CN103907756A - Preparation method of ruminant animal feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a ruminant animal feed. The ruminant animal feed is prepared by the steps of pre-treating raw materials, low temperature enzyme deactivating and drying wheat germs at a low temperature, cleaning, crushing and pulping vegetable scraps, performing solid state fermentation and drying, wherein the protein content of a final product is 14-16%, the fat content is 24-27%, and with vegetable scrap straws and wheat germs as raw materials, the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of improving food consumption and digestibility of animals to the straws, being wide in raw material source, low in cost and high in nutritive value, improving the normal growth and development of animals and improving the milk yield and butter-fat content.

Description

A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed

Technical field

The invention belongs to Feed Production Technology field, especially relate to a kind of preparation method of ruminant feed.

Background technology

In agricultural crop straw, 60% is carbohydrate, can be used as fermentation industry raw material, particularly in feedstuff industry, if these stalks can be converted into feed grain, to save a large amount of grain, and solve people and animals and strive grain problem, and also can solve the problem of environmental pollution that crop straw burning causes.In crop material except containing a large amount of carbon elements, also contain the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, in addition, in stalk, contain higher crude fibre, when feeding as feed, microorganism and the digestion of digestive ferment to cell membrane Dissolve things inside in ruminant tumor gastric are limited, cause stalk palatability and trophism poor, cannot by high efficiency animal absorb, therefore, development and utilization straw feed resource, improves its utilization rate and nutritive value imperative.

The enterprise of Laiyang City agricultural storage, processing reaches family more than 400, it is northern China processing of farm products outlet great city, the outlet of scale above enterprise year reaches more than 10,000 ton, the outlet of medium scale enterprise year reaches more than 5000 ton, these enterprises have also produced a large amount of accessory substances (vegetables leftover bits and pieces) in a large amount of finished products of export processing, as burdock, rape, spinach, potato, taro, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, okra, spinach, taro, carrot etc., in these vegetables leftover bits and pieces, contain the nutriments such as a large amount of protein, vitamin, cellulose, mineral matter.But these accessory substances, except fraction is utilized, all go out of use in a large number.

Ruminant as cattle and sheep can be eating into the peruse again of answering back in chamber of a large amount of roughage the telling in cud, can digest and assimilate relatively fully energy and albumen in stalk, but because the lignin containing in stalk, cellulose and hemicellulose cell " are coated with " and by lignin, hinder the decomposition of enzyme, and lignin itself can not be digested, make after animal feeding stalk non-digestible.For the self-characteristic of stalk, more existing processing methods improve the stalk of stalk, as comminuting method, alkaline process, ammonia process, steam treatment, microbe leaven processing and microbe fermentation method or the physical chemistry method etc. that combines, but the part that how much all comes with some shortcomings.As to adopt corresponding acid to carry out neutralization bases after adopting alkaline process, and misoperation can cause environmental pollution, waste resource, and operation is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and artificial amount is larger, and cost is higher, time-consuming taking a lot of work.

Summary of the invention

To the object of the invention is to improve the deficiency of prior art and a kind of vegetables leftover bits and pieces stalk and wheat embryo are provided be raw material, improve animal to stalk feed intake and digestibility, raw material sources are extensive, cost is low, be of high nutritive value, promote the preparation method that animal normal growth is grown, improved the ruminant feed of the output of milk and butterfat percnetage.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and a kind of preparation method of ruminant feed is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

A, pretreatment of raw material:

After raw material impurity elimination, de-stone, adopt high speed Universalpulverizer crushing maize stalk, wheat stalk, peanut vine, wheat bran, controlling its granularity is 40-60 order;

Wheat embryo adopts the ultraviolet low temperature enzyme that goes out dry, and after drying and dehydrating, water content is 6%; After various vegetables leftover bits and pieces clean and crush, select colloid mill to pull an oar as vegetable serous fluid;

B, solid state fermentation: be the ratio batching of maize straw 33.7%, wheat stalk 25%, peanut vine 6%, wheat bran 17.4%, wheat embryo 17.4% according to weight ratio, according to system butt meter, add respectively bacillus 0.23%, saccharomycete 0.23%, lactic acid bacteria 0.11%, brown sugar 0.4%, after stirring, after being stirred, the fermentation raw material of handling well packs bottom surface radius 0.3m into, height is 0.5m, and solvent is 0.04m ³plastic Drum in, bucket additional insulation quilt, keep fermentation in temperature be 45 ℃, fermentation 4-5d;

C, fermented product are dried in 45 ℃ of baking ovens.

The protein content of the end product that the preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of ruminant feed obtains is 14-16%, and fat content is 24-27%.

Compared with the prior art the present invention has following distinguishing feature and good effect: the present invention adopts vegetables leftover bits and pieces, maize straw, wheat stalk, peanut vine, wheat bran, wheat embryo etc. as raw material, through processing, ferment under optimum conditions, the product of producing is conducive to ruminant and digests and assimilates, and both having can be used as a kind of roughage, also to can be used as a kind of concentrated feed feeding; Stalk and vegetables leftover bits and pieces all have the features such as wide material sources, supply is stable, cost is low, nutritive value is high, especially the carrot in vegetables leftover bits and pieces, it not only contains a large amount of beta carotenes, also contain the mineral matters such as more Cobastab, vitamin C, vitamin E and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, it can maintain the normal Reproductive Performance of animal, the output of milk and butterfat percnetage are grown, improved to enhancement animal normal growth; In the feed that microorganism fermentation process obtains, contain a large amount of organic acids, multiple digestive ferment and B family vitamin, crude protein, amino acid content all have obvious increase, and feed palatability improves, feed intake speed and feed intake increase, digestibility improves.By fermentation, the content of protease in feed, lipase, amylase, carbohydrase has had and has increased substantially, after animal feeding, accelerate the decomposition to feed nutrition material, digestibility obviously improves, a large amount of use this feed not only to have significant economic benefit, social benefit, environmental benefit, can also make that animal husbandry is stable, high-quality, high yield and high speed development reach the object of sustainable development; Wheat embryo through ultraviolet low temperature cure the enzyme that goes out dry after, form better gas permeability, add bacterial classification, ferment as cultivating one of matrix constituent take wheat embryo, to place containing wheat embryo fermentation, wheat embryo more can promote the growth metabolism of probiotics than other material, reduce the use of chemical reagent, prevent that antibiotics material from entering in product, vegetables leftover bits and pieces slurries replace the water using in normal fermentation, have improved the nutritional labeling in culture medium system, are of value to microorganism fermentation, improve the utilization rate of discarded object, improve environment.Product have noresidue, pollution-free, do not produce drug resistance, medicament residue and antibody-resistant bacterium, can improve the production performance of ruminant, the rate of giving milk and immunity.Be adapted at using in various ruminant perfect compound feeds, concentrate supplement, concentrated feed and premix, raw material can be gathered materials on the spot, aboundresources, save the grain ratio of using, reduce the cost of producing feed, be easy to promote, improved nutritive value and the palatability of feed.Sharpest edges of the present invention are the fermentation medium of preparation, wherein choose the water that vegetables leftover bits and pieces slurries replace traditional culture medium to use, in culture medium, contain natural nitrogenous source, replace the interpolation of traditional culture medium 1%～2% nitrogen element, in its subculture, add wheat embryo, utilize wheat embryo as one of culture medium constituent, protein in system, mineral matter, vitamins and other nutritious components are increased, more can promote the growth metabolism of probiotics than other material, add after wheat embryo, fermentation time can shorten about 1d.

The specific embodiment

A preparation method for ruminant feed is to comprise the following steps: pretreatment of raw material:

By after raw material impurity elimination, de-stone, adopt high speed Universalpulverizer crushing maize stalk, wheat stalk, peanut vine, wheat bran, controlling its granularity is 40-60 order, wheat embryo ultraviolet ray at 40 ~ 60 ℃ of temperature enzyme that goes out is dry, after drying and dehydrating, water content is 6%, after vegetables leftover bits and pieces cleans and crush, described vegetables can be burdock, rape, spinach, potato, taro, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, okra, spinach, taro, carrot etc., 1 ~ 3 kind of vegetables leftover bits and pieces of general employing, selects colloid mill to pull an oar as vegetable serous fluid; Solid state fermentation: be the ratio batching of maize straw 33.7%, wheat stalk 25%, peanut vine 6%, wheat bran 17.4%, wheat embryo 17.4% according to weight ratio, according to system butt meter, add respectively bacillus 0.23%, saccharomycete 0.23%, lactic acid bacteria 0.11%, brown sugar 0.4%, after stirring, after being stirred, the fermentation raw material of handling well packs bottom surface radius 0.3m into, height is 0.5m, and solvent is 0.04m ³plastic Drum in, bucket additional insulation quilt, keep fermentation in temperature be 45 ℃, fermentation 4-5d; Fermented product is dried in 45 ℃ of baking ovens, and the protein content of end product is 14.48%, and fat content is 25.74%.

Claims (2)

1. a preparation method for ruminant feed, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

A, pretreatment of raw material:

After raw material impurity elimination, de-stone, adopt high speed Universalpulverizer crushing maize stalk, wheat stalk, peanut vine, wheat bran, controlling its granularity is 40-60 order;

Wheat embryo adopts the ultraviolet low temperature enzyme that goes out dry, and after drying and dehydrating, water content is 6%; After vegetables leftover bits and pieces cleans and crush, select colloid mill to pull an oar as vegetable serous fluid;

B, solid state fermentation: be the ratio batching of maize straw 33.7%, wheat stalk 25%, peanut vine 6%, wheat bran 17.4%, wheat embryo 17.4% according to weight ratio, according to system butt meter, add respectively bacillus 0.23%, saccharomycete 0.23%, lactic acid bacteria 0.11%, brown sugar 0.4%, after stirring, after being stirred, the fermentation raw material of handling well packs bottom surface radius 0.3m into, height is 0.5m, and solvent is 0.04m ³plastic Drum in, bucket additional insulation quilt, keep fermentation in temperature be 45 ℃, fermentation 4-5d;

C, fermented product are dried in 45 ℃ of baking ovens.

2. the preparation method of a kind of ruminant feed according to claim 1, the protein content that it is characterized in that end product is 14-16%, fat content is 24-27%.