CN103926128A - Frozen earth embankment model production method as well as frozen earth embankment model hot-melt landslide testing device and frozen earth embankment model hot-melt landslide testing method - Google Patents

Frozen earth embankment model production method as well as frozen earth embankment model hot-melt landslide testing device and frozen earth embankment model hot-melt landslide testing method Download PDF

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CN103926128A
CN103926128A CN201410180405.8A CN201410180405A CN103926128A CN 103926128 A CN103926128 A CN 103926128A CN 201410180405 A CN201410180405 A CN 201410180405A CN 103926128 A CN103926128 A CN 103926128A
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frozen soil
transparent
model
embankment model
particle diameter
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CN103926128B (en
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孔纲强
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Hunan City University
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Hunan City University
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Priority claimed from CN201410180405.8A external-priority patent/CN103926128B/en
Priority to CN201410180405.8A priority Critical patent/CN103926128B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/078494 priority patent/WO2015165137A1/en
Priority to GB1517022.8A priority patent/GB2539729B/en
Priority to AU2014378589A priority patent/AU2014378589B2/en
Priority to US14/763,536 priority patent/US9810608B2/en
Priority to AU2014378591A priority patent/AU2014378591B2/en
Priority to US14/763,531 priority patent/US9909958B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/078525 priority patent/WO2015165139A1/en
Priority to GB1517015.2A priority patent/GB2535820B/en
Priority to RU2015144374A priority patent/RU2625231C2/en
Priority to RU2015144375A priority patent/RU2625230C2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/078522 priority patent/WO2015165138A1/en
Priority to RU2015144373A priority patent/RU2620055C1/en
Priority to US14/763,528 priority patent/US9784651B2/en
Priority to AU2014378590A priority patent/AU2014378590B2/en
Priority to GB1517007.9A priority patent/GB2539728B/en
Publication of CN103926128A publication Critical patent/CN103926128A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a visible frozen earth embankment model production method as well as a frozen earth embankment model hot-melt landslide testing device and a frozen earth embankment model hot-melt landslide testing method. The frozen earth embankment model production method adopts a fluorine-containing polymer to prepare a transparent solid material in transparent frozen earth; the fluorine-containing polymer is a grain with the grain diameter being 0.25mm-2.0mm and is TeflonAF1600 produced by American DuPont Company; the refractive index is 1.31 and the density is 2.1g/cm<3>-2.3g/cm<3>; the testing device comprises a low-temperature laboratory; the low-temperature laboratory is internally provided with a transparent model groove, a transparent frozen earth embankment model which is a simulation device for simulating embankments and natural environments; the low-temperature laboratory comprises a laser source, a record observation device of a digital camera and a processing device. The testing method disclosed by the invention is feasible; the transparency of the prepared transparent earth is high and the price is low; the transparent earth is free from toxicity and harmless, has the good similarity with the properties of a natural frozen earth body and can widely replace natural frozen earth; the testing device is simple and convenient to operate, is easy to realize and has strong repeatability; the testing device can be used for simulating complicated geological conditions and is effectively used for model tests of geotechnical engineering.

Description

The modelling of frozen soil embankment and frozen soil embankment model heat are melted landslide test unit and test method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the model test in a kind of Geotechnical Engineering, specifically frozen soil embankment modelling and frozen soil embankment model heat are melted landslide test unit and a test method, particularly relate to the modelling of a kind of visual frozen soil embankment and frozen soil embankment model heat and melt landslide test unit and test method.
Background technology
In model test aspect Geotechnical Engineering, research soil body internal deformation rule and mechanism, significant to exploring geotechnical engineering problems essence.Particularly ever frost on the earth, seasonal frozen ground and in short-term the area of permafrost region account for 50 ﹪ of land surface, wherein, permafrost distribution area 3500 Wan ㎞ 2, account for 25 ﹪ of land surface.Frozen soil is a kind of soil body very responsive to temperature, and along with the rising of temperature, its intensity significantly reduces, and the intensity of the intensity after the soil body melts when freezing is with the reduction of how much orders of magnitude.The Hills And Low Mountains in the belly areas, Permafrost Area such as correlative study result shows, Qinghai-Tibet Platean, in the slope that is greater than 3 °, its heat is melted and in process, is all likely formed thaw slumping.When top layer frozen soil melts because temperature raises, under high ice content condition, sliding soil mass shows as the potpourri of hard ground block and aqueous mud composition, easily produces and is roughly parallel to domatic slipping plane.As near Qinghai-Tibet Highway K3035 mileage section milestone, between five Dao Liang He Tuotuo rivers region, the overall gradient is 7 ° of left and right, and 95m, the typical thaw slumping phenomenon of the widest about 72m have just occurred to be longitudinally about.Therefore thaw slumping characteristic and the mechanism research, carried out low angle side slope seem particularly important.
The patent No. is 201110074794.2, denomination of invention is a kind ofly to disclose a kind of high technical method containing freezing soil sample of conventional equipment preparation that utilizes for height containing the preparation method's of freezing soil sample patent, this method can size according to actual needs be made high containing ice Artificial Frozen Soil sample, the frozen soil sample of having joined based on system, utilizes geotechnological testing tool to test the engineering characteristic of frozen soil.
Document " In Permafrost Regions of Qinghai-xizang Plateau thaw slumping model investigation " (Jin Dewu etc. engineering investigation, 2006,9:1-6.) designed a set of and how much of Qinghai-Tibet Highway K3035 mileage section thaw slumping bodies, the similar physical model (1:10 engineer's scale dwindles) of slope body structure, process of the test is divided into ice chest processing and ice sheet is made, soil sample rolls and configuration, the correction of monitoring instrument and making and the several links of instrument embedding of demarcation, the interior slope of model casing scale model; In process of the test, use one specially to watch ice sheet temperature control, Temperature Setting is-1 oc, another controls soil temperature, completes altogether 4 freezing and thawing cycles circulations, and conventional temp probe, displacement transducer and the extensimeter based on pre-buried can record displacement field and the temperature field of side slope.But, traditional soil deformation measuring method is to bury a series of sensors underground at inside soil body, obtains the displacement of some discrete point, and its sensor is easily subject to the impact of external environment disturbance, measurement result is often not accurate enough, can not provide the whole displacement field of inside soil body continuous modification simultaneously.Modern digital image technique is also confined to measure macroscopic view or the border deformation of the soil body, can not realize visual to soil body internal deformation; X-ray, gamma-radiation, Computerized chromatographic scanning (cat scan) and mr imaging technique (MRI) although can be used for measuring the continuous modification of inside soil body, expensive costs constraints the widespread use of these technology.
Utilize artificial synthetic transparent soil can realize the visual of soil body internal deformation in conjunction with optical observation and image processing techniques, its expense is cheap, easy and simple to handle, can be widely used in the model test of Geotechnical Engineering aspect, research inside soil body rule and mechanism, significant to exploring geotechnical engineering problems essence.Its prerequisite is that acquisition transparency is higher, and the character artificial synthetic transparent soil similar to the natural soil body.At present, the existing different materials system that adopts is joined transparent soil, and has obtained some achievements.But, prior art data shows, prepare the solid particle of transparent soil and mainly select quartzy class material, the refractive index of its solid particle itself is between 1.44～1.46, select Pyrex material, the refractive index of its solid particle itself is between 1.46～1.48, much larger than 1.33 refractive indexes of water and 1.31 refractive indexes of ice.Therefore, utilize the solid particle of the transparent soil of existing preparation cannot make saturated transparent frozen soil sample.
Fluoropolymer is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; The characteristic with high temperature resistant, low temperature resistant, resistance to chemical attack, inviscid, nontoxic, pollution-free, the high grade of transparency, low-refraction, also has the characteristics such as gas permeability structure, hydrophobicity, chemical inertness, good with the similarity of natural earth volume property.Teflon AF 1600 is dissolvable in water in fluorine series solvent, can form film or melting compression forming; At present, it is mainly used in coating, floods or makes fiber, and the liquid core waveguide of making also has utilization at numerous areas such as absorption, fluorescence, Raman spectrum analysis, gas sensors.Because fluoropolymer has the high grade of transparency, refractive index is identical with ice, therefore, can in the transparent frozen soil of preparation, be used as transparent solid material.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that the modelling of a kind of frozen soil embankment and frozen soil embankment model heat are melted landslide test unit and test method, the particularly modelling of a kind of visual frozen soil embankment and frozen soil embankment model heat is melted landslide test unit and test method.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize its goal of the invention, a kind of frozen soil embankment model production method, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, and its particle diameter is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
Step (1) in, that described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
(2) mixture: indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract to remain in the bubble of sample inside, make sample reach abundant state of saturation;
(4) freeze: mould is packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes and freeze to remove mould after 48 hours, make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes sand embankment of simulation, its physical characteristics is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4.
A kind of frozen soil embankment model production method, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, its particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
(2) mixture: indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract to remain in the bubble of sample inside, make sample reach abundant state of saturation;
(4) fixed: by sample be placed in consolidometer, carry out fixed, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3;
(5) freeze: mould is packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes and freeze to remove mould after 48 hours, make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment of simulation, its physical characteristics is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
A kind of frozen soil embankment model heat is melted landslide test unit, it comprises low temperature test chamber, the indoor transparent model groove that is provided with of low temperature test, in transparent model groove, be provided with the transparent frozen soil embankment model of simulation embankment, in transparent frozen soil embankment model, be embedded with temperature sensor, the tailo face top of embankment is provided with the pyrotoxin being arranged on transparent model groove; On tailo face, lay or do not lay thermal insulation material, tailo face toe position arranges or does not arrange barricade; Outside transparent model groove, be provided with lasing light emitter with a side of transparent frozen soil embankment model transverse cross-section parallel, be provided with digital camera with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model xsect, digital camera, temperature sensor connect with treating apparatus by data line; The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter, and the intersection point of the axis of described digital camera and the axis of described lasing light emitter is positioned at described transparent model groove; Lasing light emitter irradiates the xsect of transparent frozen soil embankment model, the xsect of the transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to by digital camera recording laser source.
Transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present invention adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, in the time that need make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes sand embankment of simulation, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, to freeze step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole volume calculate by test condition and model size; Described colourless hole liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; The particle diameter of described granular ice is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; The physical characteristics of described transparent frozen soil is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4; That described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
Transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present invention adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, in the time that need make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment of simulation, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, fixed, to freeze step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole volume calculate by test condition and model size; Described colourless hole liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ of described granular ice; The physical characteristics of described transparent frozen soil is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
Transparent model groove of the present invention, barricade adopt organic glass to make; Described thermal insulation material is metalling or the polyethylene foam plastics net by the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜.
A kind of frozen soil embankment model heat is melted landslide test method, and it comprises following process:
(1) modeling: make respectively transparent model groove and the transparent frozen soil embankment model of simulating frozen soil embankment model according to testing requirements and frozen soil embankment moulded dimension, described transparent frozen soil embankment model adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, and pre-buried temperature sensor; Described transparent model groove adopts organic glass to make;
(2) install: indoor at low temperature test, pack transparent frozen soil embankment model into transparent model groove, pyrotoxin is arranged on transparent model groove, is positioned at the tailo face top of transparent frozen soil embankment model; Outside transparent model groove, be provided with lasing light emitter with a side of transparent frozen soil embankment model transverse cross-section parallel, be provided with digital camera with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model xsect, digital camera, temperature sensor connect with treating apparatus by data line; The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter, and the intersection point of the axis of described digital camera and the axis of described lasing light emitter is positioned at described transparent model groove;
(3) test: open lasing light emitter, check that it is in the inner particle tangent plane lightness forming of transparent frozen soil embankment model, adjustment laser angle, makes tangent plane vertical incidence, by the centre position of transparent frozen soil embankment model longitudinal direction; Open digital camera, adjust digital camera lens, can include tailo face and the ubac face of transparent frozen soil embankment model; Be the xsect that lasing light emitter irradiates transparent frozen soil embankment model, the xsect of the transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to by digital camera recording laser source; According to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin, observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model under freezing, melting loop cycle by digital camera, the thaw slumping process of tailo face, and record data are sent into treating apparatus by data line.
For inspection punishment measure offsets the effect except thaw slumping phenomenon, the present invention process (2) in, on tailo face, lay thermal insulation material, tailo face toe position arranges barricade; Described thermal insulation material is that described barricade adopts organic glass to make by metalling or the polyethylene foam plastics net of the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜; Process (3) in, according to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin, observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model under freezing, melting loop cycle by digital camera, the thaw slumping process of tailo face, and record data are sent into treating apparatus by data line, inspection punishment measure offsets the effect except thaw slumping phenomenon.
When need make simulation when the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes sand embankment, the present invention process (1) in, the transparent frozen soil embankment of described making model comprises gets the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumizes, freezes step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, and its particle diameter is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
That described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
Described mixture is indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The described bubble that remains in sample inside for utilizing vacuum extractor to extract that vacuumizes, makes sample reach abundant state of saturation;
Described freezing freezes after 48 hours to remove mould for mould being packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, makes and is modeled as the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes sand embankment, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4.
When need make simulation when the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment, the present invention process (1) in, the transparent frozen soil embankment of described making model comprise get the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, fixed, freeze step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, its particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
Described mixture is indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The described bubble that remains in sample inside for utilizing vacuum extractor to extract that vacuumizes, makes sample reach abundant state of saturation;
Described fixed for by sample be placed in consolidometer, carry out fixed, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3;
Described freezing freezes after 48 hours to remove mould for mould being packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, makes and is modeled as the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1 kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention has realized goal of the invention preferably, and test method is feasible, and the transparent native transparency of preparation is high, cheap, nontoxic, good with the similarity of natural frozen soil soil mass property, can extensively substitute nature frozen soil; Test unit is easy and simple to handle, is easy to realize, repeatable strong; Can be used to the geologic condition of Simulation of Complex, effectively for the model test of Geotechnical Engineering.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test unit of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of frozen soil embankment model production method, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, and its particle diameter is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
The present invention step (1) in, that described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
For not affecting refractive index, the present invention step (1) in, described water is pure water.
Consumption according to specimen size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and pure water in test condition and mould:
Sample water cut 100.0 ﹪, the dry density 0.55g/cm of the present embodiment 3, volume of sample (374.0 ㎝ 3) and low temperature test room temperature-6.0 DEG C, converse a required fluoropolymer particles quality of sample of preparation (granular mass=dry density × volume of sample) for 206.0g, total Water (water cut 100.0 ﹪, the quality of total Water equates with granular mass) is 206.0g; Because sand is in the time that temperature is-6.0 DEG C, it does not freeze liquid water content and is about 15 ﹪, so add the quality of pure water to should be 30.9g preparing in sample process, the quality of granular ice is 175.1g.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.3g/ ㎝ 3fluoropolymer particles, that fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed;
(2) mixture: indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The present embodiment is indoor at-6.0 DEG C of low temperature tests, first by step (1) in definite fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, point pack sample processed in mould for 3 times into, and layering hits reality, be depressed into and design packing 70 ﹪; Again pure water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract to remain in the bubble of sample inside, make sample reach abundant state of saturation;
(4) freeze: mould is packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes and freeze to remove mould after 48 hours, make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes sand embankment of simulation, its physical characteristics is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present embodiment is: density 1.9g/ ㎝ 3, severe 19kN/m 3, packing 70 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 40MPa, Poisson ratio 0.3.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of frozen soil embankment model heat is melted landslide test unit, it comprises low temperature test chamber 1, in low temperature test chamber 1, be provided with transparent model groove 5, in transparent model groove 5, be provided with the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of simulation embankment 9, in transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, be embedded with temperature sensor 12, tailo face 7 tops of embankment 9 are provided with the pyrotoxin 6 being arranged on transparent model groove 5; On tailo face 7, lay or do not lay thermal insulation material 11, tailo face 7 toe positions arrange or do not arrange barricade 10; Outside transparent model groove 5, be provided with lasing light emitter 2(the present embodiment with a side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 transverse cross-section parallel and be located at ubac face 8 one sides), be provided with digital camera 3 with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 xsects, digital camera 3, temperature sensor 12 connect with treating apparatus 4 by data line; The axis of described digital camera 3 is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter 2, and the intersection point of the axis of the axis of described digital camera 3 and described lasing light emitter 2 is positioned at described transparent model groove 5; Lasing light emitter 2 irradiates the xsect of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, the xsect of the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 being irradiated to by digital camera 3 recording laser sources 2.
Transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present invention adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, in the time that need make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 that freezes sand embankment of simulation, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, to freeze step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole volume calculate by test condition and model size; Described colourless hole liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; The particle diameter of described granular ice is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; The physical characteristics of described transparent frozen soil is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4; That described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
For not affecting refractive index, water of the present invention is pure water.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.3g/ ㎝ 3fluoropolymer particles, that fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
Consumption according to specimen size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and pure water in test condition and mould:
Sample water cut 100.0 ﹪, the dry density 0.55g/cm of the present embodiment 3, volume of sample (374.0 ㎝ 3) and low temperature test room temperature-6.0 DEG C, converse a required fluoropolymer particles quality of sample of preparation (granular mass=dry density × volume of sample) for 206.0g, total Water (water cut 100.0 ﹪, the quality of total Water equates with granular mass) is 206.0g; Because sand is in the time that temperature is-6.0 DEG C, it does not freeze liquid water content and is about 15 ﹪, so add the quality of pure water to should be 30.9g preparing in sample process, the quality of granular ice is 175.1g.
Described mixture is indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The present embodiment is indoor at-6.0 DEG C of low temperature tests, first by definite fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, point packs sample processed in mould for 3 times into, and layering hits reality, is depressed into and designs packing 70 ﹪; Again pure water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The bubble that utilizes vacuum extractor to extract to remain in sample inside, makes sample reach abundant state of saturation;
Described freezing freezes after 48 hours to remove mould for mould being packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, makes the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 that freezes sand nature embankment of simulation, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is: density 1.9g/ ㎝ 3, severe 19kN/m 3, packing 70 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 40MPa, Poisson ratio 0.3.
In the time that tailo face 7 is greater than 4 °～9 ° with the slope angle of ubac face 8, just exists hot possibility of melting landslide occurs.The slope angle of the tailo face 7 of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is 31 °, and the slope angle of ubac face 8 is 36 °.
Transparent model groove 5 of the present invention, barricade 10 adopt organic glass to make; Described thermal insulation material 11 is metalling or the polyethylene foam plastics net by the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜.
Pyrotoxin 6 of the present invention, is linear fever resistance wire, and near maximum temperature resistance wire can reach 25 °～28 °.
Lasing light emitter 2 of the present invention is intracavity helium-neon laser, and power is that 50mW～500 mW(the present embodiment is 500mW).
Digital camera 3 of the present invention is high definition high speed digital camera, and its resolution is that 50 w～500w(the present embodiment is 500w), exposed frame, frame number 25, time shutter 10 μ s～10s(the present embodiment be 10 μ s).
A kind of frozen soil embankment model heat is melted landslide test method, and it comprises following process:
(1) modeling: make respectively transparent model groove 5 and the transparent frozen soil embankment model 3 of simulating frozen soil embankment model according to testing requirements and frozen soil embankment moulded dimension, described transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, and pre-buried temperature sensor 12; Described transparent model groove 5 adopts organic glass to make;
When need make simulation when the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 that freezes sand embankment, the present invention process (1) in, the transparent frozen soil embankment of described making model comprises gets the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumizes, freezes step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, and its particle diameter is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
That described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
For not affecting refractive index, water of the present invention is pure water.
Consumption according to specimen size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and pure water in test condition and mould:
Sample water cut 100.0 ﹪, the dry density 0.55g/cm of the present embodiment 3, volume of sample (374.0 ㎝ 3) and low temperature test room temperature-6.0 DEG C, converse a required fluoropolymer particles quality of sample of preparation (granular mass=dry density × volume of sample) for 206.0g, total Water (water cut 100.0 ﹪, the quality of total Water equates with granular mass) is 206.0g; Because sand is in the time that temperature is-6.0 DEG C, it does not freeze liquid water content and is about 15 ﹪, so add the quality of pure water to should be 30.9g preparing in sample process, the quality of granular ice is 175.1g.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.3g/ ㎝ 3fluoropolymer particles, that fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed;
Described mixture is indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The present embodiment is indoor at-6.0 DEG C of low temperature tests, first by definite fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, point packs sample processed in mould for 3 times into, and layering hits reality, is depressed into and designs packing 70 ﹪; Again pure water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The described bubble that remains in sample inside for utilizing vacuum extractor to extract that vacuumizes, makes sample reach abundant state of saturation;
Described freezing freezes after 48 hours to remove mould for mould being packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, makes and is modeled as the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes sand embankment, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is: density 1.9g/ ㎝ 3, severe 19kN/m 3, packing 70 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 40MPa, Poisson ratio 0.3.
In the time that tailo face 7 is greater than 4 °～9 ° with the slope angle of ubac face 8, just exists hot possibility of melting landslide occurs.The slope angle of the tailo face 7 of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is 31 °, and the slope angle of ubac face 8 is 36 °.
(2) install: in low temperature test chamber 1, pack transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 into transparent model groove 5, pyrotoxin 6 is arranged on transparent model groove 5, is positioned at tailo face 7 tops of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13; Outside transparent model groove 5, be provided with lasing light emitter 2(the present embodiment with a side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 transverse cross-section parallel and be located at ubac face 8 one sides), be provided with digital camera 3 with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 xsects, digital camera 3, temperature sensor 12 connect with treating apparatus 4 by data line; The axis of described digital camera 3 is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter 2, and the intersection point of the axis of the axis of described digital camera 3 and described lasing light emitter 2 is positioned at described transparent model groove 5;
Pyrotoxin 6 of the present invention, is linear fever resistance wire, and near maximum temperature resistance wire can reach 25 °～28 °.
Lasing light emitter 2 of the present invention is intracavity helium-neon laser, and power is that 50mW～500 mW(the present embodiment is 500mW).
Digital camera 3 of the present invention is high definition high speed digital camera, and its resolution is that 50 w～500w(the present embodiment is 500w), exposed frame, frame number 25, time shutter 10 μ s～10s(the present embodiment be 10 μ s).
(3) test: open lasing light emitter 2, check that it is in the inner particle tangent plane lightness forming of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, adjustment laser angle, makes tangent plane vertical incidence, by the centre position of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 longitudinal directions; Open digital camera 3, adjust digital camera 3 camera lenses, can include tailo face 7 and the ubac face 8 of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13; Be the xsect that lasing light emitter 2 irradiates transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, the xsect of the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 being irradiated to by digital camera 3 recording laser sources 2; According to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin 6, observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 under freezing, melting loop cycle by digital camera 3, the thaw slumping process of tailo face 7, and record data are sent into treating apparatus 4 by data line.
In test, the picture information that utilizes PIV technology (Particle Image Velocimetry particle image velocimetry method) combining image process software PIVview2C logarithmic code camera 3 to gather is processed.
Embodiment 2:
For inspection punishment measure offsets the effect except thaw slumping phenomenon, the present invention process (2) in, on tailo face 7, lay thermal insulation material 11, tailo face 7 toe positions arrange barricade 10; The metalling that described thermal insulation material 11 is the fluoropolymer particles simulation by thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜ or polyethylene foam plastics net (the present embodiment is the metalling of the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 10 ㎜), described barricade 10 adopts organic glass to make; Process (3) in, according to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin 6, observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 under freezing, melting loop cycle by digital camera 3, the thaw slumping process of tailo face 7, and record data are sent into treating apparatus 4 by data line, inspection punishment measure offsets the effect except thaw slumping phenomenon.
Remaining with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
In the preparation of frozen soil embankment model 13, select density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3fluoropolymer particles, that fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 30 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 20 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪, mixed; When mixture, control packing 30 ﹪; The physical characteristics of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is: density 1.82g/ ㎝ 3, severe 18kN/m 3, packing 30 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 10MPa, Poisson ratio 0.35.
Remaining with embodiment 1,2.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of frozen soil embankment model production method, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, its particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
For not affecting refractive index, water of the present invention is pure water.
The present embodiment test condition is identical with embodiment 1 with computing method with specimen size size in mould.
The present embodiment determines that the consumption of fluoropolymer particles, granular ice and pure water is respectively 206.0g, 175.1g and 30.9g.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.3g/ ㎝ 3, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ fluoropolymer particles.
(2) mixture: indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The present embodiment is indoor at-6.0 DEG C of low temperature tests, first by step (1) in definite fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, point pack sample processed in mould for 3 times into, and layering hits reality, be depressed into and design packing 70 ﹪; Again pure water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract to remain in the bubble of sample inside, make sample reach abundant state of saturation;
(4) fixed: by sample be placed in consolidometer, carry out fixed, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3;
The present embodiment degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5;
(5) freeze: mould is packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes and freeze to remove mould after 48 hours, make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment of simulation, its physical characteristics is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present embodiment is: density 1.93g/ ㎝ 3, severe 19.1kN/m 3; Mechanical characteristic is: 20 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 3kPa, elastic modulus 9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.3.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of frozen soil embankment model heat is melted landslide test unit, it comprises low temperature test chamber 1, in low temperature test chamber 1, be provided with transparent model groove 5, in transparent model groove 5, be provided with the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of simulation embankment 9, in transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, be embedded with temperature sensor 12, tailo face 7 tops of embankment 9 are provided with the pyrotoxin 6 being arranged on transparent model groove 5; On tailo face 7, lay or do not lay thermal insulation material 11, tailo face 7 toe positions arrange or do not arrange barricade 10; Outside transparent model groove 5, be provided with lasing light emitter 2(the present embodiment with a side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 transverse cross-section parallel and be located at ubac face 8 one sides), be provided with digital camera 3 with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 xsects, digital camera 3, temperature sensor 12 connect with treating apparatus 4 by data line; The axis of described digital camera 3 is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter 2, and the intersection point of the axis of the axis of described digital camera 3 and described lasing light emitter 2 is positioned at described transparent model groove 5; Lasing light emitter 2 irradiates the xsect of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, the xsect of the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 being irradiated to by digital camera 3 recording laser sources 2.
Transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present invention adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, in the time that need make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 that freezes clay embankment of simulation, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, fixed, to freeze step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole volume calculate by test condition and model size; Described colourless hole liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ of described granular ice; The physical characteristics of described transparent frozen soil is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
For not affecting refractive index, water of the present invention is pure water.
The present embodiment test condition is identical with embodiment 1 with computing method with specimen size size in mould.
The present embodiment determines that the consumption of fluoropolymer particles, granular ice and pure water is respectively 206.0g, 175.1g and 30.9g.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.3g/ ㎝ 3, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ fluoropolymer particles.
Described mixture is indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The present embodiment is indoor at-6.0 DEG C of low temperature tests, first by definite fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, point packs sample processed in mould for 3 times into, and layering hits reality, is depressed into and designs packing 70 ﹪; Again pure water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The described bubble that remains in sample inside for utilizing vacuum extractor to extract that vacuumizes, makes sample reach abundant state of saturation;
Described fixed for by sample be placed in consolidometer, carry out fixed, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3;
The present embodiment degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5;
Described freezing freezes after 48 hours to remove mould for mould being packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, makes the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 that freezes clay nature embankment of simulation, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is: density 1.93g/ ㎝ 3, severe 19.1kN/m 3; Mechanical characteristic is: 20 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 3kPa, elastic modulus 9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.3.
In the time that tailo face 7 is greater than 4 °～9 ° with the slope angle of ubac face 8, just exists hot possibility of melting landslide occurs.The slope angle of the tailo face 7 of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is 31 °, and the slope angle of ubac face 8 is 36 °.
Transparent model groove 5 of the present invention, barricade 10 adopt organic glass to make; Described thermal insulation material 11 is metalling or the polyethylene foam plastics net by the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜.
Pyrotoxin 6 of the present invention, is linear fever resistance wire, and near maximum temperature resistance wire can reach 25 °～28 °.
Lasing light emitter 2 of the present invention is intracavity helium-neon laser, and power is that 50mW～500 mW(the present embodiment is 500mW).
Digital camera 3 of the present invention is high definition high speed digital camera, and its resolution is that 50 w～500w(the present embodiment is 500w), exposed frame, frame number 25, time shutter 10 μ s～10s(the present embodiment be 10 μ s).
A kind of frozen soil embankment model heat is melted landslide test method, and it comprises following process:
(1) modeling: make respectively transparent model groove 5 and the transparent frozen soil embankment model 3 of simulating frozen soil embankment model according to testing requirements and frozen soil embankment moulded dimension, described transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, and pre-buried temperature sensor 12; Described transparent model groove 5 adopts organic glass to make;
When need make simulation when the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment, the present invention process (1) in, the transparent frozen soil embankment of described making model comprise get the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, fixed, freeze step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, its particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
For not affecting refractive index, water of the present invention is pure water.
The present embodiment test condition is identical with embodiment 1 with computing method with specimen size size in mould.
The present embodiment determines that the consumption of fluoropolymer particles, granular ice and pure water is respectively 206.0g, 175.1g and 30.9g.
The present embodiment is selected density 2.3g/ ㎝ 3, particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ fluoropolymer particles.
Described mixture is indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The present embodiment is indoor at-6.0 DEG C of low temperature tests, first by definite fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, point packs sample processed in mould for 3 times into, and layering hits reality, is depressed into and designs packing 70 ﹪; Again pure water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The described bubble that remains in sample inside for utilizing vacuum extractor to extract that vacuumizes, makes sample reach abundant state of saturation;
Described fixed for by sample be placed in consolidometer, carry out fixed, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3;
The present embodiment degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5;
Described freezing freezes after 48 hours to remove mould for mould being packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, makes and is modeled as the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1 kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
The physical characteristics of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 2 of the present embodiment is: density 1.93g/ ㎝ 3, severe 19.1kN/m 3; Mechanical characteristic is: 20 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 3kPa, elastic modulus 9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.3.
In the time that tailo face 7 is greater than 4 °～9 ° with the slope angle of ubac face 8, just exists hot possibility of melting landslide occurs.The slope angle of the tailo face 7 of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is 31 °, and the slope angle of ubac face 8 is 36 °.
(2) install: in low temperature test chamber 1, pack transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 into transparent model groove 5, pyrotoxin 6 is arranged on transparent model groove 5, is positioned at tailo face 7 tops of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13; Outside transparent model groove 5, be provided with lasing light emitter 2(the present embodiment with a side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 transverse cross-section parallel and be located at ubac face 8 one sides), be provided with digital camera 3 with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 xsects, digital camera 3, temperature sensor 12 connect with treating apparatus 4 by data line; The axis of described digital camera 3 is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter 2, and the intersection point of the axis of the axis of described digital camera 3 and described lasing light emitter 2 is positioned at described transparent model groove 5;
Transparent model groove 5 of the present invention, barricade 10 adopt organic glass to make; Described thermal insulation material 11 is metalling or the polyethylene foam plastics net by the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜.
Pyrotoxin 6 of the present invention, is linear fever resistance wire, and near maximum temperature resistance wire can reach 25 °～28 °.
Lasing light emitter 2 of the present invention is intracavity helium-neon laser, and power is 50 mW～500 mW.
Digital camera 3 of the present invention is high definition high speed digital camera, and its resolution is that 50 w～500w(the present embodiment is 500w), exposed frame, frame number 25, time shutter 10 μ s～10s(the present embodiment be 10 μ s).
(3) test: open lasing light emitter 2, check that it is in the inner particle tangent plane lightness forming of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, adjustment laser angle, makes tangent plane vertical incidence, by the centre position of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 longitudinal directions; Open digital camera 3, adjust digital camera 3 camera lenses, can include tailo face 7 and the ubac face 8 of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13; Be the xsect that lasing light emitter 2 irradiates transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, the xsect of the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 being irradiated to by digital camera 3 recording laser sources 2; According to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin 6, observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 under freezing, melting loop cycle by digital camera 3, the thaw slumping process of tailo face 7, and record data are sent into treating apparatus 4 by data line.
In test, the picture information that utilizes PIV technology (Particle Image Velocimetry particle image velocimetry method) combining image process software PIVview2C logarithmic code camera 3 to gather is processed.
Embodiment 5:
For inspection punishment measure offsets the effect except thaw slumping phenomenon, the present invention process (2) in, on tailo face 7, lay thermal insulation material 11, tailo face 7 toe positions arrange barricade 10; The metalling that described thermal insulation material 11 is the fluoropolymer particles simulation by thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜ or polyethylene foam plastics net (the present embodiment is the metalling of the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 10 ㎜), described barricade 10 adopts organic glass to make; Process (3) in, according to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin 6, observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 under freezing, melting loop cycle by digital camera 3, the thaw slumping process of tailo face 7, and record data are sent into treating apparatus 4 by data line, inspection punishment measure offsets the effect except thaw slumping phenomenon.
Remaining with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 6:
In the preparation of frozen soil embankment model 13, select density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3fluoropolymer particles; When fixed, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8; The physical characteristics of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 2 of the present embodiment is: density 1.83g/ ㎝ 3, severe 17.8 kN/m 3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1kPa, elastic modulus 5.2MPa, Poisson ratio 0.22.
Remaining with embodiment 4,5.

Claims (10)

1. a frozen soil embankment model production method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, and its particle diameter is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
Step (1) in, that described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
(2) mixture: indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract to remain in the bubble of sample inside, make sample reach abundant state of saturation;
(4) freeze: mould is packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes and freeze to remove mould after 48 hours, make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes sand embankment of simulation, its physical characteristics is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4.
2. a frozen soil embankment model production method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, its particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
(2) mixture: indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
(3) vacuumize: utilize vacuum extractor to extract to remain in the bubble of sample inside, make sample reach abundant state of saturation;
(4) fixed: by sample be placed in consolidometer, carry out fixed, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3;
(5) freeze: mould is packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes and freeze to remove mould after 48 hours, make the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment of simulation, its physical characteristics is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
3. a frozen soil embankment model heat is melted landslide test unit, it is characterized in that it comprises low temperature test chamber, the indoor transparent model groove that is provided with of low temperature test, in transparent model groove, be provided with the transparent frozen soil embankment model of simulation embankment, in transparent frozen soil embankment model, be embedded with temperature sensor, the tailo face top of embankment is provided with the pyrotoxin being arranged on transparent model groove; On tailo face, lay or do not lay thermal insulation material, tailo face toe position arranges or does not arrange barricade; Outside transparent model groove, be provided with lasing light emitter with a side of transparent frozen soil embankment model transverse cross-section parallel, be provided with digital camera with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model xsect, digital camera, temperature sensor connect with treating apparatus by data line; The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter, and the intersection point of the axis of described digital camera and the axis of described lasing light emitter is positioned at described transparent model groove; Lasing light emitter irradiates the xsect of transparent frozen soil embankment model, the xsect of the transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to by digital camera recording laser source.
4. frozen soil embankment model heat according to claim 3 is melted landslide test unit, it is characterized in that described transparent frozen soil embankment model adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, to freeze step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole volume calculate by test condition and model size; Described colourless hole liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; The particle diameter of described granular ice is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; The physical characteristics of described transparent frozen soil is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4; That described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪.
5. frozen soil embankment model heat according to claim 3 is melted landslide test unit, it is characterized in that described transparent frozen soil embankment model adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, fixed, to freeze step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole volume calculate by test condition and model size; Described colourless hole liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜ of described granular ice; The physical characteristics of described transparent frozen soil is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
6. melt landslide test unit according to the frozen soil embankment model heat described in claim 3 or 4 or 5, it is characterized in that described transparent model groove, barricade adopt organic glass to make; Described thermal insulation material is metalling or the polyethylene foam plastics net by the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜.
7. frozen soil embankment model heat is melted a landslide test method, it is characterized in that it comprises following process:
(1) modeling: make respectively transparent model groove and the transparent frozen soil embankment model of simulating frozen soil embankment model according to testing requirements and frozen soil embankment moulded dimension, described transparent frozen soil embankment model adopts transparent frozen soil material to make, and pre-buried temperature sensor; Described transparent model groove adopts organic glass to make;
(2) install: indoor at low temperature test, pack transparent frozen soil embankment model into transparent model groove, pyrotoxin is arranged on transparent model groove, is positioned at the tailo face top of transparent frozen soil embankment model; Outside transparent model groove, be provided with lasing light emitter with a side of transparent frozen soil embankment model transverse cross-section parallel, be provided with digital camera with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model xsect, digital camera, temperature sensor connect with treating apparatus by data line; The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter, and the intersection point of the axis of described digital camera and the axis of described lasing light emitter is positioned at described transparent model groove;
(3) test: open lasing light emitter, check that it is in the inner particle tangent plane lightness forming of transparent frozen soil embankment model, adjustment laser angle, makes tangent plane vertical incidence, by the centre position of transparent frozen soil embankment model longitudinal direction; Open digital camera, adjust digital camera lens, can include tailo face and the ubac face of transparent frozen soil embankment model; Be the xsect that lasing light emitter irradiates transparent frozen soil embankment model, the xsect of the transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to by digital camera recording laser source; According to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin, observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model under freezing, melting loop cycle by digital camera, the thaw slumping process of tailo face, and record data are sent into treating apparatus by data line.
8. frozen soil embankment model heat according to claim 7 is melted landslide test method, it is characterized in that process (2) in, on tailo face, lay thermal insulation material, tailo face toe position arranges barricade; Described thermal insulation material is that described barricade adopts organic glass to make by metalling or the polyethylene foam plastics net of the fluoropolymer particles simulation of thickness 5 ㎜～15 ㎜; Process (3) in, according to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin, observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model under freezing, melting loop cycle by digital camera, the thaw slumping process of tailo face, and record data are sent into treating apparatus by data line, inspection punishment measure offsets the effect except thaw slumping phenomenon.
9. melt landslide test method according to the frozen soil embankment model heat described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that process (1) in, the transparent frozen soil embankment of described making model comprises gets the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumizes, freezes step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter 0.25 ㎜～2.0 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, and its particle diameter is 0.1 ㎜～0.5 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
That described fluoropolymer particles 0.25 ㎜≤particle diameter < 0.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 0.5 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.0 ㎜≤particle diameter <, 1.5 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, that 1.5 ㎜≤particle diameter≤2.0 ㎜ is 10 ﹪～50 ﹪, by weight, add up to 100 ﹪;
Described mixture is indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The described bubble that remains in sample inside for utilizing vacuum extractor to extract that vacuumizes, makes sample reach abundant state of saturation;
Described freezing freezes after 48 hours to remove mould for mould being packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, makes and is modeled as the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes sand embankment, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.53 g/ ㎝ 3～2.0g/ ㎝ 3, severe 15kN/m 3～20kN/m 3, packing 20 ﹪～80 ﹪; Mechanical characteristic is: 30 °～31 ° of angle of internal friction, elastic modulus 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.4.
10. melt landslide test method according to the frozen soil embankment model heat described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that process (1) in, the transparent frozen soil embankment of described making model comprise get the raw materials ready, mixture, vacuumize, fixed, freeze step:
Described getting the raw materials ready as first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to testing requirements, then according to the consumption of test condition and die size size calculative determination fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless hole liquid; Described fluoropolymer is the particle of particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜, cleans impurity and dries, and its particle is irregularly shaped, is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/ ㎝ 3～2.3g/ ㎝ 3; Described granular ice is that the monoblock ice having freezed is smashed to pieces, its particle diameter≤0.074 ㎜; Described colourless hole liquid is water;
Described mixture is indoor at-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C low temperature tests, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, divide and pack sample processed in mould for 2～3 times into, and reality is hit in layering; Again water is added in mould to the space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice;
The described bubble that remains in sample inside for utilizing vacuum extractor to extract that vacuumizes, makes sample reach abundant state of saturation;
Described fixed for by sample be placed in consolidometer, carry out fixed, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3;
Described freezing freezes after 48 hours to remove mould for mould being packed into-20 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, makes and is modeled as the saturated transparent frozen soil embankment model that freezes clay embankment, and its physical characteristics is: density 1.63 g/ ㎝ 3～2.1g/ ㎝ 3, severe 16kN/m 3～21kN/m 3, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3; Mechanical characteristic is: 19 °～22 ° of angle of internal friction, cohesiveness is 1 kPa～3kPa, elastic modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson ratio 0.2～0.3.
CN201410180405.8A 2014-04-30 2014-04-30 Frozen soil embankment modelling and frozen soil embankment model heat melt landslide assay device and test method Expired - Fee Related CN103926128B (en)

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CN201410180405.8A CN103926128B (en) 2014-04-30 Frozen soil embankment modelling and frozen soil embankment model heat melt landslide assay device and test method
GB1517015.2A GB2535820B (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil and preparation method and application thereof
RU2015144375A RU2625230C2 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil, method of its production and application
AU2014378589A AU2014378589B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Application for a fluorine-containing polymer in preparation of transparent frozen soil
US14/763,536 US9810608B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil and preparation method and application thereof
AU2014378591A AU2014378591B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil, and preparation method and application thereof
US14/763,531 US9909958B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil and preparation method and application thereof
PCT/CN2014/078525 WO2015165139A1 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil and fabrication method and use therefor
PCT/CN2014/078494 WO2015165137A1 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Application of fluorine-containing polymer in preparation of transparent frozen soil
RU2015144374A RU2625231C2 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil, method of its production and application
GB1517022.8A GB2539729B (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil, and preparation method and application thereof
PCT/CN2014/078522 WO2015165138A1 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil, and preparation method and application thereof
RU2015144373A RU2620055C1 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Application method of fluorine-containing polymer during production of transparent frozen soil
US14/763,528 US9784651B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Application of a fluorine-containing polymer in preparation of transparent frozen soil
AU2014378590A AU2014378590B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Transparent frozen soil and preparation method and application thereof
GB1517007.9A GB2539728B (en) 2014-04-30 2014-05-27 Application of a fluorine-containing polymer in preparation of transparent frozen soil

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