rotor iron core (11) is provided with multiple magnetic flux stop part (15), multiple described magnetic flux stop part (15) is separately positioned in described first magnetic pole groove (13), described magnetic flux stop part (15) is every magnetizing mediums, described internal rotor iron core (11) is magnetic conductive media, described magnetic flux stop part (15) is corresponding with the magnetic pole of described external rotor, between the center line of described magnetic flux stop part (15) and the second pole center line (34) of corresponding described external rotor magnetic poles, there is the 3rd angle (β), and the center line of the magnetic flux stop part of internal rotor led over by the second pole center line of external rotor in rotor direction of rotation.
5. magneto according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described 3rd angle (β) is between 40 ° to 50 °.
6. the magneto according to claim 1 or 2 or 4, it is characterized in that, described stator core (21) is loop configuration, described stator slot (22) comprises the first groove (221) and the second groove (222), described tooth (23) comprises the first tooth (231) and the second tooth (232), described first groove (221) and described first tooth (231) are disposed on the inwall of described stator core (21) along the circumferencial direction of described stator, described second groove (222) and the second tooth (232) are disposed on the outer wall of described stator core (21) along the circumferencial direction of described stator (20), between the center line of described first tooth (231) and the center line of corresponding described second tooth (232) adjacent with described first tooth (231), there is the second angle (γ).
7. magneto according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described first groove (221) is 1:2 with the number ratio of described second groove (222).
8. magneto according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described stator core (21) is made up of multiple stator piece successively clamping, splicing gap between multiple described stator piece is positioned in the middle of the tooth (23) of described stator, define iron core yoke part between described first tooth of described stator core (21) both sides and described second tooth, each described stator piece carries out coiling at described iron core yoke part place.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310016844.0A CN103929026B (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Magneto |
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| CN201310016844.0A CN103929026B (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Magneto |
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| CN103929026A CN103929026A (en) | 2014-07-16 |
| CN103929026B true CN103929026B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP6555019B2 (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2019-08-07 | スズキ株式会社 | Rotating electric machine |
| CN112470365A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2021-03-09 | 马威动力控制技术有限公司 | Rotor for an electric machine and electric machine comprising said rotor |
| CN109904944A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-06-18 | 苏州保邦电气有限公司 | High speed permanent motor stator punching |
| CN109861477B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2023-12-05 | 沈阳工业大学 | Permanent magnet/reluctance double-rotor low-speed high-torque synchronous motor and control system thereof |
| CN109742916A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-10 | 郑州大学 | A kind of permanent magnetism list stator and double-rotor disc type electric machine weakening cogging torque |
| CN110601481B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2024-06-21 | 山东大学 | Birotor permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor and configuration method |
| CN111030404B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2022-03-08 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | Motor and control method thereof |
| US11923733B2 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2024-03-05 | Quantentech Limited | High efficiency high density motor and generator with multiple airgaps |
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| CN2722495Y (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2005-08-31 | 沈阳工业大学 | Inductive motor with external and internal rotors |
| CN101098099A (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-02 | 通用电气公司 | Electrical machine with improved winding |
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