CN103920795A - Solid particle thermal expansion vibration composite forming process of car rear axle housing - Google Patents
Solid particle thermal expansion vibration composite forming process of car rear axle housing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103920795A CN103920795A CN201410130770.8A CN201410130770A CN103920795A CN 103920795 A CN103920795 A CN 103920795A CN 201410130770 A CN201410130770 A CN 201410130770A CN 103920795 A CN103920795 A CN 103920795A
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Abstract
A solid particle thermal expansion vibration composite forming process of a car rear axle housing includes: shrinking diameter to obtain a reducing pipe blank, heating, assembling a primary-bulging die, performing primary bulging to obtain a primary-bulging pipe blank, heating again, assembling a secondary-bulging die, performing secondary bulging to obtain a secondary-bulging pipe blank, heating for the third time, assembling a pressing die, and pressing to obtain the car rear axle housing. The process has the advantages that the problem of equipment seal in transitional car rear axle housing hydraulic bulging is solved; formability of the car rear axle housing is increased evidently, die assembly force is reduced during forming, and the thinning ratio even crack probability of the formed car rear axle housing are reduced; vibration plastic forming is used, so that pipe blank plastic deformation resistance can be lowered, machining quality of the car rear axle housing can be improved, and machining energy consumption of the car rear axle housing can be lowered; the relative motion conditions between the die and a workpiece is improved, and 'self-locking' among solid particles during car rear axle housing forming is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tube bulge technique, be specifically related to a kind of heat expansion vibration combined forming process of solid particle of automobile rear axle housing.
Technical background
Automobile rear axle housing, as the vitals of automobile, plays the effects such as bearing vehicle body, protection main reducing gear.Orthodox car rear axle housing is shaped and adopts the mode of punch welding or casting, yet weldment easily produces weld defect; Casting technique waste material and not environmental protection.There is in recent years scholar to propose to adopt the method for internal high pressure forming, highly pressurised liquid is passed into tubing, bulging by tubing obtains ideal forming part, and the mode that then proposes swollen-pressurization compound forming is to reduce forming pressure required in vehicle rear-axle housing forming process and to improve the quality of drip molding.Yet use the method for internal high pressure forming vehicle rear-axle housing to need the sealing problem of strict consideration equipment, and be subject to internal high pressure forming device-restrictive, cannot be by improving forming temperature to improve the formability of drip molding.Generally internal high pressure forming at room temperature carries out, and the formability of drip molding is poor, thereby in internal high pressure forming automobile rear axle housing process, forming pressure easily occurs pipe fracture phenomena greatly and because fluid pressure is uniformly distributed in pipe surface.
It is the new forming technology proposing in recent years that solid particle medium is shaped, and its shaping medium adopts solid particle, and as fine sand, steel ball, ceramic particle etc., therefore, solid particle medium forming technology does not need strictly to consider the sealing problem in forming process.Solid particle medium forming technology pressure to pipe in forming process presents inhomogeneities, can to drip molding, carry out partial plastic forming by controlling the pressure head amount of feeding.In bulging part forming process, by heating pipe and solid particle medium, can significantly improve the formability of drip molding, make drip molding forming quality improve and reduce drip molding and occur the possibility of breaking.At present, the research of solid particle medium forming technology has related to sheet material forming and bellows is shaped, and successfully use solid particle medium forming technology to obtain good drip molding; Yet the research that solid particle medium forming technology is applied to automobile rear axle housing shaping rarely has report.
Vibrate in recent years plastic forming technology extensively uses in the Plastic Forming of material, compare with common plastic molding method, the application of vibration Technology of Plastic Processing in materials plastic forming process can reduce material plastic deformation resistance, improve the crudy of drip molding and reduce power consumption of polymer processing, relative motion condition between mould and workpiece makes moderate progress simultaneously, but not yet vibration plastic forming technology is applied at present to the shaping of automobile rear axle housing.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heat expansion vibration combined forming process of solid particle of automobile rear axle housing, significantly improve the formability of automobile rear axle housing, in forming process, mould mold clamping force reduces, and the possibility that the reduction of drip molding even breaks reduces.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A heat expansion vibration combined forming process for the solid particle of automobile rear axle housing, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, undergauge is processed, and obtains undergauge pipe 11:
First according to automobile rear axle housing size and bulging, require to choose GB/T8162-2008 standard seamless steel pipe 10, wherein, the maximum equivalent diameter ratio of the diameter of seamless steel pipe 10 and axle housing is greater than 0.5; Then it is carried out to cold push-sinking processing, wherein tubing undergauge passage is no more than 4 times, and every time diameter reducing rate is less than 15%, if required undergauge passage is greater than two passages, in seamless steel pipe 10 undergauge processes, after every two passage undergauges, it is carried out to stress relief annealing;
Step 2, heating, assemble one time expanding die:
The solid particle of break-in in powdered graphite is mixed and packed in undergauge pipe 11, and solid particle is steel ball or Ceramic Balls, with left pressure head 3, seals and sealing integral body is heated with right pressure head 3 ', and the temperature that makes undergauge pipe 11 is 500～650 ℃; Guide die 4 and first time guide die 4 ' on the right half mold of the left half mold of bulging 2, bulging 2 ', first are preheating to 250～300 ℃, to sealing on the right half mold of the left half mold of integral body, bulging 2, bulging 2 ', first guide die 4 and first time guide die 4 ', assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 3, a bulging, obtains bulging pipe 12 one time:
Guide die 4 on first and first time guide die 4 ' are applied to hydraulic vibration, mechanical oscillation or ultrasonic vibration, and wherein vibration frequency is 10～15KHz; First the left half mold of bulging 2, a right half mold 2 ' of bulging drive left pressure head 3, right pressure head 3 ' with the relative motion of 15～20mm/s speed, undergauge pipe 11 produces useful fold, stop motion when mould meets predetermined stroke under the axial force of the left half mold of bulging 2, a right half mold 2 ' of bulging and solid particle squeezing action; Then left pressure head 3 is with right pressure head 3 ' with the relative motion of 5～10mm/s speed, and left pressure head 3 and right pressure head 3 ' extrusion solid particle make undergauge pipe 11 mould of fitting gradually, thereby progressively complete a bulging, obtain bulging pipe 12 one time;
Step 4, heating again, assembling secondary expanding die:
Take out one time bulging pipe 12, the solid particle of break-in in powdered graphite is packed in a bulging pipe 12, with left pressure head 3, seal and sealing integral body is heated with right pressure head 3 ', the temperature that makes a bulging pipe 12 is 500～650 ℃; Guide die 5 and second time guide die 5 ' on the right half mold of the left half mold 6 of secondary bulging, secondary bulging 6 ', second are preheating to 250～300 ℃, to sealing on the right half mold of integral body, the left half mold 6 of secondary bulging, secondary bulging 6 ', second guide die 5 and second time guide die 5 ', assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 5, secondary bulging, obtains secondary bulging pipe 13:
Guide die 5 on second and second time guide die 5 ' are applied to hydraulic vibration, mechanical oscillation or ultrasonic vibration, and wherein vibration frequency is 10～15KHz; First the left half mold 6 of secondary bulging, the right half mold 6 ' of secondary bulging drive left pressure head 3, right pressure head 3 ' with the relative motion of 15～20mm/s speed, one time bulging pipe 12 produces useful fold, stop motion when mould matched moulds under the left half mold 6 of secondary bulging, the right half mold 6 ' axial force of secondary bulging and solid particle squeezing action; Then left pressure head 3 is with right pressure head 3 ' with the relative motion of 5～10mm/s speed, and left pressure head 3 and right pressure head 3 ' extrusion solid particle make a bulging pipe 12 mould of fitting gradually, thereby progressively complete secondary bulging, obtain secondary bulging pipe 13;
Step 6, three heating, assembling compacting tool set:
Take out secondary bulging pipe 13, the solid particle of break-in in powdered graphite is packed in secondary bulging pipe 13, with left pressure head 3, seal and sealing integral body is heated with right pressure head 3 ', the temperature that makes secondary bulging pipe 13 is 500～650 ℃; Left compacting tool set 8, right compacting tool set 8 ', upper compacting tool set 7, lower compacting tool set 7 ', left abutment sleeve 9, right abutment sleeve 9 ' are preheating to 250～300 ℃; To sealing integral body, left compacting tool set 8, right compacting tool set 8 ', upper compacting tool set 7, lower compacting tool set 7 ', left abutment sleeve 9 and right abutment sleeve 9 ', assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 7, compacting, obtains automobile rear axle housing drip molding 14:
Left compacting tool set 8, right compacting tool set 8 ', upper compacting tool set 7 and lower compacting tool set 7 ' be simultaneously with the speed relative motion of 15～20mm/s, secondary bulging pipe 13 mould of progressively fitting under the common squeezing action of solid particle and mould; Left pressure head 3 is subject to the outside freely-movable of solid particle squeezing action with right pressure head 3 ' in rear axle case pressing process, stop motion after left compacting tool set 8, right compacting tool set 8 ', upper compacting tool set 7 and lower compacting tool set 7 ' matched moulds, finally obtains automobile rear axle housing drip molding 14.
The particle size range of described solid particle is 1～4mm.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, adopt solid particle as the power transmission medium in automobile rear axle housing forming process, solved the problem to equipment sealing in orthodox car rear axle case hydraulic expanding-forming.
2, by heating pipe, solid particle the suitable temperature difference of controlling both, can significantly improve the formability of automobile rear axle housing, in forming process, mould mold clamping force reduces, and the possibility that the reduction of drip molding even breaks reduces.
3, in automobile rear axle housing Bulging Process, adopt the mode of vibration Plastic Forming, can reduce pipe plastic deformation resistance, improve the crudy of automobile rear axle housing and reduce power consumption of polymer processing, relative motion condition between mould and workpiece makes moderate progress simultaneously, has avoided generation " self-locking " between solid particle in automobile rear axle housing forming process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the original state of seamless steel pipe in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is pipe after weldless steel tube hole shrinkage in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is bulging process process original state schematic diagram of automobile rear axle housing in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is bulging process process intermediateness schematic diagram of automobile rear axle housing in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is bulging process process completion status schematic diagram of automobile rear axle housing in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is automobile rear axle housing secondary bulging process process original state schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is automobile rear axle housing secondary bulging process process intermediateness schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is automobile rear axle housing secondary bulging process process completion status schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is automobile rear axle housing pressing process process original state schematic diagram in the present invention.
Figure 10 is automobile rear axle housing pressing process process original state vertical section schematic diagram in the present invention.
Figure 11 is automobile rear axle housing pressing process process completion status schematic diagram in the present invention.
Figure 12 is automobile rear axle housing pressing process process completion status vertical section schematic diagram in the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, describe the present invention.
A heat expansion vibration combined forming process for the solid particle of automobile rear axle housing, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, undergauge is processed, and obtains pipe 11 after necking down:
With reference to Fig. 1, first according to vehicle rear-axle housing size and bulging, require to choose the seamless steel pipe 10 that specification is 114*4, then it is carried out to the cold push-sinking of four-pass and process, wherein, after two passage undergauges, carry out stress relief annealing;
Step 2, heating, assemble one time expanding die:
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the solid particle of break-in in powdered graphite is packed in undergauge pipe 11, solid particle is chosen the steel ball 1 that diameter is 1mm, with left pressure head 3, seals and sealing integral body is heated with right pressure head 3 ', and the temperature that makes undergauge pipe 11 is 500～650 ℃; Guide die 4 and second time guide die 4 ' on the right half mold of the left half mold of bulging 2, bulging 2 ', first are preheating to 250～300 ℃, to sealing on the right half mold of the left half mold of integral body, bulging 2, bulging 2 ', first guide die 4 and second time guide die 4 ', assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 3, a bulging, obtains bulging pipe 12 one time:
With reference to Fig. 4, guide die 4 on first and first time guide die 4 ' are applied to ultrasonic vibration, wherein vibration frequency is 15KHz; First the left half mold of bulging 2, a right half mold 2 ' of bulging drive left pressure head 3, right pressure head 3 ' with the relative motion of 20mm/s speed, undergauge pipe 11 produces useful fold, stop motion when mould meets predetermined stroke under the axial force of the left half mold of bulging 2, a right half mold 2 ' of bulging and steel ball 1 squeezing action; Then with reference to Fig. 5, left pressure head 3 is with right pressure head 3 ' with the relative motion of 10mm/s speed, and left pressure head 3 and right pressure head 3 ' extruding steel ball 1 make undergauge pipe 11 mould of fitting gradually, thereby progressively complete a bulging, obtain bulging pipe 12 one time;
Step 4, heating again, assembling secondary expanding die:
Take out one time bulging pipe 12, the steel ball of break-in in powdered graphite 1 is packed in a bulging pipe 12, with left pressure head 3, seal and sealing integral body is heated with right pressure head 3 ', the temperature that makes a bulging pipe 12 is 500～650 ℃; Guide die 5 and second time guide die 5 ' on the right half mold of the left half mold 6 of secondary bulging, secondary bulging 6 ', second are preheating to 250～300 ℃, with reference to Fig. 6, to sealing on the right half mold of integral body, the left half mold 6 of secondary bulging, secondary bulging 6 ', second guide die 5 and second time guide die 5 ', assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 5, secondary bulging, obtains pipe 13:
With reference to Fig. 7, guide die 5 on second and second time guide die 5 ' are applied to ultrasonic vibration, wherein vibration frequency is 15KHz; First the left half mold 6 of secondary bulging, the right half mold 6 ' of secondary bulging drive left pressure head 3, right pressure head 3 ' with the relative motion of 20mm/s speed, one time bulging pipe 12 produces useful fold, stop motion when mould matched moulds under the left half mold 6 of secondary bulging, the right half mold 6 ' axial force of secondary bulging and steel ball 1 squeezing action; Then with reference to Fig. 8, left pressure head 3 is with right pressure head 3 ' with the relative motion of 10mm/s speed, and left pressure head 3 and right pressure head 3 ' extruding steel ball 1 make a bulging pipe 12 mould of fitting gradually, thereby progressively complete secondary bulging, obtain secondary bulging pipe 13;
Step 6, three heating, assembling compacting tool set:
Take out secondary bulging pipe 13, the steel ball of break-in in powdered graphite is packed in secondary bulging pipe 13, with left pressure head 3, seal and sealing integral body is heated with right pressure head 3 ', the temperature that makes secondary bulging pipe 13 is 500～650 ℃; Left compacting tool set 8, right compacting tool set 8 ', upper compacting tool set 7, lower compacting tool set 7 ', left abutment sleeve 9, right abutment sleeve 9 ' are preheating to 250～300 ℃, with reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, to sealing integral body, left compacting tool set 8, right compacting tool set 8 ', upper compacting tool set 7, lower compacting tool set 7 ', left abutment sleeve 9 and right abutment sleeve 9 ', assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 7, compacting, obtains automobile rear axle housing drip molding 14:
With reference to Figure 11 and Figure 12, left compacting tool set 8, right compacting tool set 8 ', upper compacting tool set 7 and lower compacting tool set 7 ' be simultaneously with the speed relative motion of 20mm/s, secondary bulging pipe 13 mould of progressively fitting under the common squeezing action of steel ball 1 and mould; Left pressure head 3 is subject to the outside freely-movable of steel ball 1 squeezing action with right pressure head 3 ' in rear axle case pressing process, stop motion after left compacting tool set 8, right compacting tool set 8 ', upper compacting tool set 7 and lower compacting tool set 7 ' matched moulds, obtains automobile rear axle housing drip molding 14.
Claims (2)
1. the heat expansion of the solid particle of an automobile rear axle housing vibration combined forming process, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, undergauge is processed, and obtains undergauge pipe (11):
First according to automobile rear axle housing size and bulging, require to choose GB/T8162-2008 standard seamless steel pipe (10), wherein, the maximum equivalent diameter ratio of the diameter of seamless steel pipe (10) and axle housing is greater than 0.5; Then it is carried out to cold push-sinking processing, wherein tubing undergauge passage is no more than 4 times, every time diameter reducing rate is less than 15%, if required undergauge passage is greater than two passages, in seamless steel pipe (10) undergauge process, after every two passage undergauges, it is carried out to stress relief annealing;
Step 2, heating, assemble one time expanding die:
The solid particle of break-in in powdered graphite is packed in undergauge pipe (11), solid particle is steel ball or Ceramic Balls, with left pressure head (3) and right pressure head (3 '), seal and sealing integral body is heated, the temperature that makes undergauge pipe (11) is 500～650 ℃; Guide die (4) and first time guide die (4 ') on a left half mold of bulging (2), a right half mold of bulging (2 '), first are preheating to 250～300 ℃, to sealing on integral body, a left half mold of bulging (2), a right half mold of bulging (2 '), first guide die (4) and first time guide die (4 '), assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 3, a bulging, obtains a bulging pipe (12):
Guide die (4) on first and first time guide die (4 ') are applied to hydraulic vibration, mechanical oscillation or ultrasonic vibration, and wherein vibration frequency is 10～15KHz; First a left half mold of bulging (2), a right half mold of bulging (2 ') drive left pressure head (3), right pressure head (3 ') with the relative motion of 15～20mm/s speed, undergauge pipe (11) produces useful fold, stop motion when mould meets predetermined stroke under the axial force of a left half mold of bulging (2), a right half mold of bulging (2 ') and solid particle squeezing action; Then left pressure head (3) and right pressure head (3 ') are with the relative motion of 5～10mm/s speed, left pressure head (3) and right pressure head (3 ') extrusion solid particle make undergauge pipe (11) mould of fitting gradually, thereby progressively complete a bulging, obtain a bulging pipe (12);
Step 4, heating again, assembling secondary expanding die:
Take out a bulging pipe (12), the solid particle of break-in in powdered graphite is packed in a bulging pipe (12), with left pressure head (3) and right pressure head (3 '), seal and sealing integral body is heated, the temperature that makes a bulging pipe (12) is 500～650 ℃; Guide die (5) and second time guide die (5 ') on the left half mold of secondary bulging (6), the right half mold of secondary bulging (6 '), second are preheating to 250～300 ℃, to sealing on integral body, the left half mold of secondary bulging (6), the right half mold of secondary bulging (6 '), second guide die (5) and second time guide die (5 '), assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 5, secondary bulging, obtains secondary bulging pipe (13):
Guide die (5) on second and second time guide die (5 ') are applied to hydraulic vibration, mechanical oscillation or ultrasonic vibration, and wherein vibration frequency is 10～15KHz; First the left half mold of secondary bulging (6), the right half mold of secondary bulging (6 ') drive left pressure head (3), right pressure head (3 ') with the relative motion of 15～20mm/s speed, a bulging pipe (12) produces useful fold under the left half mold of secondary bulging (6), the right half mold of secondary bulging (6 ') axial force and solid particle squeezing action, stop motion when mould matched moulds; Then left pressure head (3) and right pressure head (3 ') are with the relative motion of 5～10mm/s speed, left pressure head (3) and right pressure head (3 ') extrusion solid particle make a bulging pipe (12) mould of fitting gradually, thereby progressively complete secondary bulging, obtain secondary bulging pipe (13);
Step 6, three heating, assembling compacting tool set:
Take out secondary bulging pipe (13), the solid particle of break-in in powdered graphite is packed in secondary bulging pipe (13), with left pressure head (3) and right pressure head (3 '), seal and sealing integral body is heated, the temperature that makes secondary bulging pipe (13) is 500～650 ℃; Left compacting tool set (8), right compacting tool set (8 '), upper compacting tool set (7), lower compacting tool set (7 '), left abutment sleeve (9), right abutment sleeve (9 ') are preheating to 250～300 ℃; To sealing integral body, left compacting tool set (8), right compacting tool set (8 '), upper compacting tool set (7), lower compacting tool set (7 '), left abutment sleeve (9) and right abutment sleeve (9 '), assemble, then assembly is placed on hydraulic press workbench;
Step 7, compacting, obtains automobile rear axle housing drip molding (14):
Left compacting tool set (8), right compacting tool set (8 '), upper compacting tool set (7) and lower compacting tool set (7 ') be simultaneously with the speed relative motion of 15～20mm/s, secondary bulging pipe (13) mould of progressively fitting under the common squeezing action of solid particle and mould; Left pressure head (3) is subject to the outside freely-movable of solid particle squeezing action with right pressure head (3 ') in rear axle case pressing process, stop motion after left compacting tool set (8), right compacting tool set (8 '), upper compacting tool set (7) and lower compacting tool set (7 ') matched moulds, finally obtains automobile rear axle housing drip molding (14).
2. the heat expansion of the solid particle of a kind of automobile rear axle housing according to claim 1 vibration combined forming process, is characterized in that: the particle size range of described solid particle is 1～4mm.
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| CN104646480A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-05-27 | 安徽工业大学 | Method and device for forming light alloy reducing pipe |
| CN105107996A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-02 | 浙江利福德机械有限公司 | Cold press molding process for carrier body |
| CN106181240A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of C Mn B system high-strength steel abnormity strong quenching integrated metallization processes of the swollen difference of hollow parts hot extrusion |
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| CN114789217A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | Automobile axle housing, automobile axle housing mold and forming method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104646480A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-05-27 | 安徽工业大学 | Method and device for forming light alloy reducing pipe |
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| CN105107996B (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-05-17 | 浙江利福德机械有限公司 | Cold press molding process for carrier body |
| CN106181240A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of C Mn B system high-strength steel abnormity strong quenching integrated metallization processes of the swollen difference of hollow parts hot extrusion |
| CN106391871A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-02-15 | 燕山大学 | Continuous reducing die for swelling-pressure-formed axle housings of small and medium-sized automobiles |
| CN110586773A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 唐山昆鹏金属再生资源有限公司 | Integral forming process method for rectangular steel of automobile rear axle housing |
| CN110695202A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-01-17 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Ultrasonic vibration assisted pipe hydroforming device |
| CN114713700A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-07-08 | 倍力汽车轻量化科技(潍坊)有限公司 | Hot-air-expansion integrated forming method for lightweight drive axle housing |
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| CN114789217A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | Automobile axle housing, automobile axle housing mold and forming method |
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