CN103904901A - Phase-shift full-bridge converter circuit and control method - Google Patents
Phase-shift full-bridge converter circuit and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phase-shift full-bridge converter circuit which comprises a transformer, a lead bridge arm, a lag bridge arm and an output circuit. The lead bridge arm is formed by serially connecting a first MOS tube and a second MOS tube, the connection point of the two MOS tubes is sequentially connected with one end of a primary side of the transformer through a capacitor and a resonant inductor, and the capacitor and the resonant inductor are connected in series. The lag bridge arm is formed by serially connecting a third MOS tube and a fourth MOS tube, the connection point of the two MOS tubes is connected with the other end of the primary side of the transformer, and input direct-current voltage is applied to the positions between the connection point of the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube and the connection point of the third MOS tube and the fourth MOS tube. The output circuit is composed of four rectifier diodes and an output capacitor. The voltage of the two ends of the output capacitor is output direct-current voltage. The invention further discloses a control method of the phase-shift full-bridge converter circuit. By means of the circuit and the method, full-bridge soft switching of the phase-shift full-bridge converter circuit is achieved, switching loss is reduced, and efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to phase-shifting full-bridge converter technique field, particularly high-power phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit and control method in one.
Background technology
Phase-shifting full-bridge transformation topology is one of the most widely used topology in current high power D C/DC converter, is also the more a kind of circuit structure of research.The resonance manner that discharges and recharges that it utilizes between inductance and electric capacity, makes full-bridge metal-oxide-semiconductor in the time opening, realize soft switch to reduce switching loss, thereby improve switching frequency and overall efficiency under the prerequisite that does not increase switching loss.But traditional phase whole-bridging circuit exists many defects, referring to circuit shown in accompanying drawing 1, subject matter has:
1) the stored energy shortage of resonant inductance L1, to exhaust the drain-source capacitance charge of back axle metal-oxide-semiconductor (Q3, Q4), makes now back axle be operated in hard switching state when underloading, causes switching loss to become large heating serious.
2) rectifier diode of transformer secondary oppositely recovers serious, cause overall efficiency low, tradition phase-shifting full-bridge when work back axle is operated in ZVS state and causes secondary rectifier diode to turn-off for hard, so diode exists reverse recovery loss, and increases with power output.
3) traditional phase-shifting full-bridge transformer primary side electric current is negative or by being flushed to just during this period of time on negative by being flushed to just down, the electric current of output inductor L2 can not suddenly change, so transformer primary side is because output diode afterflow is by " short circuit ", so now supply voltage is added on resonant inductance, and the voltage being added on transformer is 0V, cause duty-cycle loss.
4) there is conflicting relation with the design of back axle ZVS loading range in duty-cycle loss size, reduces overall efficiency.Because if increase the ZVS scope of back axle, just need to increase the inductance value L of resonant inductance, by inductance value computing formula W=1/2*LI
2can find out and need to increase inductance value and L value, by formula, VT=LI draws T=LI/V, and wherein V is original edge voltage, and T is the time, and L is inductance value, and I is transformer T1 primary current, becomes large so inductance value L increases rear time T, and the duty ratio time becomes large.Simultaneously also there is conflicting relation in main circuit current EMI and the duty-cycle loss causing that suddenly change, and further reduces overall efficiency.Because of curent change slope, more the EMI of large power supply is more serious, if reduce the slope that EMI needs to reduce curent change, change from main circuit primary current, must increase the inductance value of resonant inductance, can find out from explanation above the duty-cycle loss that adds large power supply doing like this.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome existing above-mentioned deficiency in prior art, a kind of full-bridge soft-switching of realizing phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit is provided, reduce switching loss, the one that improves overall efficiency realizes phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit and control method.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit control method, a work period of phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit was divided into as the next stage: wherein, G1, G2, G3, G4 are respectively the additional grid voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor one to metal-oxide-semiconductor four (Q1-Q4), iL is the electric current of transformer primary side resonant inductance L1, VL is the voltage of this resonant inductance L1, VT is the voltage of transformer T1 primary side, and Vin is the direct voltage of input, and Vo is the direct voltage of output.
T1 stage: G1 and G4 are high level simultaneously, now Q1 and Q4 conducting work, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side by the voltage clamping of secondary side at nVo, now be added in the voltage constant at resonant inductance L1 two ends at Vin-nVo, the linear rising of current i L of resonant inductance L1, transformer T1 primary side current is linear to be increased, and exports energy to the secondary side of transformer T1 simultaneously; The T1 stage is while end, Q1 turn-offs, now because the electric current of resonant inductance L1 can not transformation, thus continue to flow by former direction, the drain-source capacitor discharge of Q2, the drain-source capacitor charging of Q1, when the drain-source capacitor discharge of Q2 is during to negative pressure, Q2 conducting, realizes the no-voltage conducting of Q2, realize ZVS, wherein n is the transformer primary secondary turn ratio.
T2 stage: G2 and G4 are high level simultaneously, Q2 and Q4 conducting, and the current i L of resonant inductance L1 flows by former direction; Now the voltage VL at resonant inductance L1 two ends just in time equates with the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side, but reverse with respect to T1 stage voltage, the current i L of resonant inductance L1 is reduced to 0 from maximum linearity, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side reduces to 0 simultaneously, the rectifier diode zero-current switching of transformer T1 secondary side, eliminate diode reverse recovery problem, reduce the EMI that oppositely recovery causes simultaneously.
T3 stage: G2 and G4 are still high level simultaneously, and Q4 and Q2 are conducting state simultaneously, and now transformer T1 primary side does not have electric current; The T3 stage, while end, G2 and G4 became low level simultaneously, and Q4 no-voltage is turn-offed, Q3 conducting after the Dead Time of interval, and during because of Q3 conducting, main circuit has inductance C1 to seal in, and inductive current can not suddenly change, and from 0 linear rising, so Q3 is zero current passing, realizes ZCS.
T4 stage: G2 and G3 are high level simultaneously, Q2 and Q3 conducting simultaneously, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side by the voltage clamping of secondary side at nVo, now be added in the voltage constant at resonant inductance L1 two ends at Vin-nVo, the linear rising of current i L of resonant inductance L1, transformer primary side current is linear to be increased, and exports energy to the secondary side of transformer T1 simultaneously.
The applicable phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit of above-mentioned control method must meet the following conditions simultaneously:
1) primary side of transformer is full bridge structure and is serially connected with electric capacity and resonant inductance, and this full bridge structure is 4 metal-oxide-semiconductor compositions;
2) half that the primary side voltage peak value of transformer is busbar voltage;
3) the primary side voltage duty cycle of transformer is less than 50%;
4) secondary side of transformer is diode rectification structure;
5) storage power of described resonant inductance is 1/2 of output energy.
Above-mentioned phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit, comprising:
One transformer T1;
One leading-bridge, is composed in series by metal-oxide-semiconductor one Q1 and metal-oxide-semiconductor two Q2, and the tie point a of these two metal-oxide-semiconductors is connected with one end of transformer T1 primary side with resonance inductance L 1 by capacitor C 1 successively, and described capacitor C 1 and resonance inductance L 1 are serially connected;
One lagging leg, is composed in series by metal-oxide-semiconductor three Q3 and metal-oxide-semiconductor four Q4, and the tie point b of these two metal-oxide-semiconductors is connected with the other end of transformer T1 primary side;
The direct voltage Vin of input is added between the tie point and metal-oxide-semiconductor two Q2 and the tie point of metal-oxide-semiconductor four Q4 of metal-oxide-semiconductor one Q1 and metal-oxide-semiconductor three Q3;
One output circuit, is made up of four rectifier diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4) and output capacitance C2; The two ends of described output capacitance C2 are the direct voltage Vo of output.
Further, in described output circuit, one end of described transformer T1 secondary side is connected with the tie point of rectifier diode D1 and rectifier diode D2, the other end of described transformer T1 secondary side is connected with the tie point of rectifier diode D3 and rectifier diode D4, the tie point of described rectifier diode D1 and D3 is connected with one end of output capacitance C2, and the tie point of described rectifier diode D2 and D4 is connected with the other end of output capacitance C2.
compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention can realize ZVS in phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit leading-bridge full-load range and the ZCS of lagging leg, realizes the full-bridge soft-switching of phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit, reduces switching loss; Solve traditional phase whole-bridging circuit transformer secondary rectifier diode reverse-recovery problems, improved efficiency, reduced complete machine EMI; In large-power occasions, main circuit work schedule of the present invention is different from traditional phase whole-bridging circuit, and in main circuit, current break is less, has solved the compromise design problem between back axle metal-oxide-semiconductor ZVS loading range and duty-cycle loss, improves overall efficiency.
accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is existing main circuit topology figure;
Fig. 2 is main circuit topology figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is main circuit electric current and voltage working timing figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment, all technology realizing based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit control method of the present invention, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a work period of phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit was divided into as the next stage: wherein, G1, G2, G3, G4 are respectively the additional grid voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor one to metal-oxide-semiconductor four (Q1-Q4), iL is the electric current of transformer primary side resonant inductance L1, VL is the voltage of this resonant inductance L1, VT is the voltage of transformer T1 primary side, Vin is the direct voltage of input, Vo is the direct voltage of output, VD is rectifier diode voltage in Fig. 2, and Vab is the voltage between 2 of a in Fig. 2, b.
T1 stage: G1 and G4 are high level simultaneously, and G2 and G3 are all low level, now Q1 and Q4 conducting work, Q2 and Q3 close, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side at nVo, is now added in the voltage constant at resonant inductance L1 two ends at Vin-nVo by the voltage clamping of secondary side, the linear rising of current i L of resonant inductance L1, iL=VL*D*T/L, D is duty ratio, and T is the time, and L is inductance value, transformer T1 primary side current is linear to be increased, and exports energy to the secondary side of transformer T1 simultaneously; The T1 stage is while end, Q1 turn-offs, now because the electric current of resonant inductance L1 can not transformation, thus continue to flow by former direction, the drain-source capacitor discharge of Q2, the drain-source capacitor charging of Q1, when the drain-source capacitor discharge of Q2 is during to negative pressure (it is body diode conducting minimum voltage), Q2 conducting, realizes the no-voltage conducting of Q2, realize the ZVS of leading-bridge (calling propons in the following text), wherein n is the transformer primary secondary turn ratio.
T2 stage: G2 and G4 are high level simultaneously, and G1 and G3 are all low level, Q2 and Q4 conducting, and Q1 and Q3 close, and the current i L of resonant inductance L1 flows by former direction; Drawn by Kirchhoff's second law, now the voltage VL at resonant inductance L1 two ends just in time equates with the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side, but reverse with respect to T1 stage voltage, the current i L of resonant inductance L1 is reduced to 0 from maximum linearity, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side reduces to 0 simultaneously, the rectifier diode zero-current switching of transformer T1 secondary side, eliminates diode reverse recovery problem, reduces the EMI that oppositely recovery causes simultaneously.
T3 stage: G2 and G4 are still high level simultaneously, and G1 and G3 are all low level, and Q4 and Q2 are conducting state simultaneously, and Q1 and Q3 close, and now transformer T1 primary side does not have electric current; The T3 stage is while end, G4 becomes low level, G3 becomes high level, Q4 no-voltage is turn-offed, Q3 conducting after the Dead Time of interval, and during because of Q3 conducting, main circuit has inductance C1 to seal in, and inductance C1 electric current can not suddenly change, from 0 linear rising, so can think that Q3 is zero current passing, realizes the ZCS of lagging leg (calling back axle in the following text).Because front and back brachium pontis Dead Time is too little, so specially do not draw in Fig. 3.
T4 stage: G2 and G3 are all high level, G1 and G4 are all low level, Q2 and Q3 conducting simultaneously, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side by the voltage clamping of secondary side at nVo, now be added in the voltage constant at resonant inductance L1 two ends at Vin-nVo, the linear rising of current i L of resonant inductance L1, transformer primary side current is linear to be increased, and the while is to the secondary side output energy of transformer T1.
Can find out from Fig. 3 work wave, in the design, propons metal-oxide-semiconductor is operated in ZVS (no-voltage turn-on and turn-off) state, back axle metal-oxide-semiconductor is operated in ZCS(zero current and leads and can and turn-off) state, can make power supply back axle metal-oxide-semiconductor when underloading (comprising zero load) not exist switching loss and back axle to be operated in soft on off state, thereby realize full-bridge soft-switching, reduce switching loss.Tradition phase-shifting full-bridge when work back axle is operated in ZVS state and causes transformer secondary rectifier diode to turn-off for hard, so diode exists reverse recovery loss, and increases with power output increase face, and overall efficiency reduces.And back axle is operated in ZCS state in the present invention, making transformer secondary rectifier diode is soft shutoff, thus oppositely do not recover, as Fig. 3, in the time that iL linearity drops to 0, V
djust become 0V, realize soft shutoff, overall efficiency improves.Tradition phase-shifting full-bridge transformer primary side electric current is negative or by being flushed to just during this period of time on negative by being flushed to just down, output inductor electric current can not suddenly change, so transformer primary side is because output diode afterflow is by " short circuit ", so now supply voltage is added on resonant inductance, and the voltage being added on transformer is 0V, cause duty-cycle loss.In the present invention, transformer primary side electric current is zero-current switching, has removed output inductor simultaneously, so there will not be diode continuousing flow phenomenon, does not also have duty-cycle loss problem, and overall efficiency improves.
The present invention also provides above-mentioned control method applicable phase whole-bridging circuit, and it must meet the following conditions simultaneously: 1) primary side of transformer is full bridge structure and is serially connected with electric capacity and resonant inductance, and this full bridge structure is 4 metal-oxide-semiconductor compositions; 2) half that the primary side voltage peak value of transformer is busbar voltage; 3) the primary side voltage duty cycle of transformer is less than 50%; 4) secondary side of transformer is diode rectification structure; 5) storage power of described resonant inductance is 1/2 of output energy.
Referring to Fig. 2, the applicable phase whole-bridging circuit of above-mentioned control method comprises: a transformer T1; One leading-bridge, is composed in series by metal-oxide-semiconductor one Q1 and metal-oxide-semiconductor two Q2, and the tie point a of these two metal-oxide-semiconductors is connected with one end of transformer T1 primary side with resonance inductance L 1 by capacitor C 1 successively, and described capacitor C 1 and resonance inductance L 1 are serially connected; One lagging leg, is composed in series by metal-oxide-semiconductor three Q3 and metal-oxide-semiconductor four Q4, and the tie point b of these two metal-oxide-semiconductors is connected with the other end of transformer T1 primary side; The direct voltage Vin of input is added between the tie point and metal-oxide-semiconductor two Q2 and the tie point of metal-oxide-semiconductor four Q4 of metal-oxide-semiconductor one Q1 and metal-oxide-semiconductor three Q3; One output circuit, is made up of four rectifier diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4) and output capacitance C2; The two ends of described output capacitance C2 are the direct voltage Vo of output.In described output circuit, one end of described transformer T1 secondary side is connected with the tie point of rectifier diode D1 and rectifier diode D2, the other end of described transformer T1 secondary side is connected with the tie point of rectifier diode D3 and rectifier diode D4, the tie point of described rectifier diode D1 and D3 is connected with one end of output capacitance C2, and the tie point of described rectifier diode D2 and D4 is connected with the other end of output capacitance C2.
Compared with traditional phase-shifting full-bridge, the present invention has lacked an output inductor in output circuit, reduce by a device cost, remove simultaneously and make output capacitance and transformer force limit to pass through rectifier diode after output inductor to be directly connected, because output capacitance voltage is a stationary value, thereby assurance transformer primary polygonal voltage is in a stable voltage in the time of work, and now rising and the descending slope of resonant inductance charging and discharging currents in the time of work are constant, make circuit working more stable.
In the present invention, output circuit, because having lacked output inductor, causes the design of resonant inductance L1 and transformer T1 to be different from traditional phase-shifting full-bridge.In design, in order to meet back axle ZCS, full-bridge duty ratio must be less than 0.5.Stored the energy of the half of whole power output because of resonant inductance, so the magnetic core that under Same Efficieney, resonant inductance is selected is larger than traditional, those skilled in the art know How to choose, no longer describe in detail here simultaneously.For the slope absolute value that allows the linearity of resonant inductance rise and to decline approaches as far as possible, transformer primary side voltage peak of the present invention is got the half of supply voltage, i.e. the half of the direct voltage of input.As can be seen from Figure 3, when resonant inductance electric current reaches maximum, propons power tube turn-offs, the energy being stored in resonant inductance finally can be delivered to load end, because the voltage at inductance two ends is supply voltage 1/2, is 1/2 of output energy so can calculate its energy.In order to allow the power supply working stability of trying one's best, just must allow transformer primary side Current rise and descending slope as far as possible symmetrical, so original edge voltage is got 1/2 of power input voltage when design of transformer, the voltage that has so just guaranteed transformer primary polygonal voltage two ends in the time of resonant inductance charging and discharging is the same, be 1/2 power input voltage, thereby guaranteed that discharging and recharging of resonant inductance risen and descending slope equates, circuit working is more stable, and overall efficiency improves.In the present invention, governor circuit maximum duty cycle is less than 0.5, and not so back axle can not be operated in ZCS state.The present invention finally can realize: ZVS and lagging leg ZCS in leading arm full-load range, realize full-bridge soft-switching, and reduce switching loss; Solve transformer secondary rectifier diode reverse-recovery problems in traditional phase whole-bridging circuit, improved efficiency, reduced complete machine EMI; In large-power occasions, because of the resonant inductance amount in the present invention larger than traditional phase-shifting full-bridge resonant inductance amount, main circuit electric current and voltage work wave (see figure 3) is different from traditional phase-shifting full-bridge work wave completely simultaneously, make in main circuit current break less, compromise design between back axle power MOS pipe ZVS loading range and duty-cycle loss, overall efficiency improves.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is had been described in detail above, but the present invention is not restricted to above-mentioned execution mode, in the spirit and scope situation of claim that does not depart from the application, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or remodeling.
Claims (4)
1. a phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit control method, it is characterized in that, a work period of phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit was divided into as the next stage: wherein, G1, G2, G3, G4 are respectively the additional grid voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor one to metal-oxide-semiconductor four (Q1-Q4), iL is the electric current of transformer primary side resonant inductance L1, and VL is the voltage of this resonant inductance L1, and VT is the voltage of transformer T1 primary side, Vin is the direct voltage of input, and Vo is the direct voltage of output;
T1 stage: G1 and G4 are high level simultaneously, now Q1 and Q4 conducting work, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side by the voltage clamping of secondary side at nVo, now be added in the voltage constant at resonant inductance L1 two ends at Vin-nVo, the linear rising of current i L of resonant inductance L1, transformer T1 primary side current is linear to be increased, and exports energy to the secondary side of transformer T1 simultaneously; The T1 stage is while end, Q1 turn-offs, now because the electric current of resonant inductance L1 can not transformation, thus continue to flow by former direction, the drain-source capacitor discharge of Q2, the drain-source capacitor charging of Q1, when the drain-source capacitor discharge of Q2 is during to negative pressure, Q2 conducting, realizes the no-voltage conducting of Q2, realize ZVS, wherein n is the transformer primary secondary turn ratio;
T2 stage: G2 and G4 are high level simultaneously, Q2 and Q4 conducting, and the current i L of resonant inductance L1 flows by former direction; Now the voltage VL at resonant inductance L1 two ends just in time equates with the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side, but reverse with respect to T1 stage voltage, the current i L of resonant inductance L1 is reduced to 0 from maximum linearity, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side reduces to 0, the rectifier diode zero-current switching of transformer T1 secondary side simultaneously;
T3 stage: G2 and G4 are still high level simultaneously, and Q4 and Q2 are conducting state simultaneously, and now transformer T1 primary side does not have electric current; The T3 stage, while end, G2 and G4 became low level simultaneously, and Q4 no-voltage is turn-offed, Q3 conducting after the Dead Time of interval, and during because of Q3 conducting, main circuit has inductance C1 to seal in, and inductive current can not suddenly change, and from 0 linear rising, so Q3 is zero current passing, realizes ZCS;
T4 stage: G2 and G3 are high level simultaneously, Q2 and Q3 conducting simultaneously, the voltage VT of transformer T1 primary side by the voltage clamping of secondary side at nVo, now be added in the voltage constant at resonant inductance L1 two ends at Vin-nVo, the linear rising of current i L of resonant inductance L1, transformer primary side current is linear to be increased, and exports energy to the secondary side of transformer T1 simultaneously.
2. the applicable phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit of control method claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, it must meet the following conditions simultaneously:
1) primary side of transformer is full bridge structure and is serially connected with electric capacity and resonant inductance, and this full bridge structure is 4 metal-oxide-semiconductor compositions;
2) half that the primary side voltage peak value of transformer is busbar voltage;
3) the primary side voltage duty cycle of transformer is less than 50%;
4) secondary side of transformer is diode rectification structure;
5) storage power of described resonant inductance is 1/2 of output energy.
3. phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit according to claim 2, is characterized in that, comprising:
One transformer (T1);
One leading-bridge, composed in series by metal-oxide-semiconductor one (Q1) and metal-oxide-semiconductor two (Q2), the tie point (a) of these two metal-oxide-semiconductors is connected with one end of transformer (T1) primary side with resonant inductance (L1) by electric capacity (C1) successively, and described electric capacity (C1) and resonant inductance (L1) are serially connected;
One lagging leg, is composed in series by metal-oxide-semiconductor three (Q3) and metal-oxide-semiconductor four (Q4), and the tie point (b) of these two metal-oxide-semiconductors is connected with the other end of transformer (T1) primary side;
The direct voltage (Vin) of input is added between the tie point and metal-oxide-semiconductor two (Q2) and the tie point of metal-oxide-semiconductor four (Q4) of metal-oxide-semiconductor one (Q1) and metal-oxide-semiconductor three (Q3);
One output circuit, is made up of four rectifier diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4) and output capacitance (C2); The two ends of described output capacitance (C2) are the direct voltage (Vo) of output.
4. phase-shifting full-bridge translation circuit according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described output circuit, one end of described transformer (T1) secondary side is connected with the tie point of rectifier diode (D1) and rectifier diode (D2), the other end of described transformer (T1) secondary side is connected with the tie point of rectifier diode (D3) and rectifier diode (D4), the tie point of described rectifier diode (D1) and (D3) is connected with one end of output capacitance (C2), the tie point of described rectifier diode (D2) and (D4) is connected with the other end of output capacitance (C2).
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