CN103914407B - A kind of SD card power down protection, restoration methods and the SD card with power down protection - Google Patents
A kind of SD card power down protection, restoration methods and the SD card with power down protection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of SD card power down protection and restoration methods, during whole payment transaction, need to write data to flash or the data of amendment flash if there is order, then start power down protection mechanism, it is exactly performing an order when, this order needs to write the data in real data district, first write data in backup area, after data being write at backup area, again backup area data are write data according to realistic objective data field, after the data of backup area are completely written to real data district, also need to the mark of 0xFAFAFAFA, write last four bytes in the general status district of backup area；Described method uses and recycles and natural increase mode; realize the write of backup area data and information; the number of times of erasing minimizes; and it is prevented from a position repeatedly to wipe; write, maximizes and employs backup area, it is achieved that write balance; both extend the life-span of embedded device, achieve again power-down protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power down protection to SD card and power loss recovery.
Background technology
Measuring, controlling; in the application in financial payment field etc.; often require that embedded device is in the data of write storage device; the generation of the situations such as read write line scope power down will not be moved apart because of power supply power-fail or card; and exist and write deficiency of data, in causing system, data are inconsistent, and this just requires have power down protection mechanism to embedded system; ensure that storage data consistency, integrity.Power down protection generally can use following three kinds of methods: one is adjunction uninterrupted power source; whole system is allowed to work on when power down; two is to use backup battery; the data in inside and outside RAM are allowed not lose when power supply power-fail; when being powered back up; data in RAM can be intact, the content of all or part of data storage cell in protection system after power down；Three is to use software and hardware combining mode to realize power-down protection; when carrying out data storage, first embedded internal storage device backs up, after power-down rebooting; the data of backup area are written in real target area by the information in software detection power down backup area.
The defect of background technology: in actual applications due at card; or in the embedded device of the smaller size smaller such as SD card; method one; method two causes volume big owing to requiring to there is certain circuit; cost is high, should not use, so in card or SD card etc. are applied; the mode of the general software and hardware combining using method three, it is achieved the process of power down protection.
Summary of the invention
In view of backup and the flash all used in embedded device of preservation data; and flash has the life-span of certain erasable number of times; and current flash; the capacity of especially nand flash is increasing; change for the capacity of flash is less sensitive, so present invention employs a kind of power-off protection method writing balance for flash.
It is an object of the invention to complete by the way of software and hardware combining: 1) realize power-down protection, it is ensured that the effectiveness of data, integrity；2) backup area write balance, it is ensured that equipment life.
The flash data memory partitioning of embedded device is two regions, is backup area and data field respectively.Two pieces it are divided into again: a part is as recording the general status region of whole backup area situation, and another part is as the data area backed up at backup area.
Embedded device carries out data storage operations when, first have to write data into backup area, particularly during amendment target area data, need first by target area data read-out, corresponding data is revised in the internal memory RAM of equipment, then it is written to backup area as overall data, then carries out target area erasing operation, then the data of backup area are written in target data district.During the write backup area of said process, write backup area certain situation be written in the general status region of backup area.Have recorded when writing in this general status region every time, a relative recording will be increased: this record includes that the initial address of backup area data field is (owing to our technical scheme requires that the data being written to back up region are recurrent wrIting, so initial address is being continually changing, such as one order needs write flash8 time, then these data to be written in the backup area of flash successively, but write the situation of these data and only write 1 time in overall record: the number of times (8 record) of the common write of the initial address of new backup area+include.It is first to record initial address in the overall recording areas of backup area every time, after the data field of backup area writes data, again at the realistic border Backup Data bar number of the overall recording areas of backup area, and after data are finally written to actual data area, also need to write 1 word table and shown ablation process, be equivalent to this backup and cancel.If having occurred as soon as power-down conditions in the data writing backup area, then after restarting, first system reads the last item of the overall recording areas of backup area; without the mark completing write; illustrate that there is power down protection situation occurs, and needs to start power loss recovery function, completes data and finally write.If the most only initial address, and actual bar number is 0, then explanation simply power down backup, but backup does not complete, but power down occurs in backup engineering, then from record start position, until finding the new address date being not used to start, again as the initial address in backup region, and this instruction being equivalent to backup does not run, it is ensured that the integrity of data and concordance.
The data form in the general status region of backup area be presented herein below:
This backup of data field Backup Data record number (4) wiping Backup Data regional address (4) backup area data field initial address (4) backup area last time has been written into real data distinctive emblem symbol (4)
Wherein:
Wiped last time Backup Data regional address refer to when backup area data field due to be circulation write, Backup Data regional address was wiped last time so needing to record, as current border, if behind border, need to wipe the backup area of certain area, it is ensured that the data field of backup area can write new data；
Backup area data field initial address refers to that this order carries out the initial address of data write (or rewriting), if Backup Data writes the greatest physical border of backup area, need then to write data from backup area minimal physical border, it is achieved the purpose of recurrent wrIting；
Data field Backup Data record number refers to that this order creates altogether how many Backup Datas；
It is 0xFAFAFAFA that this backup has been written into real data distinctive emblem symbol.
A record, and natural increase can be increased in the general status region of backup area: i.e. when writing a new general status record, usually find last general status record, followed by down writing the order of data write performs when.When data increase to the edge in general status region of backup area when, need to be written to other specific region, one general status record of this region keeping records.Behind the general status recording areas wiping whole backup area, again just now backuping to the first address write from backup area general status region of that general status record of specific region, wipe that general status record of corresponding specific region the most again, this ensure that general status recording areas integrity and the concordance of backup area.
In order to ensure that Backup Data is easy-to-look-up, we are also adopted by a given data form at the data in the data area of write backup area, use variable-length record LV mode to realize, and the form of each record is:
Length l (2) destination address a (4) data d (X) verification data c(XOR (1)).
Wherein length l refers to the whole data (length of data d) to be write, destination address a refers to the address in the target data district that Backup Data is to be write, data d are the data being actually subjected to write, verification data c be the verification to data d and, the data that its purpose has two: guarantee to be written to backup area are effective, ensure that the data being written to target area in the future are also effective, another one is when verifying that power down occurs in backup area, can help to verify last data validity, so that it is determined that the position of last backup area data field used；The data area of backup area is owing to comprising length in data organizational structure, and verification and, so according to a upper data position, data position can be calculated, the to the last next byte of a Data Position finished writing, followed by writing new data.And data can be allowed to be capable of recycling the data area of backup area, in other words, owing to have recorded the initial address of the data area of new backup area in the general status recording areas backing up region, as long as we write data according to new initial address, if having arrived the border of the data area in backup region, then then can write from the little boundary address of physics in backup region, be equivalent to recycle the data area in backup region, after being entirely written to data field, just continue executing with command below.And the most not wiping the data of backup area, simply adjust backup area original position and the record number of write data, such mechanism ensures the integrity of backup area recording status, effectiveness.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, disclosing the power-off protection method of a kind of SD card, described method comprises the steps:
After SD card start-up, it may be judged whether have power down protection data, whether it is 0xFAFAFAFA according to last 4 bytes of backup area general status record, it is judged that whether power-down conditions occurs；
If above-mentioned last four bytes are not 0xFAFAFAFA, then judge it is to there occurs power down, after entering power loss recovery flow process, enter write and the amendment step judging whether to relate to flash data, if last four bytes are 0xFAFAFAFA, then judge when last time, SD exited, be not due to what power down caused, be directly entered write and the amendment step judging whether to relate to flash data；
Judge whether to relate to the write of flash data and amendment: when processing payment transaction commands, if this order is not related to write and the amendment of flash data, then terminate the method flow process；If order has related to write and the amendment of flash data, then go successively to determine this time backup original position step；
When the write of needs flash data or amendment, according to last record in backup area general status district, determine and this time back up original position；
When toward backup area general status district's write record, first determine whether whether backup area general status district is write full, if not writing full, then write the backup original position determined in step, if writing full, backup original position being written to ad-hoc location, wiping backup area general status district, and write back backup area general status district original position, and wipe the data of ad-hoc location；
The data that will write are organized in RAM；
Writing data into the data field of backup area according to backup initial address, write a duplicated record, record number increases by 1, calculates and new writes Backup Data address；Until the data that be there is a need to backup to be all written to the data field of backup area, calculate total record number of current backup；
The total record number backed up specifically is written to last 4 bytes in general status district of backup area；
Find Backup Data initial address and record strip number to find Backup Data according to backup area general status, protect, according to Backup Data, the data actual target address contained and write data area one by one, complete data write；
0xFAFAFAFA is indicated, writes backup last 4 bytes of general status, complete the data in the case of power down protection and really write work, then perform next instruction, enter into write and the amendment step cycle judging whether to relate to flash data.
Wherein, it is judged that whether backup area general status district is write is full of the space judging at least 12 bytes.
According to another implementation of the invention, also disclosing a kind of power loss recovery method of SD card, described method comprises the steps:
Judge whether ad-hoc location has backup area general status data, in erasing backup area general status data, power down occurs if be described, then the data of ad-hoc location are write the starting position in general status region, are wiped the data of ad-hoc location the most again by erasing backup area general status region；
Judge whether that backup area data field is imperfect, if, back up initial address according to general status region in then needing finally to record to begin look for, head according to the every data in data field it is known that data length and verification and, thus know that data are actually written into situation and incomplete record strip number scale is 0xFDFDFDFD, and increasing a record, address is the FA final address+1 in the backup region determining incompleteness, and is write bar number as 0xFEFEFEFE；
Judge whether to write the power down of real data district, if last 4 bytes that backup area general status finally records are not 0xFAFAFAFA, then need to read the Data Area data of backup area；The data in Qu Du real data district compare, and complete the write work of final data, in last 4 bytes in the general status district that 0xFAFAFAFA is finally written to backup area, complete power loss recovery and all work.
Wherein judge whether backup area data field imperfect be that in general status record, bar number is the situation of 0.
According to another implementation of the invention; also disclose a kind of SD card that can carry out power down protection; described SD card includes SD controller and is loaded with the safety chip of financial payment function COS; wherein SD interface is responsible for by SD controller; and connect high capability flash data storage; and the safety chip being loaded with financial payment function COS realizes financial payment function; described flash memory is equipped with the data of payment process, and described SD is stuck in when carrying out power down protection and can perform power-off protection method as above.
According to another implementation of the invention, also disclose a kind of SD card that can carry out power loss recovery, described SD card includes SD controller and is loaded with the safety chip of financial payment function COS, wherein SD interface is responsible for by SD controller, and connect high capability flash data storage, and the safety chip being loaded with financial payment function COS realizes financial payment function, described flash memory is equipped with the data of payment process, and described SD is stuck in when carrying out power loss recovery and can perform power loss recovery method as above.
The key point of the present invention:
1) power down protection of the present invention uses software and hardware mode to realize
2) data storage part of the embedded device of the present invention uses flash, from software respective, we say that flash is divided into data field and backup area.Backup area is divided into again backup area general status recording areas, and backup area data field two parts.
3) backup area general status district is when embedded system performs an order needing data to store, just record the general status record of a backup area data field, it is not to rewrite, but order is down write, after writing completely, last record is written to ad-hoc location, wipe again, it is ensured that the erasable number of times in whole backup area general status recording areas reduces, and not in the problem that a place is the most erasable；
4) backup area data field then utilizes certain data structure, writing backup data successively, need not back up and wipe after being finished, can until the border that the physics writing backup area data field when Backup Data is maximum time, can then write from the physics minimum border of backup area data field again, realize recycling the data field of backup area, when the size that the unwritten parts in Backup Data district sets less than us, it is possible to start erasing from our address to be backed up.
The effect of the present invention: use and recycle and natural increase mode; realize the write of backup area data and information; the number of times of erasing minimizes, and is prevented from a position and repeatedly wipes, write; maximization employs backup area; achieve and write balance, both extended the life-span of embedded device, achieved again power-down protection; ensure that the effectiveness of data, integrity simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure of SD in prior art；
Accompanying drawing 2 is the power down protection mechanism of the SD card that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Accompanying drawing 3 is the power loss recovery mechanism of the SD card that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Detailed description of the invention
In the SD card of financial payment, SD card (as shown in Figure 1) the inner SD of including controller and the safety chip being loaded with financial payment function COS, wherein SD interface is responsible for by SD controller, and connect high capability flash data storage, and the safety chip being loaded with financial payment function COS realizes financial payment function.Flash memory is had in this safety chip, in equipped with the data of payment process, owing to relating to the reliable and stable of finance data, special requirement are during whole payment transaction, and data will not be owing to occurring that during write flash power down causes data write to interrupt and causes data the problems such as mistake occur.Simultaneously flash itself have necessarily write erasing the life-span also be need consider problem.The software approach including power down protection in our COS program the most well solves the problems referred to above.
Flash in safety chip defines two parts to ensure the data consistency of data cut-off protection from software respective: a part is real data district, and a part is backup area, and defines for Backup Data district in backup area, and backup general status district.During whole payment transaction; need to write data to flash or the data of amendment flash if there is order; then start our power down protection mechanism: be exactly performing an order when; this order needs to write the data in real data district; first writing data in backup area, data composition certain format, including destination address; data length, and verification and etc..And the overall condition writing the data to backup area is written in backup area general status district; initial address including backup; the record of current backup has how many; after data being write at backup area; again backup area data are write data according to realistic objective data field, after the data of backup area are completely written to real data district, in addition it is also necessary to the mark of 0xFAFAFAFA; write last four bytes in the general status district of backup area, this completes whole power down protection process.The relevant treatment on special problems such as some that there are certainly and backup area write, are discussed in detail power down protection situation (as shown in Figure 2) now:
1), after SD card start-up, it may be judged whether have power down protection data, whether it is 0xFAFAFAFA according to last 4 bytes of backup area general status record, it is judged that whether power-down conditions occurs；
2) if not 0xFAFAFAFA, then enter power loss recovery flow process (being described below), during if it is, last time, SD exited, be not due to what power down caused, carry out normal payment transaction commands process；
3) when processing payment transaction commands, if this order is not related to write and the amendment of flash data, power down protection mechanism is not the most started；
4) if order has related to write and the amendment of flash data, then power down protection mechanism is started；When the write of needs flash data or amendment, according to last record in backup area general status district, determine and this time back up original position；
5) when toward backup area general status district's write record, first determine whether whether backup area general status district writes full (judging the space of at least 12 bytes), if not writing full, then write the backup original position determined in step, if writing full, backup original position being written to ad-hoc location, wiping backup area general status district, and write back backup area general status district original position, and wipe the data of ad-hoc location；
6) data that will write are organized in RAM；
7) writing data into the data field of backup area according to backup initial address, write a duplicated record, record number increases by 1, calculates and new writes Backup Data address；Until the data that be there is a need to backup to be all written to the data field of backup area, calculate total record number of current backup；
8) the total record number backed up specifically is written to last 4 bytes in general status district of backup area；
9) find Backup Data initial address and record strip number to find Backup Data according to backup area general status, protect, according to Backup Data, the data actual target address contained and write data area one by one, complete data write；
10) 0xFAFAFAFA is indicated, write backup last 4 bytes of general status, complete the data in the case of power down protection and really write work, then perform next instruction (entering into step 3 to circulate).
And after SD card re-powers, after the COS of the financial payment in safety chip in SD starts, it is first determined whether there is power-down conditions, the most last 4 bytes of data according to backup general status district record are 0xFAFAFAFA, the most there is not power-down conditions, COS carries out normal financial payment and mass data storage.And if last four bytes are not 0xFAFAFAFA, then there is power-down conditions in explanation, needs to be processed by power down protection Restoration Mechanism.When power down protection recovers; first determine whether the power-down conditions being when occur; these can be by the data in backup general status district and backup area data; even compare in the data with write real data district; confirming that power-down conditions occurs to process the most accordingly, power loss recovery situation (as shown in Figure 3) is specifically described as follows:
1) judging whether ad-hoc location has backup area general status data, in erasing backup area general status data, power down occurring if be described, then erasing backup area general status region.The data of ad-hoc location are write the starting position in general status region, wipes the data of ad-hoc location the most again；
2) backup area data field imperfect (in general status record, bar number is the situation of 0) is judged whether, if zero, back up initial address according to general status region in then needing finally to record to begin look for, head according to the every data in data field it is known that data length and verification and, thus know that data are actually written into situation and incomplete record strip number scale is 0xFDFDFDFD, and increase a record, address is the FA final address+1 in the backup region determining incompleteness, and is write bar number as 0xFEFEFEFE；
3) judge whether to write the power down of real data district, if last 4 bytes that backup area general status finally records are not 0xFAFAFAFA, then need to read the Data Area data of backup area；The data in Qu Du real data district compare, and complete the write work of final data, in last 4 bytes in the general status district that 0xFAFAFAFA is finally written to backup area, complete power loss recovery and all work.
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention; and not limitation of the present invention; those of ordinary skill about technical field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; the technical scheme of the most all equivalents falls within scope of the invention, and the scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. the power-off protection method of a SD card, it is characterised in that described method comprises the steps:
After SD card start-up, it may be judged whether have power down protection data, according to last 4 bytes of backup area general status record it is whether
0xFAFAFAFA, it is judged that whether power-down conditions occurs；
If above-mentioned last four bytes are not 0xFAFAFAFA, then judge it is to there occurs power down, after entering power loss recovery flow process,
Enter write and the amendment step judging whether to relate to flash data, if last four bytes are 0xFAFAFAFA, then judge
When last time, SD exited, it is not due to what power down caused, is directly entered write and the amendment step judging whether to relate to flash data；
Judge whether to relate to the write of flash data and amendment: when processing payment transaction commands, if this order is not related to flash
The write of data and amendment, then terminate the method flow process；If order has related to write and the amendment of flash data, then continue
Entrance determines this time backup original position step；
Determine and this time back up original position: when the write of needs flash data or amendment, according to last of backup area general status district
Individual record, determines and this time backs up original position；
When toward backup area general status district's write record, first determining whether whether backup area general status district is write full, if not writing full, then writing
The backup original position determined in upper step, if writing full, being written to backup original position ad-hoc location, wiping backup area
General status district, and write back backup area general status district original position, and wipe the data of ad-hoc location；
The data that will write are organized in RAM；
Writing data into the data field of backup area according to backup initial address, write a duplicated record, record number increases by 1, calculates new
Write Backup Data address；Until the data that be there is a need to backup to be all written to the data field of backup area, calculate current backup
Total record number；
The total record number backed up specifically is written to last 4 bytes in general status district of backup area；
Find Backup Data initial address and record strip number to find Backup Data according to backup area general status, protect according to Backup Data and contain
Data actual target address write data area one by one, complete data write；
0xFAFAFAFA is indicated, writes backup last 4 bytes of general status, complete the data in the case of power down protection true
Just write work, then performing next instruction, enter into write and the amendment step cycle judging whether to relate to flash data.
The power-off protection method of SD card the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein judge backup area general status district
Whether write and be full of the space judging at least 12 bytes.
3. the power loss recovery method of a SD card, it is characterised in that described method comprises the steps:
Judging whether ad-hoc location has backup area general status data, in erasing backup area general status data, power down occurring if be described,
Then the data of ad-hoc location are write the starting position in general status region, are wiped by erasing backup area general status region
The data of ad-hoc location；
Judge whether that backup area data field is imperfect, if it is, back up initial address in needing finally to record according to general status region
Begin look for, according to the head of the every data in data field it is known that data length and verification and, thus know that data are actually written into feelings
Condition, is 0xFDFDFDFD by incomplete record strip number scale, and increases a record, and address is the backup region determining incompleteness
FA final address+1, and write bar number as 0xFEFEFEFE；
Judge whether to write the power down of real data district, if last 4 bytes that backup area general status finally records are not
0xFAFAFAFA, then need to read the Data Area data of backup area；The data in Qu Du real data district compare, and complete
Become the write work of final data, in last 4 bytes in the general status district that finally 0xFAFAFAFA is written to backup area,
Complete power loss recovery all to work.
4. the power loss recovery method of SD card as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that wherein judge whether backup area data field not
Completely refer to that in general status record, bar number is the situation of 0.
5. the SD card that can carry out power down protection, it is characterised in that described SD card includes SD controller and is loaded with financial payment
The safety chip of function COS, wherein SD interface is responsible for by SD controller, and connects high capability flash data storage, and
The safety chip being loaded with financial payment function COS realizes financial payment function, and described flash data memorizer is equipped with payment process
Data, described SD is stuck in when carrying out power down protection and can perform power-off protection method as claimed in claim 1.
6. the SD card that can carry out power loss recovery, it is characterised in that described SD card includes SD controller and is loaded with financial payment
The safety chip of function COS, wherein SD interface is responsible for by SD controller, and connects high capability flash data storage, and carries
The safety chip having financial payment function COS realizes financial payment function, and described flash data memorizer is equipped with payment process
Data, described SD is stuck in when carrying out power loss recovery and can perform power loss recovery method as claimed in claim 3.
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