CN103903503B - Anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device - Google Patents
Anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103903503B CN103903503B CN201410116006.5A CN201410116006A CN103903503B CN 103903503 B CN103903503 B CN 103903503B CN 201410116006 A CN201410116006 A CN 201410116006A CN 103903503 B CN103903503 B CN 103903503B
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Abstract
The utility model provides an anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device, the tissue of this device emulation includes: cornea (1), sclera (6), lens (12), vitreous cavity (14), iris (11), etc.; the functional mechanism includes: an aqueous circulation control system, a lens movement control system, a pupil block simulation system, an intraocular temperature regulation system, which work cooperatively to ensure the simulation of normal and abnormal aqueous circulation; the assist device includes: an aqueous humor outer drainage groove (2), an aqueous humor inner flow groove (5), a control panel (9), a lens inner cavity (13), pipelines (3, 4, 23 and 24), a water leakage prevention rubber cushion (17), an external temperature control system and the like.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to an anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device which can intuitively and effectively demonstrate a flow process that aqueous humor in an eyeball generates in a posterior chamber, enters an anterior chamber around a pupil edge, and finally flows out through tissues such as trabecular meshwork and the like at an anterior chamber angle.
Background art:
aqueous humor is a clear fluid secreted by the ciliary epithelium of the ciliary body, which flows through the posterior chamber-pupil-anterior chamber angle, is drained by the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, etc., and enters the blood stream. The aqueous humor slowly flows in the eye, and its generation and discharge are a cyclic reciprocating flow process. This flow process is directly related to the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), the supply of nutrients to the intraocular tissue and the metabolism. The effectiveness of aqueous humor to maintain intraocular pressure depends on the amount of aqueous humor produced and the amount of aqueous humor drained. In hypertensive glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure causes the fundus retina to become compressed, and the field of vision to become smaller, eventually leading to blindness. Therefore, the study of the flow of aqueous humor in the eye is important for controlling the onset of hypertensive glaucoma.
Research shows that the flow field distribution of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber has certain influence on the anterior chamber tissue (such as corneal endothelial cells), intraocular pressure regulation and the like due to the shear stress of the aqueous humor. The flow of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber depends to a large extent on the production of aqueous humor, the temperature gradient between the cornea and the iris, the morphology of the anterior chamber angle, and the fluidity of the aqueous humor outflow channel. In order to intuitively and effectively research the flow of the aqueous humor, the invention designs an anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device to realize the simulation of the anterior segment aqueous humor flow. According to the physiological and pathological characteristics to be researched, the device is adjusted to manufacture parameters such as temperature gradient between the cornea and the iris, trabecular meshwork tissue fluency coefficient, crystal advancing distance, pupil retardation degree and the like, and relevant parameters and images of the anterior chamber flow field under the conditions are recorded, so that a method is provided for solving the problem of lack of current experimental data.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention mainly aims to design a device capable of realizing pupil blockage, crystal advancing and trabecular meshwork filtering obstacle according to the true structure and mechanical properties of an eyeball, and provides an intuitive and effective experimental device and a measuring system for researching the flow field distribution of an anterior chamber in the eye under pathological conditions.
The device comprises: cornea 1, aqueous humor outer drainage groove 2, sclera 6, aqueous humor inner flow groove 5, lens 12, lens inner cavity 13, lens mechanical control system 8, iris 11, iris-lens coupling circuit system (not shown in the figure). The coupling circuit is used for controlling the distance of the gap between the iris and the crystalline lens, and the structure of the coupling circuit comprises a circle of iron ring at the central pupil part of the iris 11 and an electromagnet in the inner cavity 13 of the crystalline lens. Wherein the cornea 1 and the aqueous humor drainage groove 2 can be integrated devices or can be independent devices respectively; the sclera 6 and the aqueous humor inflow channel 5 may be an integral device or may be separate devices. A water tank 10 is provided above the cornea 1. The device also comprises a water leakage prevention rubber cushion 17, a base 15 and a control panel 9, wherein a fine groove 20 for fixing the outer edge of the iris sample is arranged at the upper opening of the sclera 6. The room water inner flow groove 5 is connected with a second pipeline 4, can be connected with a device (such as a micro-injection pump) which is used for a liquid injection device and can control the flow of injected liquid, controls the room water amount and the flow rate flowing into the back room, and is internally provided with a buffer interlayer 16 for buffering the flowing-in room water and enabling the room water to uniformly enter the back room through small holes 21 and 22 in all directions. The buffer interlayer 16 is also arranged in the aqueous humor outer drainage groove 2, so that aqueous humor can uniformly flow out of the anterior chamber through the small holes 18 and 19 from all directions, and the aqueous humor is discharged out of the device through the pipeline I3, the interlayer 16 of the aqueous humor outer drainage groove 2 can be filled with a porous medium material with a certain porosity, the resistance characteristic of trabecular meshwork tissue to the aqueous humor outer drainage is simulated, and different resistances can be provided by different porosities. The lens mechanical control system 8 is an L-shaped operating rod 8 arranged at the bottom of the lens, and the horizontal tail end of the rod is connected with a control panel 9 and used for controlling the lens to move forwards and backwards. A water leakage proof rubber pad 17 is arranged between the periphery of the crystalline lens 12 and the periphery of the vitreous cavity 14. In the iris-lens coupling system, the iris is made of silicon rubber materials, silicon rubber with different hardness can be manufactured according to the component proportion, and a circle of iron ring is arranged at the pupil; an electromagnet or a magnet is vertically arranged in the lens inner cavity 13, and two joints of a lead of an electromagnet coil are led out from the bottom of the lens inner cavity and led to the control panel 9. The control panel is provided with a power switch and a mechanical knob for controlling the work of the electromagnet and the distance of the lens moving forwards and backwards. The temperature and pressure sensors are respectively connected with the front room and the rear room through a third pipeline 23 and a fourth pipeline 24 to obtain temperature and pressure parameters in the device. A temperature control system, mainly a heating pipe 7, is arranged in the vitreous cavity 14.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an anterior segment aqueous humor flow device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view of the anterior segment aqueous humor flow device of the present invention; FIG. 3 is an overall external view of the apparatus of the present invention; fig. 4 is a vertical section of fig. 1. The design of the existing integral device is finished on the basis of split assembly, and the integral device is convenient to disassemble and clean, while the local integral device can also be realized by split assembly, for example, the integral device of the cornea and the aqueous humor discharge groove can be an assembly integrally formed by adopting a 3D printing technology in the processing process, and can also be an assembly formed by split assembly after the design of part splitting.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the solution according to the invention will be further explained with reference to the schematic drawings of the design of the device shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The geometry of the device is strictly referenced to the geometry of a real human eye, with all dimensions scaled up 5 times. The device is made of rigid materials except the iris and the water leakage prevention rubber pad, such as organic glass transparent materials and stainless steel materials. The above requirements guarantee the fluid mechanics similarity principles such as geometric similarity and physical similarity of fluid flow in the device.
The cornea 1 and the aqueous humor drainage channel 2 can be of an integral structure or connected components made of organic glass materials. The particle imaging speed measurement device has good transparency, can have the best light transmittance, ensures that the light path has the best definition in a particle imaging speed measurement experiment for researching the circulating flow of the aqueous humor, and is convenient for observing possible flow faults in the device. The outer edge of the device is provided with a nozzle 3 called as an aqueous humor outlet, the nozzle is connected to an external water tank through a water pipe so as to discharge aqueous humor, a buffer interlayer 16 is arranged in the aqueous humor discharge tank 2, and the aqueous humor is uniformly discharged outwards when flowing out, so that the aqueous humor is simultaneously discharged outwards from all directions, and the aqueous humor discharge process of a real eyeball is simulated. Meanwhile, a porous medium can be filled in the buffer interlayer to control the outward discharge pressure, so that different resistances of the eyeball trabecular meshwork and the Schlemm's tube to the outward discharge of the aqueous humor are simulated.
The sclera 6 and the aqueous humor inflow channel 5 are made of organic glass materials and can be of an integral structure or connected components. The outer edge of the indoor water inner flow groove 5 is provided with a pipe orifice 4 which is called as an aqueous humor inlet and is connected with a device for injecting liquid and controlling the flow rate, such as a micro-injection pump, through a water pipe, and the flow rate of the aqueous humor can be controlled by adjusting the liquid injection device. The buffer interlayer 16 is arranged in the aqueous humor flow groove 5, aqueous humor is firstly gathered in the aqueous humor flow groove 5 before flowing into the posterior chamber through an inlet, and flows into the posterior chamber from all directions through the dense small holes which are uniformly distributed, so that the aqueous humor generation process of real eyeballs is simulated.
The base 15 of the device contains three parts of an integral lens mechanical control system 12/13/8, iris-lens coupling circuitry (not shown) and a control panel 9:
the lens mechanical control system is made according to the principle of a micrometer, and comprises an L-shaped operating rod 8, one end of the rod is connected with a lens inner cavity 13, the other end of the rod is connected with a knob, two ends of the rod are combined together through gear and rack teeth to form an L shape, and the lifting function is completed through a tight-fit wedge design. The knob is extended from the control panel 9 for adjustment, and when the knob is rotated, the crystalline lens can move up and down to simulate the forward movement of the crystalline lens of a real eyeball under pathological conditions. The outer side of the knob on the panel is marked with scales, and the screwing depth can be read so as to measure the distance of the forward movement of the crystalline lens. The water leakage prevention rubber pad 17 is arranged at the transition position of the hollow tube cavity and the bottom of the crystalline lens, so that the crystalline lens can move freely on the one hand, and on the other hand, the water and mechanical system and the circuit system can be isolated, and the water and electricity isolation is ensured to avoid the occurrence of electric leakage.
In the iris-crystalline lens coupling circuit system, an electromagnet is arranged in an inner cavity 3, and two joints of a lead of an electromagnet coil extend into a device base 15 through a cylindrical hollow tubular inner cavity 13 and are connected out from a control panel 9. The switch is arranged on the control panel and can control the on-off of the circuit, thereby controlling the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet in the lens. The pupil edge of the iris 11 is embedded with a circle of iron ring, and the weight of the iron ring does not influence the physical properties of the iris, the elasticity of the iris 11 and the like. When the circuit is disconnected, the iris 11 and the crystalline lens 12 are naturally attached together, and the pressure of the posterior chamber drives the lower chamber water to flow smoothly; when a power-on command is sent out from the control panel, the electromagnet in the crystalline lens 12 generates magnetic force to attract the iron ring at the pupil edge of the iris 11, so that the iris 11 approaches to the upper surface of the crystalline lens 12, and the aqueous humor is blocked when flowing through the iron ring; when the current is increased, the iris 11 and the crystalline lens 12 are closely attached together, and the pupil retardation phenomenon under the pathological state of the eyeball is simulated. In addition, a magnet can be arranged in the lens inner cavity 13, and the adsorption strength of the magnetic field can be adjusted by controlling the distance between the magnet and the pupil iron ring, so that pupil blocking with different degrees can be simulated.
The application also comprises an experimental method of the anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: mounting sclera 6 and aqueous humor inflow channel 5 on base 15 (wherein sclera 6 and aqueous humor inflow channel 5 can be an integral structure or can be components connected together by using techniques known in the art); the water leakage prevention rubber pad 17 is arranged on the upper edge of the glass body cavity 14; placing the crystalline lens 12 on the rubber pad, and attaching the root part of the crystalline lens to the water leakage prevention rubber pad; the iris 11 is placed at the upper opening of the assembly formed by the sclera 6 and the aqueous humor inflow groove 5, and the outer edge of the iris 11 is fixed in a thin groove 20 which is arranged at the upper opening of the sclera 6 and used for fixing the outer edge of an iris sample by utilizing a circular iron wire buckle with the diameter equal to the outer diameter of the upper opening so as to avoid the iris 11 from sliding in the experiment; finally, the cornea 1 and the aqueous humor outer drainage groove 2 (wherein the sclera 6 and the aqueous humor inner drainage groove 5 can be of an integral structure and can also be components connected together by adopting the known technology in the field) are arranged at the upper parts of the sclera 6 and the aqueous humor inner drainage groove 5, so that the good air tightness at the interface is ensured;
step 2: the sclera 6 and the aqueous humor inner flow groove 5 are connected with an injection device such as a micro-injection pump and the like through a pipeline 4; when the injection device is started, water flow is injected into the posterior chamber from the groove at a certain flow rate, flows into the anterior chamber through the pupil, and flows into the aqueous humor drainage groove after the anterior chamber is filled; the speed and the flow of water flowing into the back room can be controlled by the liquid injection device;
step 3: an electromagnet is arranged in the lens inner cavity 13, and two ends of an electromagnet coil are led out to the control panel 9 from the bottom of the lens; when the power is on, a stable magnetic field is generated, and the iris inlaid with the iron ring can be adsorbed on the crystalline lens to simulate the process of pupil retardation; the intensity of retardation can be realized by controlling the intensity of current in the electromagnet; in addition, a magnet can be arranged in the lens inner cavity 13, and pupil blocking of different degrees can be simulated by controlling the distance between the magnet and the iris embedded with the iron ring;
step 4: the operating rod 8 is L-shaped, the vertical end is connected with the bottom of the lens inner cavity 13, the horizontal end is connected with the control panel 9 through a knob, and the two ends are meshed together through a gear and a rack; when the knob is adjusted, the lens can be controlled to move back and forth in the device, so that the anterior chamber depth is changed, and the movement precision is millimeter magnitude; the forward and backward sizes of the crystalline lens can be read through the screwing-in/out scales of the adjusting knob;
step 5: the surface of the bottom 12 of the crystalline lens is contacted with a water leakage prevention rubber pad 17, so that the flexible movement of the crystalline lens is ensured and the water leakage into the circuit device is prevented;
step 6: the vitreous body part is made of peripheral materials, a vitreous body cavity 14 is formed in the middle, a heating pipe 7 is installed in the vitreous body cavity, a small pipe 24 is left at a certain part of the side surface of the vitreous body cavity, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor can enter the vitreous body through the small pipe and measure the pressure and temperature values of a posterior chamber;
and 7, a step: a small tube 23 is left on the side surface of the cornea 1, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor can enter the anterior chamber through the small tube and measure the pressure and the temperature of the anterior chamber;
step 8: a heating pipe 7 is arranged in the position, close to the rear room, in the glass body cavity 14, and the rear room area is heated when the power is on, so that the rear room area is kept at a constant temperature of 37 ℃ or other temperatures;
step 9: a water bath is arranged in a water tank 10 above the cornea 1, and water with a certain temperature is stored in the water bath, so that on one hand, a temperature gradient is provided, and on the other hand, the water bath is used for reducing the refraction of the upper surface of the cornea to exciting light in a particle imaging speed measurement experiment; the temperature of the water flow in the aqueous humor flow groove is controlled by the heating pipe 7, and forms a temperature difference with the water bath temperature, so that the influence of the temperature difference on the aqueous humor flow field of the anterior chamber can be observed.
The device of the invention has the following beneficial effects: can be used for researching the state of the aqueous flow field of the inner chamber of the anterior chamber of the eyeball under various physiological and pathological conditions; the experimental design which can not be achieved by in vivo animal experiments can be completed; the device can replace animal eye disease models which are difficult to manufacture, for example, the existing animal models with closed chamber angle have great difficulty in manufacturing, and by using the device, the opening degree of the chamber angle can be changed by adjusting the relative position of the iris and the cornea, and the characteristics of the aqueous humor flow field after the chamber angle is closed can be researched and known; can be introduced into a classroom after being designed and optimized through proper appearance, provides a visual and understandable teaching tool for ophthalmologic teaching, and helps to observe the physiological position and the form of anterior segment tissues and the circulation process of aqueous humor from generation to discharge out of eyes.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an anterior segment aqueous humor circulation emulation device which characterized in that: the organization of the device simulation includes: a cornea (1), a sclera (6), a crystalline lens (12), a vitreous cavity (14) and an iris (11); the functional mechanism includes: an aqueous circulation control system, a lens movement control system, a pupil block simulation system, an intraocular temperature regulation system, which work cooperatively to ensure the simulation of normal and abnormal aqueous circulation; the assist device includes: the device comprises an aqueous humor outer drainage groove (2), an aqueous humor inner flow groove (5), a control panel (9), a lens inner cavity (13), a pipeline I (3), a pipeline II (4), a pipeline III (23), a pipeline IV (24), an anti-leakage water rubber cushion (17) and an external temperature control system;
the aqueous humor circulation control system is used for controlling the rate and the amount of aqueous humor production and outflow, realizing various possible flow states of aqueous humor in eyes, and realizing iris form change by adjusting the difference between the production amount and the discharge amount of the aqueous humor;
the aqueous humor circulation control system is formed and works in a mode that a sclera (6) and an aqueous humor inner flow groove (5) are arranged on a base (15); the iris (11) is placed at the upper opening of a component formed by the sclera (6) and the aqueous humor inner flow groove (5), the cornea (1) and the aqueous humor outer discharge groove (2) are arranged at the upper parts of the sclera (6) and the aqueous humor inner flow groove (5), a pipeline II (4) is arranged at the outer edge of the aqueous humor inner flow groove (5) and is called an aqueous humor inlet, the pipeline II is connected with a device for injecting liquid and controlling flow through a water pipe, equipment for injecting the liquid and controlling the flow is a micro injection pump, after the liquid is injected, the aqueous humor enters the aqueous humor inner flow groove (5) through the pipeline II (4), fills a posterior chamber, enters an anterior chamber below the cornea (1) through a pupil at the center of the iris (11), and finally flows out of a system from the pipeline I (3) after passing through the aqueous humor outer discharge groove (2); a buffer interlayer (16) is arranged in the aqueous humor outer drainage groove (2) and the aqueous humor inner flow groove (5) and is used for buffering aqueous humor flowing in or out, porous medium materials can be filled in the aqueous humor outer drainage groove (2) or the aqueous humor inner flow groove (5), and the sclera (6) and the aqueous humor inner flow groove (5) are of an integral structure or are connected together; the cornea (1) and the aqueous humor drainage groove (2) are of an integral structure or are connected together.
2. The anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device of claim 1, wherein: the lens movement control system is used for adjusting the movement of the lens along the optical axis so as to simulate the pathological phenomenon of lens advancing;
the structure and the working mode of the lens movement control system are that the lens moves back and forth by adjusting an L-shaped operating rod (8) which is connected with the control panel (9) and is arranged at the bottom of the lens inner cavity (13), the horizontal tail end of the operating rod is connected with the control panel (9), the vertical end of the operating rod is connected with the lens inner cavity (13), and the distance of the lens moving back and forth is controlled by a mechanical knob of the control panel in a gear-rack meshing mode.
3. The anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device of claim 1, wherein: the pupil retardation simulation system has the effects that magnetic force is applied to enable magnetic force to be absorbed between the iris and the crystalline lens at the pupil, so that various pupil retardation states with different retardation forces can be simulated;
the pupil blocking simulation system is formed and works in a mode that a circle of ferromagnetic material is embedded at the pupil edge of the iris (11), an electromagnet or a magnet is placed in the lens inner cavity (13), and two joints of a lead of an electromagnet coil are led out from the bottom of the lens inner cavity and led to the control panel (9) to control the electromagnet to work; the iris is made of flexible materials, and pupil retardation of different degrees can be simulated by controlling the distance between the magnet and the iris embedded with the ferromagnetic materials.
4. The anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device of claim 1, wherein: the functional mechanism simulated by the device comprises a temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system is used for adjusting the temperature of the aqueous humor in the eye so as to simulate the temperature gradient in the flowing process of the aqueous humor in the eye;
the temperature control system is formed and works in a mode that the glass body cavity (14) is formed in the middle of a glass body, a heating pipe (7) is installed in the glass body cavity (14), a pipeline four (24) is reserved at a certain position of the side surface of the glass body cavity (14), and a pressure and/or temperature sensor can enter through the pipeline four (24) and measure the pressure and temperature value of a backroom; the water tank (10) is arranged above the cornea (1), a water bath is arranged in the water tank (10), water with a certain temperature is stored in the water tank, on one hand, a temperature gradient is provided, on the other hand, the water tank is used for reducing refraction of the upper surface of the cornea to exciting light in a particle imaging speed measurement experiment, a pressure and/or temperature sensor can enter and measure a temperature value in the water bath through the third pipeline (23), the temperature of posterior chamber water flow is controlled through the heating pipe (7), and a temperature difference is formed between the temperature and the water bath temperature and is used for observing the influence of the temperature difference on an anterior chamber aqueous flow field.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410116006.5A CN103903503B (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2014-03-24 | Anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device |
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| CN201410116006.5A CN103903503B (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2014-03-24 | Anterior segment aqueous humor circulation simulation device |
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| CN103903503A CN103903503A (en) | 2014-07-02 |
| CN103903503B true CN103903503B (en) | 2020-01-14 |
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| CN104091506B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-08-24 | 刘庆淮 | Three-dimensional simulation eye |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN200950313Y (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2007-09-19 | 叶传昌 | Electric model for aqueous humor circulation |
| CN101419763A (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2009-04-29 | 首都医科大学 | Simulation equipment and method for simulating pupillary block and crystal forward leading |
| CN201459143U (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-05-12 | 蒋华 | Anterior segment eye perfusion system |
| CN201698633U (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-01-05 | 北京大学第三医院 | Anterior ocular segment irrigation device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8262715B2 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2012-09-11 | Eye Delivery System, Llc | Medical device and method for temperature control and treatment of the eye and surrounding tissues via magnetic drug therapy |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN200950313Y (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2007-09-19 | 叶传昌 | Electric model for aqueous humor circulation |
| CN101419763A (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2009-04-29 | 首都医科大学 | Simulation equipment and method for simulating pupillary block and crystal forward leading |
| CN201459143U (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-05-12 | 蒋华 | Anterior segment eye perfusion system |
| CN201698633U (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-01-05 | 北京大学第三医院 | Anterior ocular segment irrigation device |
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