CN103901356A - Microcomputer direct-current system fault monitoring device and method - Google Patents
Microcomputer direct-current system fault monitoring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103901356A CN103901356A CN201410099818.3A CN201410099818A CN103901356A CN 103901356 A CN103901356 A CN 103901356A CN 201410099818 A CN201410099818 A CN 201410099818A CN 103901356 A CN103901356 A CN 103901356A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microcomputer direct-current system fault monitoring device and method. According to the microcomputer direct-current system fault monitoring device and method, a load is connected to each direct-current circuit, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2 are connected between the wire inlet initial end and the wire outlet tail end of each direct-current circuit in series, both an inlet wire and an outlet wire of each direct-current circuit penetrate through a core penetrating hole of a Hall sensor, output signals of the Hall sensor are input into a CPU through an A/D converter, a keyboard is connected with an integrated receiving processor, the integrated receiving processor is connected with the CPU, an alarm and a liquid crystal display are connected with the CPU, the CPU is connected with an upper computer through a 485 interface, and the upper computer is connected with a system network through an RS232 or RS485. The microcomputer direct-current system fault monitoring device and method have the advantages that the types of faults of a direct-current power supply can be displayed visually, alarms can be given for prompt, and real-time, online and intelligent monitoring of faults of the direct-current power supply for a transformer substation is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to D. C. power source breakdown monitoring device and method, particularly electronic failure monitoring device and the method for direct supply for electric system.
Background technology
In electric system, communication, relay protection, central signal, switch breaker tripping and closing etc., all widespread use direct supply completes inter-related task.Therefore this system branched line is many, network complexity, and make moist, the fault such as ground connection, impact, short circuit often has generation.In the past, when without automatic fault monitoring device, be out of order, and is by operating a switch manually, adopts the mode trouble-shooting circuit having a power failure one by one, so both loaded down with trivial details, causes again regular link to be subject to the impact that has a power failure.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring device, with real-time intelligent monitoring D. C. power source breakdown, can intuitively show and can alarm.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring device, comprise between the inlet wire of each DC line in multiple DC line and outlet and be connected with load L, in described multiple DC line, in each DC line, be provided with in the same manner a Hall element: between the inlet wire top of each DC line and outlet end, be serially connected with two identical resistance R 1, R2, and the inlet wire of each DC line and outlet are through the feedthrough hole of this Hall element, two resistance R 1, be connected to the power supply of the node of R2 in the connecting terminal block of wire and this Hall element, the output signal of above-mentioned Hall element transfers to A/D converter and CPU in turn, keyboard is connected with integrated receiving processor, and integrated receiving processor is connected with CPU, and alarm and LCDs are connected with CPU respectively, CPU is connected with host computer through 485 interfaces, and host computer is connected with grid through RS232 or 485.
Also have for Hall element ± 15V power supply and for CPU ± 5V power supply: the bus of described DC line connects reducing transformer, or the bus of described DC line connects reducing transformer and voltage divider.
Described CPU model is MCS-96, and described A/D converter model is AD0804; Described alarm is hummer.
Another object of the present invention is to provide electronic failure monitoring device and the method for a kind of electric system direct supply.
Another object of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring method, carries out according to the following steps:
1), first carry out man-machine conversation, input monitored AC line way N and electric pressure V from keyboard, V is 48V, 110V or 220V, to determine comparison judgment value;
2) every circuit acquisition time interval t is set, again, and t is taken as 5 seconds;
3), by multiple Hall element HR1-n one by one corresponding each monitored DC line FZ1-n sample, the output signal of above-mentioned Hall element is converted to digital signal through A/D and gives single-chip microcomputer and compare judgement: during as Vw≤Vn, or in the time of Vw->=Vn-, return to single-chip microcomputer and make circular treatment, as Vw > Vn, be judged as positive earth fault, in the time of Vw-< Vn-, be judged as negative earth fault; When Vw is one section of ground connection from power supply U ﹢ to load L, the signal voltage of output after Hall element sampling; Vw-is while getting back to one section of ground connection of power supply U ﹣ from load L, the signal voltage of output after Hall element sampling; Vn and Vn-are respectively Vw and Vw-at the inner corresponding reference voltage fiducial value arranging of this device;
4), above-mentioned steps 3) in find when fault, in LCDs, to demonstrate line number and fault-time.
Also there are following steps: when single-chip microcomputer signal after treatment exports host computer to by 485 serial ports, the signal of host computer exports grid to.
Many for electric power DC system circuit, fault is comparatively frequent, but the problem that line number and nature of trouble are difficult to search, our Development and design this device, device has following outstanding main points:
1, the Hall Sampling techniques of uses advanced, solve the direct current difficult problem of sampling.Do not change network main electrical scheme, do not inject any signal, to straight-flow system without any added influence.
2, introduce microcomputer technology, strengthen intelligent level, energy on-line real time monitoring, the relevant accident informations such as energy automatic decision is under-voltage, overvoltage, positive ground connection, negative ground connection, line number and fault-time, so that in time, accurately process, thereby the further expansion of minimizing accident, effectively improves the security and stability of electric system.
3, sensor and main frame adopt 485 interfaces to make digital data transmission, and wiring is few, and it is easy to use that each group adopts 4 core shielded cables can, connect, and antijamming capability is strong.
4, directly from direct current network, ask for working power, avoided power frequency interference.
5, can remember earth fault and alerting signal, after device power down, information is not lost.
6, display screen Chinesizing is processed, and easy and simple to handle, user also can use this device without computer knowledge in the situation that.
7, device is provided with RS232,422,485 communication interfaces; Baud rate, communications parameter can software set.
8, can be used for main, split screen straight-flow system, device can be used as main frame or extension set expansion is used.
This device technique advanced person is perfect, and easy to use and flexible can the positive ground connection of on-line monitoring in electric system, the various faults type such as negative ground connection, is conducive to widely popularize, and the stable operation for electric system is produced to useful effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Hall element threading sample graph.
Fig. 2 is Hall element sample circuit figure.
Fig. 3 is hall sensing device fault sample circuit.
Fig. 4 is the sensor figure that is connected in parallel.
Fig. 5 is microcomputer direct current fault monitoring device structured flowchart.
Fig. 6 is DC line fault monitoring facilities process flow diagram.
Fig. 7 is microcomputer direct current fault monitoring device panel figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Signals collecting principle
Direct current is unlike alternating current, and electromagnetic field is very weak, sampling difficulty.For this reason, this device has used advanced Hall technology, has solved such problem.Hall element is a kind of semiconductor devices, in the time that no current passes through, in stationary state; When grounding phenomenon appears in straight-flow system, produce out-of-balance current, in Hall element, will activate electric charge, send the corresponding electric signal changing.We send these signals to main frame again, through soft and hardware processing, complete the work such as comparison, judgement, demonstration, warning.As shown in Figure 1, Hall current sensor model is CS1000EK2 in the sampling wiring of this device.
In Fig. 1, tested DC line 1 is through the feedthrough hole 3 of Hall element 2, the 4th, connecting terminal block, wherein a for+15V, b for-15V, c are that sampled signal output terminal, d are (are power supply ground) publicly, 5 is device pedestal, the 6th, fixed orifice (install and use), can select according to field position anyhow.In this figure, as long as passed feedthrough hole 3 by survey line, connect working power, can enter monitored state.
A kind of electric system D. C. power source breakdown monitoring device, between the inlet wire of each DC line in multiple DC line and outlet, be connected with load L, in described multiple DC line, in each DC line, be provided with in the same manner a Hall element 2: between the inlet wire top of each DC line and outlet end, be serially connected with two identical resistance R 1, R2, and the inlet wire of each DC line and outlet are connected through the node of 3, two resistance R 1 of feedthrough hole of this Hall element 2, R2 the power supply in the connecting terminal block of wire and this Hall element; The output signal of above-mentioned Hall element transfers to A/D converter and CPU in turn; Keyboard is connected with integrated receiving processor, and integrated receiving processor is connected with CPU, and alarm and LCDs are connected with CPU respectively; CPU is connected with host computer through 485 interfaces, and host computer is connected with grid through RS232 or 485.
Fig. 2 is Hall element sample circuit figure, wherein same resistance R1, R2(R1=R2) form balance bridge effect with the front-end and back-end of load L, indifference electric weight when normal, no signal output.In the time having fault, balance bridge is destroyed, and Hall element collects signal, through conversion process, sends associated electrical signals at the c of Fig. 1 terminal.By electric bridge effect, more improve sampling sensitivity.
In sampling apparatus inside, in the time that straight-flow system does not have earth fault, through the electric current I of hall device
+and I
-equal and opposite in direction, opposite direction.
Therefore: I
++ I
-=0
Because I
+and I
-resultant current be 0, resultant magnetic field is also 0, therefore no signal output in sensor.
In the time there is earth fault in system, produce ground current I
0, I
0form loop through the earth, bridge balance is broken, and Hall element A internal cause has increased I
0touch, therefore at secondary output electrical signal of reaction, send the main frame processing that performs an analysis to.Whole process as shown in Figure 3.
In Fig. 3, its current relationship is as following calculating formula:
ⅰ
+ =ⅰ
0 +ⅰ
+′
ⅰ
+′+ⅰ
－= 0
ⅰ
+－ⅰ
+′=ⅰ
0
Derived from Fig. 3 and calculating, in the time there is earth fault, can produce ground current I
0, running current I
+' and I
-still cancel each other, remaining I
0, will be collected by hall device, change into monitoring electric signal, in the output of c end, reach sampling object.
Use and prove through scene, this device Hall sampling thief resolution uA level.And route selection speed is fast, accuracy rate is high, reaches more than 98%.
Straight-flow system has little bus, and little bus is with many branched lines, so, often to use dozens of sensor.If these sensors are all connected with main frame, circuit is too many undoubtedly, too numerous and jumbled, not only take up space large, and connection inspection is extremely inconvenient, also easily occurs mistake etc.For this reason, we have selected the communication transfer form that is applicable to 485 interfaces, and every sensor c end output signal line is all connected in parallel, as shown in Figure 4:
In Fig. 4, there are many monitored DC line, thus configure multiple Hall elements, each sensor ± 15V power supply and the electric signal parallel connection that collects send main frame to, then complete the work such as follow-up comparison, differentiation, demonstration, warning by main frame.
Host work principle
This microcomputer direct current fault monitoring device structure is asked for an interview Fig. 5:
As seen from Figure 5, device is separated by dotted line, consists of inside and outside two parts, and we will introduce respectively in the back.
Hall sampling section
This monitoring device outside is mainly made up of load line and sensor.Each branch road load FZ1-n draws and connects working power on the little bus of direct current (this is taking I section as example) U+, U-, and positive negative wire is all passed the center pit that penetrates Hall and adopt sensor HR1-n.In loaded line, no matter be normal or fault, mainly embody with current forms, when normal, because power supply is closed loop work with load, reversal equates, so magnetic field is also equate and oppositely offset, thus, hall device secondary terminal no signal is exported.And in the time there is earth fault, no matter be positive ground connection or negative ground connection, will have more ground current, balance is destroyed, like this, just can produce extra magnetic field, this magnetic field, by being flutterred and catch collection by responsive Hall element, is changed electric signal into, sends the main frame in dotted line frame to.
Hall element and internal circuit all need DC supply, disturb for reducing equipment investment and power frequency, therefore, this device does not adopt conventional ac-dc conversion mode, but take directly from direct current network, to ask for power supply, through the processing such as step-down, dividing potential drop, obtain ± 15V and ± 5V operating voltage, for hall device and inner integrated package.485 interface mode transmission for the signal that sensor collects, add power lead, have adopted four-core shielded cable, as shown in two-way connection in Fig. 5.
Intelligent treatment part
In the DC Line Fault monitoring, the electric signal that Hall element has collected and changed, is linked in the main frame of Fig. 5 through 485 interfaces, will carry out a series of technical finesse.
A/D conversion
Because Hall element collection the voltage that converts to are simulating signals, and MCS-96 type 16 bit CPU die response is digital signal, so first, device front end will be through processing such as amplification, shaping and A/D conversions.What this device specifically adopted is AD0804 type A/D converter, the analog-signal transitions collecting is become to digital signal, then send CPU to by data bus, compares the work such as judgement.
Device hardware
Except A/D converter, device is inner also has quartz oscillator, frequency division, counter etc., and signal while walking to produce year, month, day, hour, min, second, its purposes is both to have determined sweep spacing, cycle period, record trouble time of origin is again convenient to analyzing and processing.
On the right side of Fig. 5, be provided with keyboard and IOP(I/O Processor) integrated receiving processor, this processor is the Direction Center of RAID controller, realization comprises command process, PCI and the transmission of SCSI bus data etc., in cooperatively interacting with keyboard, complete man-machine conversation, can do the settings such as tested branch road, sensor number, voltage threshold value, warning startup value, time adjustment, communication protocol; Can do faulty line number, grounding resistance, fault-time etc. in conjunction with LCDs again retrieves for examination and inquires about.
And CPU intelligent chip MCS-96 type is by address bus and data bus, receive the artificial dual signal arranging of Hall element and keyboard, start working, both by loop cycle route selection, gather the signal of every branch road, compare, judge, the processing such as calculating, storage.Subsequently, by brilliant result liquor charging screen display show, hummer (alarm one) reports to the police, also send signal to host computer, do wide region more, the more processing such as differentiation, layout, tabulation, storage of large effect, also, by the on-the-spot communication protocol adapting to, pass the signal along on grid through 232,485 interfaces etc., make leader and production safety managerial personnel also can understand and grasp in the distance situation, make in time crash analysis, investigation processing, ensure the safe operation of straight-flow system.
Software flow
According to noted earlier, in DC Line Fault monitoring, give the main frame judgement of making comparisons by Hall collection signal and keyboard input instruction, and result is shown and teletransmission network system, to this, we draw out related software process flow diagram, as Fig. 6.
A kind of microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring method, carry out according to the following steps:
1), first carry out man-machine conversation, input monitored AC line way N and electric pressure V from keyboard, V is 48V, 110V or 220V, to determine comparison judgment value;
2) every circuit acquisition time interval t is set, again, and t is taken as 5 seconds;
3), by multiple Hall element HR1-n one by one corresponding each monitored DC line FZ1-n sample, the output signal of above-mentioned Hall element is converted to digital signal through A/D and gives single-chip microcomputer and compare judgement: during as Vw≤Vn, or in the time of Vw->=Vn-, return to single-chip microcomputer and make circular treatment, as Vw > Vn, be judged as positive earth fault, in the time of Vw-< Vn-, be judged as negative earth fault; When Vw is one section of ground connection from power supply U ﹢ to load L, the signal voltage of output after Hall element sampling; Vw-is while getting back to one section of ground connection of power supply U ﹣ from load L, the signal voltage of output after Hall element sampling; Vn and Vn-are respectively Vw and Vw-at the inner corresponding reference voltage fiducial value arranging of this device;
4), above-mentioned steps 3) in find when fault, in LCDs, to demonstrate line number and fault-time.
Also there are following steps: when single-chip microcomputer signal after treatment exports host computer to by 485 serial ports, the signal of host computer exports grid to.
As seen from Figure 6, first device carries out man-machine conversation, inputs monitored circuit and count N and electric pressure V(containing 48V, 110V, 220V from keyboard), to determine comparison judgment value; Every branch road acquisition time interval t is set again, and this is to do delay process, to avoid temporary impact, confirms authenticity and the continuity of fault, and it is 5 seconds that this device is got t.
When inner parameter setting completes, just carry out data conversion treatment, form the binary code of monolithic function identification, flow to the CPU use of making comparisons.
Opposite side, by HR1-n Hall element, corresponding each monitored branch road FZ1-n samples, and is converted to digital signal through A/D, gives single-chip microcomputer and compares differentiation.Longer because of outside line, there will be one section of ground connection from power supply U+ to load, after Hall Collect conversion, output voltage signal is for just, and we are by its called after Vw; Also have one section of ground connection of getting back to power supply U-from load, after Hall Collect conversion, output voltage signal is for negative, and we are by its called after Vw-.And the inner corresponding benchmark fiducial value arranging of device, called after Vn and Vn-(footnote letter w, n represent respectively outer and inner for we).
When normal, outside collection signal Vw, close to 0, must be less than internal reference signal Vn, i.e. Vw < Vn, so export from the N end of comparer, continues " cyclic access ".
When the signal that Hall element collects appears that, after earth fault, balance is broken, in certain branch road, after A/D conversion, send single chip microcomputer to and compare differentiation, in the time there is Vw > Vn or Vw-< Vn-, signal is from the Y end output of comparer.
In " cyclic access ", be that follow procedure is undertaken by line, the time also follows, so in the time finding fault, device inside is by its record and storage, in Y end output signal, will serve as " line number " and " fault-time " two main contents, offer LCDs.
The signal of Y end output is also according to the difference of inner comparative result, and the information of transmission and move towards different starts respectively " positive ground connection " or " negative ground connection " valve, offers liquid crystal display and does different faults type and show.
After CPU is disposed, coherent signal is delivered to host computer through 485 serial ports again, carries out the processing such as integration and classification of multistage monitoring wire, makes it more to standardize, seriation.Subsequently again through RS232 or 485 interfaces, adopt the most frequently used TCP/IP communications protocol now, send grid to, make relevant leader and Safety Technical Management department also can understand in the distance straight-flow system working condition, the fault monitoring is made to further inspection, maintenance process, in order to avoid spreading of accident thus, improves safety coefficient.
The outside that panel illustrates this DC Line Fault monitoring device relates to observation and checks with keyboard operation etc., therefore the rational deployment of need, for this reason, we by panel designs as shown in Figure 7.
In Fig. 7, each device function is:
LCDs: every screen can Display of Chinese characters 4 row, 8 Chinese characters of every row, English is 8 row, 16 Chinese character of each row; Screen of identical content, different content turns over screen and processes; Adopting Chinese character is main demonstration, so that observe identification, especially at the scene, for all easy operating grasps of common staff.
Button: on Fig. 7 right side, be provided with nine buttons, their function respectively:
Again no matter when route selection key: this key is undertaken reset function, after switching on power, press this key, and program all will restart operation.
←, → key: switching that this two key is menu with, be also the operating key that cursor moves left and right.Press to the right → key, represent to enter subordinate's submenu; Press left ← key and be returned to Previous Menu.
↑, ↓ key: this two key is between different options, to move up and down key, also page-turnable in menu at the same level.Choose current
While shielding bottom option, continue to press ↓ key, screen goes to the next screen of menu at the same level; ↑ key in like manner enters a upper screen of menu at the same level.
Acknowledgement key: this key arranges etc. for confirming current operation or parameter.
Abandon key: this key is for abandoning that current operation or parameter arrange etc.
+ ,-key: this two key is respectively and adds 1 or subtract 1 operation. mainly in the time that test line number and different parameters are set, use.
As fully visible, in this panel, in conjunction with cooperatively interacting of display screen and operating key, interactive setting can be done, the inquiry of fault type can be done again, multiple functional, simple and easy again, easy to operate, be good design.
Claims (5)
1. a microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring device, comprise, between the inlet wire of each DC line in multiple DC line and outlet, be connected with load L, it is characterized in that, in described multiple DC line, in each DC line, be provided with in the same manner a Hall element (2): between the inlet wire top of each DC line and outlet end, be serially connected with two identical resistance R 1, R2, and the inlet wire of each DC line and outlet are through the feedthrough hole (3) of this Hall element (2), two resistance R 1, be connected to the power supply of the node of R2 in the connecting terminal block of wire and this Hall element, the output signal of above-mentioned Hall element transfers to A/D converter and CPU in turn, keyboard is connected with integrated receiving processor, and integrated receiving processor is connected with CPU, and alarm and LCDs are connected with CPU respectively, CPU is connected with host computer through 485 interfaces, and host computer is connected with grid through RS232 or 485.
2. a kind of microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also have for Hall element (2) ± 15V power supply and for CPU ± 5V power supply: the bus of described DC line connects reducing transformer, or the bus of described DC line connects reducing transformer and voltage divider.
3. a kind of microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described CPU model is MCS-96, and described A/D converter model is AD0804; Described alarm is hummer.
4. an a kind of microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, carry out according to the following steps:
1), first carry out man-machine conversation, input monitored AC line way N and electric pressure V from keyboard, V is 48V, 110V or 220V, to determine comparison judgment value;
2) every circuit acquisition time interval t is set, again, and t is taken as 5 seconds;
3), by multiple Hall element HR1-n one by one corresponding each monitored DC line FZ1-n sample, the output signal of above-mentioned Hall element is converted to digital signal through A/D and gives single-chip microcomputer and compare judgement: during as Vw≤Vn, or in the time of Vw->=Vn-, return to single-chip microcomputer and make circular treatment, as Vw > Vn, be judged as positive earth fault, in the time of Vw-< Vn-, be judged as negative earth fault; When Vw is one section of ground connection from power supply U ﹢ to load L, the signal voltage of output after Hall element sampling; Vw-is while getting back to one section of ground connection of power supply U ﹣ from load L, the signal voltage of output after Hall element sampling; Vn and Vn-are respectively Vw and Vw-at the inner corresponding reference voltage fiducial value arranging of this device;
4), above-mentioned steps 3) in find when fault, in LCDs, to demonstrate line number and fault-time.
5. a kind of microcomputer direct current system failure monitoring method according to claim 4, is characterized in that also having following steps: when single-chip microcomputer signal after treatment exports host computer to by 485 serial ports, the signal of host computer exports grid to.
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| CN113253057A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-13 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Automatic fault finding method for overhead transmission line |
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| CN104535906A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 国家电网公司 | Method for monitoring and positioning instant insulation faults of direct current system and device for implementing method |
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| CN106680649A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-17 | 岭东核电有限公司 | Nuclear power plant earth fault detecting method and device |
| CN108548993A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-18 | 中国人民解放军海军工程设计研究院 | A kind of more cable parallel connection interlinkage fault-line selecting methods |
| CN108879899A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-23 | 深圳市华禹无线供电技术有限公司 | Detect communication device and wireless charging system for electric automobile |
| CN109741619A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-10 | 安徽富煌科技股份有限公司 | A kind of electronic public transport stop board that can remotely monitor Mask Failure |
| CN110672984A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-01-10 | 国网四川省电力公司检修公司 | Portable direct current system ground fault detection device |
| CN111220866A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-06-02 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Measurement and control device, method and equipment for detecting working state of current transformer |
| CN111220866B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Measurement and control device, method and equipment for detecting working state of current transformer |
| CN113253057A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-13 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Automatic fault finding method for overhead transmission line |
| CN113253057B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-17 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Automatic fault finding method for overhead transmission line |
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