CN103913006A - Floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on air source heat pump technology - Google Patents

Floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on air source heat pump technology Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN103913006A
CN103913006A CN201410177548.3A CN201410177548A CN103913006A CN 103913006 A CN103913006 A CN 103913006A CN 201410177548 A CN201410177548 A CN 201410177548A CN 103913006 A CN103913006 A CN 103913006A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
floor heating
type device
condenser
valve
air conditioning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201410177548.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN103913006B (en
Inventor
杜贤平
杭文斌
华青梅
何航
徐智升
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kochem Electric Appliance Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Kochem Electric Appliance Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kochem Electric Appliance Co Ltd filed Critical Kochem Electric Appliance Co Ltd
Priority to CN201410177548.3A priority Critical patent/CN103913006B/en
Publication of CN103913006A publication Critical patent/CN103913006A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103913006B publication Critical patent/CN103913006B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Landscapes

  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on an air source heat pump technology. The floor heating and air conditioning integrated device comprises a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, expansion valve and other assemblies. In the heating process, the compressor, a four-way valve, the condenser, a single-way valve bridge-type device (A-D), a liquid accumulator, the expansion valve, a single-way valve bridge-type device (B-C), the evaporator, a gas-liquid separator and the compressor are sequentially connected to form a circulation; in the refrigerating process, the compressor, the four-way valve, the evaporator, a single-way valve bridge-type device (C-D), the liquid accumulator, the expansion valve, a single-way valve bridge-type device (B-A), the condenser, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor are sequentially connected to form a circulation. The floor heating and air conditioning integrated device has the advantages of being suitable for installation spaces different in size, simple in structure, low in cost, small in size, convenient to control and the like.

Description

Floor heating based on air source heat pump technology and air conditioning integrated apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of floor heating and air conditioning integrated apparatus based on air source heat pump technology.
Background technology
General family or small space refrigeration heating capital equipment are Domestic separating air-conditionings, and the refrigeration heating system of large space is mainly central air-conditioning, and ground warm device is various boilers.Along with the restriction of disposable energy of coal, oil, these non-renewable energy resources of gas is used, the factors such as electric heating power consumption, these products are faced with the condition being eliminated; Along with the development of air source heat pump technology, with air source heat pump freeze, heating accepted by masses gradually, if but adopt several independent equipment to heat, freeze, the equipment dropping into can be a lot, numerous shortcomings such as input cost is high, floor space is large, it is high to consume energy, installation and troublesome poeration; Also there is part large space to adopt air source heat pump three alliance units, be air-conditioning, floor heating, hot water integrated machine, but internal part is various, complex structure, volume is large, cost is high, not being suitable for family or small space uses, and winter, water heating was wanted in heating simultaneously, Energy Efficiency Ratio is low, and heating is slow, and cooling and warming can not regulate automatically.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the weak point existing in above-mentioned prior art for avoiding, provide a kind of simple in structure, cost is low, volume is little, be applicable to the installing spaces of different sizes and control the floor heating based on air source heat pump technology easily and air conditioning integrated apparatus, to be suitable for the use in different big or small spaces.
The present invention be technical solution problem by the following technical solutions.
Floor heating based on air source heat pump technology and air conditioning integrated apparatus, its design feature is to comprise that fan coil, fan coil magnetic valve, compressor, gas-liquid separator, evaporimeter, expansion valve, reservoir, check valve flow to setting device, condenser, circulating pump, expansion drum, floor heating magnetic valve, water knockout drum, floor heating pipeline, cross valve;
Between the delivery outlet of described condenser, be connected with the input port of condenser by floor heating magnetic valve, water knockout drum, expansion drum, circulating pump successively; One end of fan coil is connected with condenser delivery outlet by fan coil magnetic valve, and the other end of fan coil is connected between water knockout drum and expansion drum; Floor heating pipeline is connected with water knockout drum by pipeline;
The delivery outlet of described compressor is connected with described gas-liquid separator by cross valve, and described gas-liquid separator is connected with the input port of described compressor; Described evaporimeter is all connected with described cross valve with described condenser;
Described condenser is also connected with the A port of described check valve bridge-type device, the B port of described check valve bridge-type device is connected with described reservoir by described expansion valve, described reservoir is also directly connected with the D port of described check valve bridge-type device, and the C port of described check valve bridge-type device is connected with described evaporimeter.
Floor heating based on air source heat pump technology of the present invention and the design feature of air conditioning integrated apparatus are also:
Described evaporimeter one side is blower fan.
Fan coil and floor heating pipeline in described condenser one side parallel connection.
Described fan coil magnetic valve and described floor heating magnetic valve are coordinated type magnetic valve.
Described check valve bridge-type device comprises four check valves, and described four check valves join end to end and form a check valve bridge-type device.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
Floor heating and air conditioning integrated apparatus based on air source heat pump technology of the present invention, to flow to setting device by compressor, condenser, evaporimeter and expansion valve, check valve to form and heat the refrigeration working medium circulatory system, water forms heat exchange circulation system by water circulating pump and condenser, hot water after heat exchange or cold water regulate indoor air temperature by floor heating pipeline or fan coil, it is characterized in that: said system is simple in structure, cost is low; Volume is little, is applicable to the installing space of different sizes; Can control separately, preferential control and alliance control, free setting, easy to use; Cooling and warming adopts different systems, automatically regulates, and Energy Efficiency Ratio is high, saves the energy; Temperature constant, more comfortable.
Changes in temperature free adjustment of the present invention, control for interior space temperature is original and different, overcome the technological deficiency of three alliances, make up that air conditioning function is single, short slab and the cooling and warming of power consumption can not freely regulated problems, have the human oriented design such as energy-conserving and environment-protective, comfortable health and superelevation cost performance concurrently.
Floor heating and air conditioning integrated apparatus based on air source heat pump technology of the present invention, has and is applicable to the installing spaces of different sizes, the advantage such as simple in structure, cost is low, volume is little, control is convenient.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure is floor heating based on air source heat pump technology of the present invention and the systematic schematic diagram of air conditioning integrated apparatus.
Label in accompanying drawing 1: 1 fan coil, 2 fan coil magnetic valves, 3 compressors, 4 gas-liquid separators, 5 evaporimeters, 6 blower fans, 7 expansion valves, 8 reservoirs, 9 check valve bridge-type devices, 10 condensers, 11 circulating pumps, 12 expansion drums, 13 floor heating magnetic valves, 14 water knockout drums, 15 floor heating pipelines, 16 cross valves.
Below pass through detailed description of the invention, and the invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to Fig. 1, floor heating based on air source heat pump technology and air conditioning integrated apparatus, it comprises fan coil 1, fan coil magnetic valve 2, compressor 3, gas-liquid separator 4, evaporimeter 5, expansion valve 7, reservoir 8, check valve bridge-type device 9, condenser 10, circulating pump 11, expansion drum 12, floor heating magnetic valve 13, water knockout drum 14, floor heating pipeline 15, cross valve 16;
Between the delivery outlet of described condenser 10, be connected with the input port of condenser 10 by floor heating magnetic valve 13, water knockout drum 14, expansion drum 12, circulating pump 11 successively; One end of fan coil 1 is connected with condenser 10 delivery outlets by fan coil magnetic valve 2, and the other end of fan coil 1 is connected between water knockout drum 14 and expansion drum 12; Floor heating pipeline 15 is connected with water knockout drum 14 by pipeline;
The delivery outlet of described compressor 3 is connected with described gas-liquid separator 4 by cross valve 16, and described gas-liquid separator 4 is connected with the input port of described compressor 3; Described evaporimeter 5 is all connected with described cross valve 16 with described condenser 10;
Described condenser 10 is also connected with the A port of described check valve bridge-type device 9, the B port of described check valve bridge-type device 9 is connected with described reservoir 8 by described expansion valve 7, described reservoir 8 is also directly connected with the D port of described check valve bridge-type device 9, and the C port of described check valve bridge-type device 9 is connected with described evaporimeter 5.
Described evaporimeter (5) one sides are blower fan (6).
Fan coil 1 and floor heating pipeline 15 in described condenser 10 1 side parallel connections.
Described fan coil magnetic valve 2 and described floor heating magnetic valve 13 are coordinated type magnetic valve.
Described check valve bridge-type device 9 comprises four check valves, and described four check valves join end to end and form a check valve bridge-type device 9.
Floor heating pipeline is connected with water knockout drum by pipeline; While heating, compressor, cross valve, cool condenser, check valve bridge-type device (A-D), reservoir, expansion valve, check valve bridge-type device (B-C), evaporimeter, gas-liquid separator, compressor connect and compose a circulation successively; When refrigeration, compressor, cross valve, evaporimeter, check valve bridge-type device (C-D), reservoir, expansion valve, check valve bridge-type device (B-A), cool condenser, gas-liquid separator, compressor connect and compose a circulation successively.
Increase water pump at air source heat pump system, and air source heat pump and floor heating, fan coil are combined, cooling and warming can be adopted to different systems, automatically regulate according to indoor temperature, Energy Efficiency Ratio is high, saves the energy; Temperature constant, more comfortable.
Four check valves are combined into a check valve bridge-type device, make is that then the cold-producing medium flowing out from finned heat exchanger in the time of refrigeration or the cold-producing medium flowing out from efficient tank-type heat exchanger in the time heating all enter corresponding another heat exchanger by fluid reservoir and expansion valve successively, Energy Efficiency Ratio is high, has improved unit operation efficiency.
Heat process: compressor 3 is compressed into refrigerant the cold media gas of HTHP, cool through condenser 10, transfer heat to ducted WATER AS FLOW MEDIUM, now circulating pump 11 is worked, floor heating magnetic valve 13 is opened, regulate indoor air temperature by floor heating pipeline 15, the cryogenic high pressure refrigerant being cooled enters into reservoir 8 through check valve bridge-type device 9, carry out reducing pressure by regulating flow through expansion valve 7 again, refrigerant is become to the liquid of low-temp low-pressure, arrive evaporimeter 5 through check valve bridge-type device 9 again and absorb airborne heat of vaporization, flash to the gas of low temperature, now blower fan 6 is worked.The cold media gas of low temperature passes through gas-liquid separator 4 again, and refrigerant liquid is held back, and cold media gas is sucked back by compressor 3.Compress, circulation, reaches the object heating and so forth again.
Process of refrigerastion: compressor 3 is compressed into refrigerant the cold media gas of HTHP, cool through evaporimeter 5, now blower fan 6 is worked, by dissipation of heat in outdoor air, the cryogenic high pressure refrigerant being cooled enters into reservoir 8 through check valve bridge-type device 9, carry out reducing pressure by regulating flow through expansion valve 7 again, refrigerant is become to the liquid of low-temp low-pressure, arrive condenser 10 evaporation endothermics through check valve bridge-type device 9 again, reduce water temperature, now circulating pump 11 is worked, fan coil magnetic valve 2 is opened, regulate indoor air temperature by fan coil 1, the cold media gas of low temperature passes through gas-liquid separator 4 again, refrigerant liquid is held back, cold media gas is sucked back by compressor 3.Compress again, circulate and so forth, reach the object of refrigeration.

Claims (5)

1. the floor heating based on air source heat pump technology and air conditioning integrated apparatus, it is characterized in that, comprise fan coil (1), fan coil magnetic valve (2), compressor (3), gas-liquid separator (4), evaporimeter (5), expansion valve (7), reservoir (8), check valve bridge-type device (9), condenser (10), circulating pump (11), expansion drum (12), floor heating magnetic valve (13), water knockout drum (14), floor heating pipeline (15), cross valve (16);
Between the delivery outlet of described condenser (10), be connected with the input port of condenser (10) by floor heating magnetic valve (13), water knockout drum (14), expansion drum (12), circulating pump (11) successively; One end of fan coil (1) is connected with condenser (10) delivery outlet by fan coil magnetic valve (2), and the other end of fan coil (1) is connected between water knockout drum (14) and expansion drum (12); Floor heating pipeline (15) is connected with water knockout drum (14) by pipeline.
The delivery outlet of described compressor (3) is connected with described gas-liquid separator (4) by cross valve (16), and described gas-liquid separator (4) is connected with the input port of described compressor (3); Described evaporimeter (5) is all connected with described cross valve (16) with described condenser (10);
Described condenser (10) is also connected with the A port of described check valve bridge-type device (9), the B port of described check valve bridge-type device (9) is connected with described reservoir (8) by described expansion valve (7), described reservoir (8) is also directly connected with the D port of described check valve bridge-type device (9), and the C port of described check valve bridge-type device (9) is connected with described evaporimeter (5).
2. floor heating and the air conditioning integrated apparatus based on air source heat pump technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described evaporimeter (5) one sides are blower fan (6).
3. floor heating and the air conditioning integrated apparatus based on air source heat pump technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, air blower tube (1) and floor heating pipe (15) in described condenser (10) one side parallel connections.
4. floor heating and the air conditioning integrated apparatus based on air source heat pump technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fan unit pipe valve (2) and described floor heating valve (13) are coordinated type magnetic valve.
5. floor heating and the air conditioning integrated apparatus based on air source heat pump technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described check valve bridge-type device (9) comprises four check valves, and described four check valves join end to end and form a described check valve bridge-type device (9).
CN201410177548.3A 2014-04-28 2014-04-28 Floor heating based on air source heat pump technology regulates integrated apparatus with air Active CN103913006B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410177548.3A CN103913006B (en) 2014-04-28 2014-04-28 Floor heating based on air source heat pump technology regulates integrated apparatus with air

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410177548.3A CN103913006B (en) 2014-04-28 2014-04-28 Floor heating based on air source heat pump technology regulates integrated apparatus with air

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103913006A true CN103913006A (en) 2014-07-09
CN103913006B CN103913006B (en) 2016-08-24

Family

ID=51038883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201410177548.3A Active CN103913006B (en) 2014-04-28 2014-04-28 Floor heating based on air source heat pump technology regulates integrated apparatus with air

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN103913006B (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104132386A (en) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-05 康特能源科技(苏州)有限公司 Air source heat pump floor heating system
CN105910200A (en) * 2016-03-30 2016-08-31 天津大学 Double-end air source heat pump system with floor heating module made of phase change heat storage material
CN105928243A (en) * 2016-06-17 2016-09-07 科希曼电器有限公司 Combined type multifunctional heat pump system
CN110779233A (en) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-11 杭州鸿雁管道系统科技有限公司 Air source heat pump air conditioner floor heating hot water unit
CN111397054A (en) * 2020-04-30 2020-07-10 何波 Novel multifunctional air conditioner
CN111425968A (en) * 2020-03-16 2020-07-17 科希曼电器有限公司 Fan coil and floor radiation combined cooling control system and method
CN111425966A (en) * 2019-05-26 2020-07-17 李建坤 Air conditioning system using air as heat transfer medium and adopting floor radiation heating and fan coil for cooling
CN114001417A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-02-01 南通华信中央空调有限公司 Temperature and humidity separately-controlled air conditioning system and operation method thereof

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004003801A (en) * 2002-04-26 2004-01-08 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Refrigeration equipment using carbon dioxide as refrigerant
US20040065095A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-08 Cascade Manufacturing, L.P. Zone demand controlled dual air conditioning system and controller therefor
CN101231002A (en) * 2008-02-19 2008-07-30 东南大学 Multifunctional heat pump device capable of cooling and heating by floor radialization
CN101749812A (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-23 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Multifunctional Air Conditioning System
JP2010243129A (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-28 Asahi Kasei Homes Co Radiation cooling/heating system
CN202973681U (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-06-05 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 Air source heat pump machine unit and air conditioning system
CN203323229U (en) * 2013-07-08 2013-12-04 科希曼电器有限公司 Air energy water heater with floor heating function
CN203396151U (en) * 2013-06-14 2014-01-15 上海海立睿能环境技术有限公司 Triple co-generation heat pump system
CN203413874U (en) * 2013-07-13 2014-01-29 山东御嘉空调设备有限公司 Heat recovery air conditioner of air source heat pump
CN203785311U (en) * 2014-04-28 2014-08-20 科希曼电器有限公司 Floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on air source heat pump technology

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004003801A (en) * 2002-04-26 2004-01-08 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Refrigeration equipment using carbon dioxide as refrigerant
US20040065095A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-08 Cascade Manufacturing, L.P. Zone demand controlled dual air conditioning system and controller therefor
CN101231002A (en) * 2008-02-19 2008-07-30 东南大学 Multifunctional heat pump device capable of cooling and heating by floor radialization
CN101749812A (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-23 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Multifunctional Air Conditioning System
JP2010243129A (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-28 Asahi Kasei Homes Co Radiation cooling/heating system
CN202973681U (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-06-05 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 Air source heat pump machine unit and air conditioning system
CN203396151U (en) * 2013-06-14 2014-01-15 上海海立睿能环境技术有限公司 Triple co-generation heat pump system
CN203323229U (en) * 2013-07-08 2013-12-04 科希曼电器有限公司 Air energy water heater with floor heating function
CN203413874U (en) * 2013-07-13 2014-01-29 山东御嘉空调设备有限公司 Heat recovery air conditioner of air source heat pump
CN203785311U (en) * 2014-04-28 2014-08-20 科希曼电器有限公司 Floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on air source heat pump technology

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104132386A (en) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-05 康特能源科技(苏州)有限公司 Air source heat pump floor heating system
CN105910200A (en) * 2016-03-30 2016-08-31 天津大学 Double-end air source heat pump system with floor heating module made of phase change heat storage material
CN105910200B (en) * 2016-03-30 2018-12-21 天津大学 Double end air source heat pump systems with phase change heat storage material floor heating module
CN105928243A (en) * 2016-06-17 2016-09-07 科希曼电器有限公司 Combined type multifunctional heat pump system
CN111425966A (en) * 2019-05-26 2020-07-17 李建坤 Air conditioning system using air as heat transfer medium and adopting floor radiation heating and fan coil for cooling
CN110779233A (en) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-11 杭州鸿雁管道系统科技有限公司 Air source heat pump air conditioner floor heating hot water unit
CN111425968A (en) * 2020-03-16 2020-07-17 科希曼电器有限公司 Fan coil and floor radiation combined cooling control system and method
CN111397054A (en) * 2020-04-30 2020-07-10 何波 Novel multifunctional air conditioner
CN114001417A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-02-01 南通华信中央空调有限公司 Temperature and humidity separately-controlled air conditioning system and operation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103913006B (en) 2016-08-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103913006A (en) Floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on air source heat pump technology
CN100538208C (en) A kind of double-temperature refrigerator water/cold wind unit
CN201819476U (en) Direct-current frequency conversion air-conditioner with waste heat recovery device
CN102980323B (en) A kind of power heat pipe type central air-conditioner
CN106871474A (en) Air-cooled water-cooled combined air-conditioning system
CN102777995A (en) Multilevel heat pipe and heat pump compound system
CN203785311U (en) Floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on air source heat pump technology
CN202747515U (en) Multistage heat pipe and heat pump compound system
CN203116175U (en) Large space air-conditioner device of valve hall of convertor station of transmission project
CN203478742U (en) Bidirectional throttling system of air-cooled heat pump unit
CN203163097U (en) Solar air conditioner
CN109028410A (en) A kind of heat pipe air conditioner device
CN204176833U (en) A kind of energy-saving air central utilizing natural cooling source
CN211476359U (en) Constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit
CN105202825A (en) Refrigerant supercooling structure for air-conditioner and central air-conditioner
CN204176811U (en) A kind of double circulation power heat pipe formula central air-conditioning
CN203928493U (en) Earth source heat pump
CN102980265B (en) A kind of machine room base energy saving device for station air conditioner
CN202253975U (en) High-efficiency energy-saving direct evaporation combined air conditioning device in severe cold region
CN206771791U (en) Air-cooled water cooling combined air-conditioning system
CN110657600A (en) Constant temperature and humidity air conditioning unit
CN104296296A (en) Single-cold type central air conditioner energy saving system
CN204786928U (en) Single cold type central air conditioning economizer
CN203907838U (en) Air conditioner capable of supplying cold and hot water
CN203146299U (en) Accelerated life testing device for domestic air conditioner compressor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Denomination of invention: Floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on air source heat pump technology

Effective date of registration: 20170818

Granted publication date: 20160824

Pledgee: Anhui Dexin financing Company limited by guarantee

Pledgor: KOCHEM ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES CO., LTD.

Registration number: 2017340000162

PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Date of cancellation: 20180418

Granted publication date: 20160824

Pledgee: Anhui Dexin financing Company limited by guarantee

Pledgor: KOCHEM ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES CO., LTD.

Registration number: 2017340000162

PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Denomination of invention: Floor heating and air conditioning integrated device based on air source heat pump technology

Effective date of registration: 20180423

Granted publication date: 20160824

Pledgee: Anhui Dexin financing Company limited by guarantee

Pledgor: KOCHEM ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES CO., LTD.

Registration number: 2018340000118

PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Date of cancellation: 20190124

Granted publication date: 20160824

Pledgee: Anhui Dexin financing Company limited by guarantee

Pledgor: KOCHEM ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES CO., LTD.

Registration number: 2018340000118

PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right