CN103926274A - Infrared thermal wave radar imaging nondestructive testing method and system for defects of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plywood - Google Patents

Infrared thermal wave radar imaging nondestructive testing method and system for defects of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plywood Download PDF

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CN103926274A
CN103926274A CN201410162717.6A CN201410162717A CN103926274A CN 103926274 A CN103926274 A CN 103926274A CN 201410162717 A CN201410162717 A CN 201410162717A CN 103926274 A CN103926274 A CN 103926274A
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wave radar
laser
focal plane
signal
thermal wave
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CN103926274B (en
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刘俊岩
龚金龙
王扬
秦雷
宋鹏
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an infrared thermal wave radar imaging nondestructive testing method and an infrared thermal wave radar imaging nondestructive testing system for defects of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plywood. The method comprises the following steps: adjusting space positions of a laser light source beam expanding and shaping device and a to-be-tested sample, so that the laser evenly irradiates the surface of the sample; controlling a data collection card to generate a linear frequency modulation pulse signal; driving a laser powder driver, so that the power of an optical fiber laser device changes according to the law of the linear frequency modulation pulse signal; collecting a thermal wave radar signal on the surface of the to-be-tested CFRP sample; processing the collected surface thermal wave radar signal; extracting time and frequency domain feature information of the thermal wave radar signal; extracting characteristic parameter of internal defects of the sample by treatment and analysis of the characteristic information images, so as to achieve nondestructive testing of the internal defects and damages of the sample. The system comprises an optical fiber laser device, a laser power driver, a data collection card, a laser light source beam expanding and shaping device, a focal plane infrared thermal imager and a computer. By adopting the method and the system, the defects of the CFRP plywood are quickly and accurately detected.

Description

A kind of infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method and system of CFRP laminate defect
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and system that utilizes active infra-red thermal wave detection means to realize the Non-Destructive Testing of CFRP laminate defect, related in particular to a kind of infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method and system.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of material science and industrial detection technology, Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement has become one of necessary means ensureing product quality.Carbon fibre reinforced composite (CarbonFiberReinforcedPolymer/Plastic, CFRP) is a kind of new material growing up nearly decades, is widely used in the fields such as Aero-Space, automobile, shipping industry.Carbon fibre reinforced composite easily produces number of drawbacks and damage in moulding and use procedure, and the conventional Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of CFRP laminate defect mainly contains ray detection (RT), Ultrasonic Detection (UT) and electromagnetic detection (ET) at present.Ray detection (RT) is not subject to the restriction of material and geometric configuration, more responsive to pore, slag inclusion equal-volume type defect, but the equipment investment of ray detection is larger, be difficult for the crackle in discovery and ray vertical direction, installation and secure context have strict requirement, be unsuitable for on-the-spot in situ detection, sense cycle is long, and testing cost is higher.(UT) is more responsive to defect in ultrasound examination, and detection speed is fast, location is convenient, but is difficult to detect for little and thin complex parts, needs couplant to be coupled, and complex-shaped structure is difficult to detect, and detection speed is slow, and the cycle is long.Electromagnetic detection (ET) is only for surface and near surface flaw detection, for the part geometry shape edge effect sensitivity causing of suddenling change, easily provides false demonstration.These methods have his own strong points, and also respectively have its limitation.Active infra-red heat wave Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement has fast, noncontact, need not coupling, the advantage such as large area and remote detection, can realize component damage or depth of defect, various coating and the thickness measure of sandwich construction covering and internal material and architectural characteristic identification, be applicable to detect metal and nonmetallic materials, be not subject to the restriction of any material behavior.Infrared phase locking technique heat wave Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement is one of current most widely used infrared thermal wave NDT technology, this technology can overcome the shortcomings such as heating is uneven, detection speed is slow, but while adopting the defect of the inner different depth of this technology for detection CFRP, need to select appropriate modulation frequency, otherwise will there will be the undetected of inherent vice.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method and system, adopt chirp pulse signal to modulate heat source, the defect that has overcome phase locking technique thermal wave detection technology, can realize the detection accurately and reliably to CFRP inside different depth defect.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method, comprises the following steps:
S1, adjustment LASER Light Source expand the locus of apparatus for shaping and tested exemplar, make laser uniform irradiation to specimen surface, utilize BNC data line that the analog output channel port of data collecting card is connected with the modulated-analog signal input port of laser power driver, produce chirp pulse signal by Computercontrolled data acquisition card, driving laser analog line driver, makes the power of fiber laser change according to chirp pulse signal rule;
S2, utilize Ethernet data line that computing machine is connected with focal plane thermal infrared imager, utilize the trigger pip input port of BNC data line connection data capture card pulse signal output end mouth and focal plane thermal infrared imager, open laser instrument, by computing machine, to focal plane thermal infrared imager, operation triggers control, gather the heat wave radar signal of tested CFRP specimen surface, record at least 2 ~ 3 cycles, in order intactly to collect the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal, focal plane thermal infrared imager sample frequency should be set to 5 ~ 10 times of linear FM signal highest frequency, the view data collecting is stored under computing machine respective directories,
S3, to gather surperficial heat wave radar signal process, extract the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal, utilize time and frequency domain characteristics information to set up the characteristic image that characterizes CFRP interior layer board defect, logical processing and analysis to characteristic information image, extract the characteristic parameter of exemplar inherent vice, realize the Non-Destructive Testing fast and accurately to exemplar inherent vice and damage.
More specifically, above-described a kind of CFRP laminate defect infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method, in described step S1, LASER Light Source parallel beam expand device is adjusted the angle of incident ray and exemplar region surface outer normal to be checked by adjusting pole, its maximum angle should be less than 60 °, and the modulation system of fiber laser can be set to external analog modulation system or outside TTL modulation system.
More specifically, above-described a kind of CFRP laminate defect infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method, in described step S2, realize the setting of integral time and sample frequency by the triggering control of focal plane thermal infrared imager, the trigger collection pattern of focal plane thermal infrared imager can be set to external trigger or internal trigger, in the time being set to external trigger mode, the image acquisition action of focal plane thermal infrared imager will be triggered by the pulse signal of trigger pip input port, in the time being set to internal trigger pattern, the sampling frame frequency of focal plane thermal infrared imager is by the inside sampling clock control by focal plane thermal infrared imager.
More specifically, above-described a kind of CFRP laminate defect infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method, in described step S3, adopt related algorithm (algorithms most in use that signal procesing in time domain is analyzed), Hilbert transform algorithm and fourier transform algorithm to extract the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal, utilize time and frequency domain characteristics image, realize the Non-Destructive Testing fast and accurately to exemplar inherent vice and damage.
A kind of infrared thermal wave radar imagery nondestructive detection system, comprises that fiber laser, laser power driver, data collecting card, LASER Light Source expand apparatus for shaping, focal plane thermal infrared imager and computing machine, wherein:
Described fiber laser and laser power driver detect with thinking the thermal source that provides stable;
Described data collecting card, in order to realize output and the collection of simulating signal, has programmable function interface, can produce focal plane thermal infrared imager and gather the required pulse triggering signal of image;
Described LASER Light Source expands apparatus for shaping in order to the laser beam of fiber laser output is collimated, to be expanded and shaping, and laser beam expanding apparatus for shaping of the present invention is to detect and need to be assembled successively by collimating mirror, engineering diffuser, sleeve pipe and adapter ring according to hot broadcast radar imagery;
Described focal plane thermal infrared imager is in order to gather the surperficial thermal map of tested sample;
Described computing machine is by controlling output and the collection of data acquisition card signal, control focal plane thermal infrared imager and gather tested sample surface heat wave radar signal, extract the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal, and form characteristic image, determine the information such as shape, size and position of defect;
Described LASER Light Source parallel beam expand device is connected with fiber laser, fiber laser is connected with laser power driver, the analog output channel port of data collecting card is connected with the modulated-analog signal input port of laser power driver, data collecting card pulse signal output end mouth is connected with the trigger pip input port of focal plane thermal infrared imager, and computing machine is connected with data collecting card and focal plane thermal infrared imager respectively.
In the present invention, adopt focal plane thermal infrared imager pixel 320 × 256, heat sensitivity 20mK, the maximum sample frequency of full width is 170Hz.
In the present invention, adopt optical semiconductor fibre laser as excitation thermal source, optical maser wavelength 808nm, peak power 50W, maximum modulating frequency is 100kHz.
In the present invention, adopt data collecting card to produce modulated-analog signal, high sampling rate is 250 kS/s.
In the present invention, adopt collimating mirror to collimate to laser beam, after collimation, beam diameter is 7.5mm, adopts the light beam after engineering diffuser collimation to carry out shaping, and after shaping, beam divergence angle is 20 °.
In the present invention, adopt focal plane thermal infrared imager to complete the collection of heat wave radar signal, adopt related algorithm, Hilbert transform algorithm and fourier transform algorithm to realize the extraction of heat wave radar signal time and frequency domain characteristics, and form characteristic image, by processing and analysis to characteristic image, realize the Non-Destructive Testing of exemplar inherent vice on this basis.
The present invention is by processing the infrared image sequence of focal plane thermal infrared imager collection, realize infrared thermal wave radar imagery Non-Destructive Testing, infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method is a kind of method of utilizing digital signal processing method to extract surperficial heat wave radar signal characteristic information and analyze, and it combines the strong point of the information processing technology and computer image processing technology.For CFRP interior layer board defect, utilize infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method, multiple characteristic informations of exemplar surface heat wave radar signal that can simultaneously obtain, and carry out identification and the detection of defect, realize to CFRP interior layer board defect fast and Non-Destructive Testing accurately.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is infrared thermal wave radar imagery nondestructive detection system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is laser beam expander schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described; but be not limited to this; every technical solution of the present invention is modified or is equal to replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method is to utilize software processing infrared image sequence to realize the Non-Destructive Testing of exemplar inherent vice.In figure, focal plane thermal infrared imager 18 is connected with the Ethernet interface of computing machine 14, and the initialization and the image that utilize computing machine 14 to complete focal plane thermal infrared imager 18 show.LASER Light Source expands apparatus for shaping 4 Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation is arrived to tested exemplar 1 surface, and data collecting card 11 is connected with laser power driver 15 by signal wire 13, controls fiber laser 6 light intensity and changes according to linear frequency modulation rule.Incident illumination is mapped to tested exemplar 1 surface, produces linear frequency modulation heat wave 2.Record the surperficial heat wave radar signal that tested exemplar 1 surface produces, and extract the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal and form characteristic image, characteristic image is processed and analyzed, extract tested exemplar 1 inherent vice feature, realize the Non-Destructive Testing fast and accurately to tested exemplar 1 inherent vice and damage.
Specific embodiment of the invention comprises three parts: the LASER Light Source excitation of linear frequency modulation rule modulation, focal plane thermal infrared imager gather image sequence and heat wave Radar Signal Processing and characteristic image analysis.
One, the LASER Light Source incentive step of linear frequency modulation rule modulation
step 1: according to Fig. 2, engineering diffuser 19, sleeve pipe 20, collimating mirror 21 are assembled to LASER Light Source successively with adapter ring 22 and expand apparatus for shaping 4, be connected with fiber laser 6 by optical fiber 5 (SMA905), LASER Light Source expands apparatus for shaping 4 and remains in same plane with the camera lens of focal plane thermal infrared imager 18;
step 2: adjustment LASER Light Source expands the incident angle of apparatus for shaping 4, ensures that incident light is irradiated in the region to be checked of tested exemplar 1 as far as possible;
step 3: the analog signal output of data collecting card 11 is connected with the modulated-analog signal input end of laser power driver 15 by signal wire 13, by usb data line 12, data collecting card 11 is connected with computing machine 14;
step 4: fiber laser 6 is connected with laser power driver 15 by the first power lead 7, the semiconductor cooler of fiber laser 6 is connected with laser power driver 15 by second source line 8, open the power switch 10 of laser power driver 15, to swash laser power driver 15 and be set to external analog modulating mode, chirp pulse signal parameter is set, realizes the light intensity that fiber laser 6 sends and change according to chirp rule.
Two, focal plane thermal infrared imager gathers image sequence step
step 1: focal plane thermal infrared imager 18 is connected with the Ethernet interface on computing machine 14 by the first data line 16, focal plane thermal infrared imager 18 is connected with the pulse signal output end mouth on data collecting card 11 by the second data line 17;
step 2: the initialization setting and the Real-time image display that complete focal plane thermal infrared imager 18 by computing machine 14 and data collecting card 11, the focusing lens that regulate focal plane thermal infrared imager 18, ensure that the region to be detected of tested exemplar 1 is high-visible on the screen of computing machine 15;
step 3:open the output switch 9 of laser power driver 15, make the incident intensity of fiber laser 6 encourage tested exemplar 1 to produce surperficial heat wave radar signal 2 by chirp rule;
step 4:the heat wave radar signal 3 tested exemplar 1 region surface to be checked being produced by the image acquisition of focal plane thermal infrared imager 18 is carried out record, record 2 ~ 3 cycles, in order intactly to get the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal, thermal infrared imager 18 sample frequency in focal plane should be set to 5 ~ 10 times of linear FM signal highest frequency, and the view data collecting is stored under computing machine 15 respective directories.
Three, heat wave Radar Signal Processing and characteristic image analytical procedure
step 1:adopt related algorithm, Hilbert transform algorithm and fourier transform algorithm that the heat wave radar signal gathering is processed and analyzed, extract the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal, and form characteristic image;
step 2:by characteristic image is carried out to image processing and analysis, extract the characteristic parameter of tested exemplar 1 inherent vice, realize the Non-Destructive Testing fast and accurately to tested exemplar 1 surveyed area inherent vice and damage.
Four, Non-Destructive Testing example
For the actual detection effect of the method is described, carry out the experiment for non-destructive testing experiment of CFRP exemplar.
The experiment for non-destructive testing experiment of CFRP part: make CFRP simulation lamination defect sample, defect depth capacity is 2mm, and minimum diameter is 4mm.LASER Light Source excitation parameters: power 30W, the original frequency 0.01Hz of linear FM signal, stops frequency 0.1Hz, and the recurrence interval is 100s; The recording parameters of focal plane thermal infrared imager: sample frequency 50Hz, sampling time 200s.
Actual testing result is: the defect shape of the actual detection of CFRP exemplar can be identified accurately, does not occur the undetected phenomenon of defect, and detecting defects depth value and actual value are close, maximum error < 8%.Adopt method of the present invention to realize the Non-Destructive Testing fast and accurately to CFRP exemplar inherent vice and damage.

Claims (10)

1. an infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method, is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
S1, adjustment LASER Light Source expand the locus of apparatus for shaping and tested exemplar, make laser uniform irradiation to specimen surface, utilize BNC data line that the analog output channel port of data collecting card is connected with the modulated-analog signal input port of laser power driver, produce chirp pulse signal by Computercontrolled data acquisition card, driving laser analog line driver, makes the power of fiber laser change according to chirp pulse signal rule;
S2, utilize Ethernet data line that computing machine is connected with focal plane thermal infrared imager, utilize the trigger pip input port of BNC data line connection data capture card pulse signal output end mouth and focal plane thermal infrared imager, open laser instrument, by computing machine, to focal plane thermal infrared imager, operation triggers control, gather the heat wave radar signal of tested CFRP specimen surface, record at least 2 ~ 3 cycles, the view data collecting is stored under computing machine respective directories;
S3, to gather surperficial heat wave radar signal process, extract the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal, utilize time and frequency domain characteristics information to set up the characteristic image that characterizes CFRP interior layer board defect, logical processing and analysis to characteristic information image, extract the characteristic parameter of exemplar inherent vice, realize the Non-Destructive Testing fast and accurately to exemplar inherent vice and damage.
2. infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described LASER Light Source expands apparatus for shaping and adjust by adjusting pole the angle of incident ray and exemplar region surface outer normal to be checked, its maximum angle should be less than 60 °.
3. infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the modulation system of described fiber laser is set to external analog modulation system or outside TTL modulation system.
4. infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described focal plane thermal infrared imager sample frequency is set to 5 ~ 10 times of linear FM signal highest frequency.
5. infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the trigger collection pattern of described focal plane thermal infrared imager is set to external trigger or internal trigger.
6. according to the infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method described in claim 1,4 or 5, the pixel that it is characterized in that described focal plane thermal infrared imager is 320 × 256, and heat sensitivity is 20mK, and the maximum sample frequency of full width is 170Hz.
7. according to the infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method described in claim 1 or 3, the optical maser wavelength that it is characterized in that described fiber laser is 808nm, and peak power is 50W, and maximum modulating frequency is 100kHz.
8. infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the high sampling rate of described data collecting card is 250 kS/s.
9. infrared thermal wave radar imagery lossless detection method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described LASER Light Source expands apparatus for shaping and assembled successively by collimating mirror, engineering diffuser, sleeve pipe and adapter ring; Adopt collimating mirror to collimate to laser beam, after collimation, beam diameter is 7.5mm, adopts the light beam after engineering diffuser collimation to carry out shaping, and after shaping, beam divergence angle is 20 °.
10. an infrared thermal wave radar imagery nondestructive detection system, is characterized in that described system comprises that fiber laser, laser power driver, data collecting card, LASER Light Source expand apparatus for shaping, focal plane thermal infrared imager and computing machine, wherein:
Described fiber laser and laser power driver detect with thinking the thermal source that provides stable;
Described data collecting card, in order to realize output and the collection of simulating signal, has programmable function interface, can produce focal plane thermal infrared imager and gather the required pulse triggering signal of image;
Described LASER Light Source expands apparatus for shaping in order to the laser beam of fiber laser output is collimated, to be expanded and shaping;
Described focal plane thermal infrared imager is in order to gather the surperficial thermal map of tested sample;
Described computing machine, by controlling output and the collection of data acquisition card signal, is controlled focal plane thermal infrared imager and is gathered tested sample surface heat wave radar signal, extracts the time and frequency domain characteristics information of heat wave radar signal, and forms characteristic image, determines defect information.
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