CN103920635B - A kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device - Google Patents

A kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device Download PDF

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CN103920635B
CN103920635B CN201410157974.0A CN201410157974A CN103920635B CN 103920635 B CN103920635 B CN 103920635B CN 201410157974 A CN201410157974 A CN 201410157974A CN 103920635 B CN103920635 B CN 103920635B
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ultrasonic
longitudinal
transformer
ultrasonic vibration
vibration
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CN103920635A (en
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袁松梅
刘明
张翀
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device, it comprises longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer and ultrasonic amplitude transformer; Ultrasonic amplitude transformer is arranged on the front end of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, and links together with longitudinal ultrasonic vibration overall transducer.This longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer comprises back shroud, piezoelectric ceramic piece, electrode slice, front shroud, insulating sleeve and the pretension bolt for connecting above several part, this ultrasonic amplitude transformer comprises ultrasonic transformer index section and ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section, ultrasonic transformer index section and front shroud are designed to an entirety, ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section is used for being connected with machining tool, ultrasonic transformer index section surface opens four identical helicla flutes, the extensional vibration that longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer produces partly can be converted to twisting vibration by helicla flute, thus make ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section end face produce longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration.The present invention has that structure is simple, torsional component is large, energy conversion efficiency advantages of higher.

Description

A kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device
Technical field
The present invention relates to Machining Technology field, particularly relate to a kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device.
Background technology
In recent years, some novel hard crisp composites are as C/SiC, C/C etc. are in Aero-Space, automobile, the fields such as the energy are more and more applied, and these hard crisp composites are easily processed not as traditional material, fiber tearing is there is by Conventional machining methods handling ease, layering, the defects such as burr, and tool wear is serious, efficiency is low, and ultrasonic vibrating machining technology is considered to one of method being best suited for processing hard crisp composite, it be workpiece and cutter relative motion in traditional machining basis on, workpiece or cutter apply ultrasonic vibration, to obtain the processing method of better processing characteristics.Compared with common process, ultrasonic vibrating machining has advantages such as reducing cutting force, minimizing tool wear, raising surface of the work machining accuracy and raising working (machining) efficiency.Known from pertinent literature, in composite Drilling operation, longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration is compared independent longitudinal ultrasonic vibration and is had better processing effect.But due to the more difficult realization technically of shear-polarization piezoelectric ceramics, the application making longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibrate is restricted.Current, realize longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration and mainly contain two kinds of methods, one is tangentially polarized by piezoelectric ceramics, but is technically difficult to realize, and usual way first piezoelectric ceramic piece is cut into some fanning strips, afterwards respectively by each fan-shaped piezoelectric ceramic piece shear-polarization, again each fan-shaped piezoelectric ceramic piece bonding is got up, this kind of method complex process, percent defective is very high, also easily there is the problems such as potsherd polarization is incomplete, electrical breakdown, be difficult to produce desirable transducer; Two be the utilization that occurred in recent years before transducer termination torsional oscillation module to realize twisting vibration, as patent CN200710009459.8 utilizes the mode of oblique notching at ultrasonic transformer end to realize torsional oscillation, although achieve certain effect, but the method torsional oscillation component is little, fail to make full use of the advantage of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration, working (machining) efficiency is lower, and processing effect is restricted.Although and in patent CN103203312A the ultra-magnetic telescopic Hybrid transducer vibration ultrasonic transducer that describes achieve longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration, energy conversion efficiency is lower, and device is complicated.
Summary of the invention
1, object: in order to more easily obtain longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device, this kind ultrasonic vibration installation torsional component is large, efficiency is high, overcomes the deficiency of said apparatus.
2, technical scheme: a kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device of the present invention, it comprises longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer and ultrasonic amplitude transformer, correlation between them is: ultrasonic amplitude transformer is arranged on the front end of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, and link together with longitudinal ultrasonic vibration overall transducer, eliminate middle coupling part, thus avoid loss when ultrasonic energy transmits between two parts.
Described longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer comprises back shroud, piezoelectric ceramic piece, electrode slice, front shroud, insulating sleeve and for connect, pretension bolt that is fixing and several parts more than compressing, correlation between them is: this back shroud is in the rearward end of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, this front shroud is in the leading section of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, this electrode slice and piezoelectric ceramic piece are arranged between back shroud and front shroud, insulating sleeve is embedded on four piezoelectric ceramic piece inner hole walls, pretension bolt is by above-mentioned back shroud, electrode slice, piezoelectric ceramic piece, front shroud is connected with insulating sleeve, be fixed together, this pretension bolt is the M12 bolt of long 50mm.This back shroud is a column member, and centre has stepped hole, and for passing pretension bolt, material is No. 45 steel; This piezoelectric ceramic piece is circular, and material is PZT-8; This electrode slice is similarly circular, and material is brass; This front shroud is column member, and central part has screw, and for connecting pretension bolt, material is TC4; This insulating sleeve is tubular elements, and material is ABS plastic, more than constitutes longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, thus the electric energy that ultrasonic power exports is converted to the mechanical energy of piezoelectric ceramic piece vibration.
Described ultrasonic amplitude transformer is Y type shape part, and comprise ultrasonic transformer index section and ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section, the position relationship between them is: ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section is arranged on the front end of index section, forms an entirety with ultrasonic transformer index section.Described ultrasonic transformer index section material is TC4, four helicla flutes are opened on its surface, extensional vibration for being produced by described extensional vibration transducer is partly converted to twisting vibration, by adjusting four spiral fluted appearance and sizes, longitudinal vibration frequency and torsional frequency can be made to reach consistent, thus raising energy conversion efficiency, ultrasonic transformer index section also has the effect of amplifying amplitude; Described ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section shape is a cylinder, and material is TC4, and for being connected with process tool, its diameter is determined according to the diameter of cutter, can use ER chuck with the connected mode of cutter or be threaded.
Wherein, described longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer and the resonant frequency of ultrasonic amplitude transformer are between 20KHz ~ 28KHz.
Wherein, described longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer uses the piezoelectric ceramic piece that four polarised directions are contrary, material is PZT-8.
Wherein, described ultrasonic amplitude transformer index section spiral fluted helix around enveloping surface be round platform.
3, advantage and effect: the present invention by outputing four helicla flutes on ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the extensional vibration passed over by longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer is partly converted to twisting vibration, thus obtains extensional vibration component and twisting vibration component at ultrasonic amplitude transformer end simultaneously.The present invention has given up the pressured electroceramics shear-polarization that uses in some documents to realize the method for twisting vibration, longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer only need be utilized can to realize longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration, enormously simplify the processed complex degree of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibrating device, cost is low; In addition, compared to the mode that the ultrasonic transformer in some documents oblique notches, twisting vibration component of the present invention is larger, and efficiency is higher, has a extensive future.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the axle that waits of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device measures intention.
Fig. 2 is the profile of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device along axis.
Fig. 3 is the profile of ultrasonic amplitude transformer and front shroud joint.
Fig. 4 is ultrasonic amplitude transformer index section helicla flute modeling schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the speed vector figure of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device when Natural Frequency of Longitudinal Vibration.
Fig. 6 is the speed vector figure of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device when torsion vibration natural frequencies.
Number in the figure illustrates: 1. back shroud, 2. piezoelectric ceramic piece, 3.a electrode slice, 4. front shroud, 5. helicla flute, 6. ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section, 7. pretension bolt, 8. insulating sleeve, 9.b electrode slice, 10. ultrasonic transformer index section, 11. ultrasonic powers, 12. is fan-shaped, 13. helixes
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device, comprise longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer and ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the pretension bolt 7 that described longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer comprises back shroud 1, four piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2, a electrode slice 3, front shroud 4, insulating sleeve 8, b electrode slice 9 and above-mentioned six parts coupled together; The two panels polarised direction that these four piezoelectric ceramic pieces are adjacent is contrary, and a electrode slice is connected with the output of ultrasonic power 11, and b electrode slice 9 is connected with the earth terminal of ultrasonic power 11; The effect of insulating sleeve 8 prevents ultrasonic power 11 short circuit.Described ultrasonic amplitude transformer and front shroud 4 are designed to an entirety, to reduce loss when ultrasonic energy transmits between ultrasonic amplitude transformer and front shroud 4 contact surface, this ultrasonic amplitude transformer comprises ultrasonic transformer index section 10 and ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section 6, the amplitude that ultrasonic transformer index section 10 exports for amplifying longitudinal ultrasonic transducer, simultaneously, the ultrasonic energy of extensional vibration is partly converted to torsional vibration energy by four helicla flutes 5 in ultrasonic transformer index section 10, makes ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section 6 end obtain extensional vibration component and twisting vibration component simultaneously.
Fig. 3,4 is depicted as the modeling process schematic diagram of helicla flute in modeling software, first, the end face of front shroud 4 makes that four drift angles are right angle fan-shaped 12, four fan-shaped centers of circle are on two orthogonal diameters of the circle of 10mm and the intersection point of circumference at radius, and adjacent fan-shaped two adjacent limits are parallel to each other; Secondly, in ultrasonic transformer index section 10, with fan-shaped 12 be profile, with helix 13 for scanning excision is carried out in path, obtain four helicla flutes, the forming process of described helix 13 is as follows: the angle that helix 13 rotates about the axis is 108 °, considers the rigidity requirement of ultrasonic transformer index section 10, helix 13 is designed to tapered screw line, its tapering is 1:10, namely helix 13 around enveloping surface be take 20mm as basal diameter, 10mm is end face diameter, high be the side of the round platform of 50mm.
Back shroud 1 material therefor is No. 45 steel, and diameter is 50mm, and length is 27mm; The specification of piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 is Φ 50mm × Φ 15mm × 5mm, and material is PZT-8; The material of two arrays of electrodes sheet is brass, and thickness is 0.5mm, and the material of insulating sleeve 8 is ABS plastic, and specification is Φ 15mm × Φ 13mm × 18mm; The material of front shroud 4 is TC4, and diameter is 50mm, and length is 42mm; Pretension bolt 7 is M12 bolts of long 50mm, and material is 40Cr, Quenching Treatment; The material of described ultrasonic amplitude transformer is TC4, and the length of ultrasonic transformer index section 10 is 50mm, and the diameter of ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section 6 is 15mm, and length is 43.5mm.
When using longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device, be connected with a electrode slice 3 by the earth terminal of ultrasonic power 11, output is connected with b electrode slice 9.After energising, four piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 are due to the effect of inverse piezoelectric effect, the longitudinal extension vibration of certain frequency can be produced, the vibration produced is transmitted to the end face of front shroud 4 by front shroud 4, a part of extensional vibration energy wherein continues to propagate by ultrasonic transformer index section 10, another part extensional vibration energy converts twisting vibration to due to the effect of helicla flute 5, simultaneously, the amplitude of extensional vibration and twisting vibration is amplified by the Amplitude amplification effect of ultrasonic transformer index section 10, extensional vibration and twisting vibration are transmitted to ultrasonic amplitude transformer cylindrical section end by ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section 6 again, if add process tool in ultrasonic amplitude transformer end, then cutter ends just can obtain extensional vibration and twisting vibration simultaneously, thus the longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration needed for being formed.
Utilizing finite element analysis software to carrying out model analysis, simplified analysis model under the prerequisite not affecting precision, ignoring the impact of pretension bolt 7, two arrays of electrodes sheet, insulating sleeve 8, with Simplified analysis process.The result display of longitrorse resonance ultrasonic machining device model analysis, the longitudinal vibration intrinsic frequency of device is 25390Hz, torsion vibration natural frequencies is 25422Hz, speed vector figure under Natural Frequency of Longitudinal Vibration and torsion vibration natural frequencies as shown in Figure 5,6, known, when the frequency of ultrasonic power is between 25390Hz ~ 25422Hz, longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration done by processing unit (plant).
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention and oneself, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device, it is characterized in that: it comprises longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer and ultrasonic amplitude transformer, ultrasonic amplitude transformer is arranged on the front end of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, and link together with longitudinal ultrasonic vibration overall transducer, eliminate middle coupling part, thus avoid loss when ultrasonic energy transmits between two parts;
Described longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer comprises back shroud, piezoelectric ceramic piece, electrode slice, front shroud, insulating sleeve and the pretension bolt for being connected and fixed and compressing above several parts; This back shroud is in the rearward end of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, this front shroud is in the leading section of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, this electrode slice and piezoelectric ceramic piece are arranged between back shroud and front shroud, insulating sleeve is embedded on four piezoelectric ceramic piece inner hole walls, above-mentioned back shroud, electrode slice, piezoelectric ceramic piece, front shroud and insulating sleeve are connected and fixed by pretension bolt, and this pretension bolt is the M12 bolt of long 50mm; This back shroud is a column member, and centre has stepped hole, and for passing pretension bolt, material is No. 45 steel; This piezoelectric ceramic piece is circular, and material is PZT-8; This electrode slice is similarly circular, and material is brass; This front shroud is column member, and central part has screw, and for connecting pretension bolt, material is TC4; This insulating sleeve is tubular elements, and material is ABS plastic, more than constitutes ultrasonic longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer, thus the electric energy that ultrasonic power exports is converted to the mechanical energy of piezoelectric ceramic piece vibration;
Described ultrasonic amplitude transformer is Y type shape part, and comprise ultrasonic transformer index section and ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section, ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section is arranged on the front end of ultrasonic transformer index section, forms an entirety with ultrasonic transformer index section; Described ultrasonic transformer index section material is TC4, four helicla flutes are opened on its surface, extensional vibration for being produced by described longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer is partly converted to twisting vibration, by adjusting four spiral fluted appearance and sizes, longitudinal vibration frequency and torsional frequency is made to reach consistent, thus raising energy conversion efficiency, ultrasonic transformer index section also has the effect of amplifying amplitude; Described ultrasonic transformer cylindrical section shape is a cylinder, and material is TC4, and for being connected with process tool, its diameter is determined according to the diameter of cutter, uses ER chuck with the connected mode of cutter or is threaded.
2. a kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer and the resonant frequency of ultrasonic amplitude transformer are between 20KHz ~ 28KHz.
3. a kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described longitudinal ultrasonic vibration transducer uses the piezoelectric ceramic piece that four polarised directions are contrary, material is PZT-8.
4. a kind of longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration processing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described ultrasonic amplitude transformer index section spiral fluted helix around enveloping surface be round platform.
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