CN103901301A - Fault diagnosis method for frequency converter - Google Patents
Fault diagnosis method for frequency converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault diagnosis method for a frequency converter. The fault diagnosis method includes the steps that whether the frequency converter is in the down state or not is detected, when the frequency converter is detected to be in the down state, a controller starts parts of the frequency converter one by one, whether faults happen to the corresponding parts or not can be judged by detecting the running states of the parts of the frequency converter through inherent sensors of the frequency converter, and fault sources are positioned. According to the fault diagnosis method with the concept, by means of the inherent controller and the inherent sensors of the frequency converter, the frequency converter is made to work in the fault diagnosis mode, the parts of the frequency converter are started one by one in the process, fault diagnosis is achieved according to comparison between a practical feedback signal and a standard feedback signal, and therefore sub-systems of the frequency converter are prevented from influencing one another, fault diagnosis of the frequency converter is achieved, and both the requirement for reducing cost and the requirement for improving universality are well met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power electronics, more particularly, relate to a kind of Converter Fault Diagnosis method.
Background technology
Frequency conversion speed-adjusting system converts and adopts digital frequency conversion control mode to realize rotating speed or the torque control of accurate motor by AC-DC-alternating electromotive force electronics.This kind of control mode, compared with traditional fixed-frequency control mode, reduced energy resource consumption greatly.Therefore, frequency conversion speed-adjusting system is widely used in the control field of all kinds of generators, motor.
In the time of the faults such as generating device in frequency converter lost efficacy, cable connection is abnormal, frequency converter can quit work and quote failure message.Due to the complicacy of frequency changer, the fault of single part tends to cause multiple component workings of frequency converter abnormal, thereby produces a large amount of failure messages.For example, the fault of parts, can cause direct and/or indirect connected parts with it all to quote fault.A large amount of failure messages can be covered primary fault parts, increases the degree of difficulty of looking up the fault.
In prior art, for detection failure, mainly use following two kinds of fault detect modes: 1) increase extra sensor and fault monitoring device; 2) set up the frequency converter failure information of expert system database debug.First kind of way, although can realize preferably in theory fault handling and can synchronously detect in the frequency converter course of work, but the controller cost in trouble-shooter and related sensor and frequency converter is substantially suitable, therefore its deficiency is that economy is poor.The second way, fault detect structure accuracy depends on designer's experience, and if the change of frequency converter recurring structure, respective signal feature and failure message logical relation also can change, need to re-establish principle of classification and Relational database, method versatility is restricted.
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, need a kind of succinct, efficient fault diagnosis technology to locate fast fault.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, what the present invention conceived provides controller and the sensor intrinsic based on frequency converter for Converter Fault Diagnosis method, moves one by one each subsystem (or parts) of frequency converter and relatively realizes fault diagnosis according to actual feedback signal and standard feedback signal.
According to the one side of exemplary embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of Converter Fault Diagnosis method.Described application of frequency converter is in the frequency conversion speed-adjusting system of motor-frequency converter-electrical network composition, and described frequency converter comprises controller and the intrinsic sensor of controlling described frequency converter.Whether described method for diagnosing faults comprises the steps: to detect frequency converter in stopped status; in the time detecting that frequency converter is shut down; controller starts the parts of frequency converter one by one; and judge by the running status of the intrinsic sensor detection frequency converter parts of described frequency converter whether corresponding parts break down, and locate the source of trouble.
Preferably; described frequency converter also comprises DC bus, be connected to motor side transducer and grid side transducer on DC bus, be connected to motor side transducer motor side isolating switch, be connected to the grid side isolating switch of grid side transducer, the precharge loop that is connected in parallel with grid side isolating switch and the Support Capacitor of DC bus; wherein; stopped status represents that motor side isolating switch and grid side isolating switch are in off-state, and motor side transducer, grid side transducer quit work.
Preferably, the step of the location source of trouble comprises: whether detection of grid breaks down; Whether if determine, grid side does not break down, and by described precharge loop, DC bus and Support Capacitor is carried out to precharge, detect DC bus and Support Capacitor and break down; If determine, DC bus and Support Capacitor do not break down, and stop the precharge in described precharge loop, closed grid side isolating switch, and whether detection of grid side converter breaks down; If determine grid side transducer do not break down, detect brake unit and whether break down, and if determine brake unit do not break down, detect motor side transducer and whether break down.
Preferably, the step of the state of detection of grid comprises: the state of at least one detection of grid in absolute value, mains frequency and the electrical network electromotive force of the three-phase voltage based on electrical network.
Preferably, the step that detects the state of DC bus and Support Capacitor comprises: the magnitude of voltage that starts the DC bus at rear different time points place based on precharge calculates the capacitance of DC bus, and detects the state of DC bus and Support Capacitor based on the capacitance calculating.
Preferably, the step of detection of grid side converter state comprises: the state of the detection of characteristic parameters grid side transducer while work based on grid side transducer.
Preferably, the step that detects the state of brake unit comprises: apply pulse pwm signal to brake unit, and detect the state of brake unit based on brake unit for the response of described pwm signal.
Preferably, the step that detects motor side transducer status comprises: apply pulse pwm signal to motor side transducer, and electric current based on flow through motor side transducer in response to described pwm signal detects the state of motor side transducer.
Preferably, described method for diagnosing faults also can comprise step: the result that shows and record detection.
Preferably, the motor side transducer of described frequency converter is the exchange-direct current power electronics translation circuit that adopts full-control type power device composition with grid side transducer, described full-control type power device comprises mos field effect transistor (MOSFET), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT), gate level turn-off thyristor (GTO), and described Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit comprises two Level Full Bridges, diode clamp type three Level Full Bridges, striding capacitance type three Level Full Bridges.
Preferably,, the transducer of described frequency converter and motor composition frequency conversion speed-adjusting system, wherein, described motor comprises permagnetic synchronous motor, electric excitation synchronous motor, squirrel cage asynchronous motor, wire-wound asynchronous motor.
The Converter Fault Diagnosis method of design according to the present invention, utilize the intrinsic controller of frequency converter and sensor, by making frequency converter work in fault diagnosis model, and in this process, start one by one the parts of frequency converter, relatively realize fault diagnosis according to actual feedback signal and standard feedback signal, thereby avoid influencing each other between frequency converter subsystem, and then not only realized Converter Fault Diagnosis, also taken into account preferably and reduced costs and the requirement that improves versatility.
Brief description of the drawings
By the description of embodiment being carried out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, these and/or other aspect of the present invention and advantage will become clear and be easier to be understood.
Fig. 1 illustrates the frequency conversion speed-adjusting system schematic diagram according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the process flow diagram of Converter Fault Diagnosis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
The equivalent circuit diagram of motor when Fig. 3 is static state.
Embodiment
Now the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, its sample table shows in the accompanying drawings, and wherein, identical label represents same parts all the time.Below with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiment is described to explain the present invention.
The Converter Fault Diagnosis method of design according to the present invention, utilize the intrinsic controller of frequency converter and sensor, by making frequency converter work in fault diagnosis model, and in this process, start one by one the parts of frequency converter, relatively realize fault diagnosis according to actual feedback signal and standard feedback signal, thereby avoid influencing each other between frequency converter subsystem, and then not only realized Converter Fault Diagnosis, also taken into account preferably and reduced costs and the requirement that improves versatility.
According to the present invention, the fault diagnosis model of design is a kind of special running status of frequency converter, its objective is the fault of diagnosis frequency converter.Frequency converter under described fault diagnosis model, the normal work such as can not carry out that motor drags.In other words, frequency converter should just can enter described fault diagnosis model after stopped status, or frequency converter has stopped operation automatically or manually because of fault.
In addition, according to the present invention, the Converter Fault Diagnosis method of design is to not concrete restriction of the motor as controlled device, and described motor can be that permagnetic synchronous motor, electric excitation synchronous motor, squirrel cage asynchronous motor, wire-wound asynchronous motor etc. are multiple.
Below, describe in detail according to the frequency converter of exemplary embodiment of the present invention and Converter Fault Diagnosis method in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 illustrates the frequency conversion speed-adjusting system diagram according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, frequency converter 100 comprises motor side isolating switch 102, motor side transducer 103, DC bus 110, brake unit 104, Support Capacitor 105, grid side transducer 106, wave filter 107, precharge loop 108, grid side isolating switch 109 and controller 120.
As shown in Figure 1, motor side transducer 103 and grid side transducer 106 are connected to DC bus 110.Motor side transducer 103 and grid side transducer 106 comprise the three-phase bridge structure that uses full-control type power device.Motor side transducer 103 is connected on the interchange extension line 101 of motor 200 by motor side isolating switch 102.Be connected to brake unit 104 between DC bus 110 prevents DC bus 110 overtension by consuming excess energy.Be connected to Support Capacitor 105 between DC bus 110 for reducing the voltage fluctuation of DC bus 110.In addition the precharge loop 108 being connected in parallel with grid side isolating switch 109, is used for limiting the charging current of pre-charge process.
In addition, the motor side transducer 103 in described frequency converter 100 and grid side transducer 106 can be various structures forms.Three-phase pulse width modulated (PWM) output that motor side transducer 103 and grid side transducer 106 should response controller 120 provide, and the operation of performer on/off.Meet motor side transducer 103 and the grid side transducer 106 of this requirement, its power component can be the multiple full-control type devices such as mos field effect transistor (MOSFET), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT), gate level turn-off thyristor (GTO), and power electronics topology form can be the various ways such as two Level Full Bridges, diode clamp type three Level Full Bridges, striding capacitance type three Level Full Bridges.
Have as follows in the Converter Fault Diagnosis mode of Fig. 1 structure: a) controller 120 detection of grid 300 three-phase voltages, controller 120 uses phaselocked loop (PLL) algorithm measurement mains frequency and phase place, judges electrical network 300 short circuits, opens circuit, the fault such as phase sequence wrong; B) the precharge contactor in closed precharge loop 108, detects DC bus-bar voltage temporal evolution value, judges precharge contactor operation irregularity fault and Support Capacitor 105 capacitance abnormal failures; C) start grid side transducer 106, judge grid side full-control type power device, grid side power measurement fault according to parameters such as the electric currents of DC bus-bar voltage, grid side transducer 106; D) controller 120 sends pwm signal and drives brake unit 104 to work, and detects and flow through the electric current of brake unit 104, judges braking power device fault and braking resistor resistance abnormal failure; E) adhesive motor side isolating switch 102, controller 120 sends PMW signal drive motor side converter 103 and works, and exchanges the electric current of extension line 101 by detecting motor, calculates motor resistance, and judging the fault of motor side transducer 103, motor exchanges extension line 101 Wiring faults; F) show the fault detecting, the method for prompting user handling failure.
, describe Converter Fault Diagnosis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in detail in conjunction with Fig. 1 and 2 below, wherein, Fig. 2 illustrates the process flow diagram of Converter Fault Diagnosis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Step S110, frequency converter 100 enters fault diagnosis model.
Under fault diagnosis model, all internal parts of frequency converter 100 quit work, and motor side isolating switch 102 and grid side isolating switch 109 disconnect.
After entering fault mode, controller 120 is by all parts that starts one by one frequency converter as shown in step S120 to S160, to locate the source of trouble.In step S120 to S160, if determine the source of trouble, the backed off after random that reports an error, otherwise proceed to next step.The fault detect mode of all parts is described based on step S120 to S160 below.
Step S120, whether detection of grid 300 breaks down.
For convenience of description, below taking rated voltage as 690V, the electrical network that rated frequency is 50Hz is example.The three-phase voltage value of detection of grid, if the continuous 20ms of the absolute value of three-phase line voltage is less than the specified line voltage 690V of the 50%(of rated line voltage peak value, 50% of rated line voltage peak value is 487.9V), be judged to be electrical network Wiring faults.
In addition, can use the known phaselocked loop of field of power electronics (PLL) algorithm, according to three-phase voltage, mains frequency and electrical network electromotive force are calculated in input.If mains frequency is greater than 150% or mains frequency of rated frequency and is less than 50% of rated frequency, be judged to be electrical network line phase sequence connection error fault; If the absolute value of electrical network electromotive force is less than 90% of the specified electromotive force absolute value of electrical network, or the absolute value of electrical network electromotive force is greater than 110% of the specified electromotive force of electrical network, is judged to be electrical network electromotive force abnormal failure.
If detect in step S120, electrical network 300 does not break down, and performs step S130, and the precharge contactor in adhesive precharge loop 108 carries out precharge to Support Capacitor 105.By detecting for zero moment, and the DC bus-bar voltage in precharge Δ t moment judges whether DC bus 110 and Support Capacitor 105 break down
The capacitance computing formula of Support Capacitor 105 is:
In formula (1), C is the capacitance of Support Capacitor 105; Δ t is time difference; R is the resistance in precharge loop 108; U
0be the voltage of the DC bus 110 in zero moment; U
tfor DC bus 110 voltages after the charging Δ t moment; U
*for the voltage of the DC bus 110 of stable state, this numerical value is determined by line voltage.Because the resistance value R in precharge loop 108 predicts, can be calculated by (1) formula the capacitance of Support Capacitor 105.
If the Support Capacitor calculating 105 capacitance C are less than its theoretical capacitance 80%, be judged to be the low fault of Support Capacitor; If the Support Capacitor calculating 105 capacitance C are greater than its theoretical capacitance 120%, be judged to be the high fault of Support Capacitor.If the voltage of DC bus 110 is less than 50% of U* after 5 seconds, be judged to be the short trouble of DC bus 110.
If detect in step S130, DC bus 110 and Support Capacitor 105 do not break down, perform step S140, disconnect described precharge loop 108 in precharge contactor, closed grid side isolating switch 109, start grid side transducer 106, and detect it and whether break down.
Characteristic parameter when controller 120 can be worked by grid side transducer 106 judges whether grid side transducer 106 breaks down, and characteristic parameter comprises DC bus-bar voltage, grid side transducer 106 electric currents, grid side transducer 106 power calculation values etc.In the time that grid side transducer 106 is worked, if the average voltage of DC bus 110 does not reach the predeterminated voltage of DC bus 110 or continues the poor default limit value that reports an error, the definite electric voltage exception fault that DC bus 110 has occurred of being greater than of voltage standard of 10 seconds DC buss 110; If any phase current effective value is greater than 10A, determine the power device fault that grid side transducer 106 has occurred; If grid side active power is greater than 1% of rated power, determines net side active power metering fault has occurred; If grid side reactive power absolute value is greater than 1% of rated power, determines grid side reactive power metering fault has occurred.
Whether if determine in step S140, grid side transducer 106 does not break down, perform step S150 detection brake unit 104 and break down.
Pwm signal is applied to brake unit 104 by controller 120, and whether electric current based on flow through brake unit 104 in response to this pwm signal detects brake unit 104 and break down.
For example, the pwm signal that controller 120 is 50% by dutycycle is applied to brake unit 104 continuous three times, to drive the full-control type power device in brake unit 104 to carry out switch motion and detect the electric current that flows through brake unit 104.It is a kind of pulse-width signal that PWM drives signal, comprising " 0 " and " 1 " two level.In the time being applied with level "0", the full-control type power device in brake unit 104 is in off-state; And in the time being applied with level"1", the full-control type power device in brake unit 104 is in conducting state.In the time being applied with level "0", the electric current that flows through brake unit 104 is 0; And while being applied with level"1", the electric current that flows through brake unit 104 is I
chopper, can calculate braking resistor by following (2) formula.
R
chopper=U
dc/I
chopper (2)
Wherein, U
dcfor DC bus 110 voltages, I
chopperfor flowing through the electric current of brake unit 104, R
chopperfor the resistance of brake unit 104.If I
chopperbe less than theoretical value 50%, or be greater than theoretical value 150%, determine brake unit power device fault occurs; If the R calculating
chopperbe less than theoretical value 80% or be greater than 120% of theoretical value, determine and occur as braking resistor abnormal failure.
Whether if determine in step S150, brake unit 104 does not break down, perform step S160 detection motor side transducer 103 and break down.
Controller 120 sends pwm signal, and the full-control type power device in drive motor side converter carries out switch motion, detects the electric current that flows through described full-control type power device, connects fault and full-control type power device fault with this detection streamer.
Figure 3 shows that equivalent electrical circuit when motor is static.First send to A phase full-control type power device and B phase full-control type power device the pwm signal that dutycycle is constant, C phase full-control type power device keeps closing, and current of electric formula is as shown in (3) formula:
Wherein, U
dcfor DC bus-bar voltage, P
a1, P
b1the A phase PWM dutycycle and B phase PWM dutycycle of motor while being the 1st test; R
sA, R
sB, R
sCfor motor three-phase resistance; L
a, L
b, L
cfor motor threephase stator inductance; i
a1, i
b1the stator current of motor 200 while being the 1st test.The dutycycle of sending due to controller 120 is constant, and the electric current obtaining is also steady state value, and inductance both end voltage is zero,
(3) formula can be reduced to:
If i
a1=i
b1=0, determine that motor side occurs exchanges extension line 101 open circuit faults; If i in the scope allowing in error
a1≠ i
b1, determine motor side transducer 103 full-control type power device faults.
Complete after above-mentioned steps, respectively, to B, C phase, A, C apply short-time pulse mutually, obtain formula (5) (6)
Wherein, P
a*, P
b*, P
c*be respectively the PWM dutycycle of A, B, C three-phase, i
a*, i
b*, i
c*the electric current (*=1,2,3) that is respectively the full-control type power device of A, B, C three-phase, can calculate R according to formula (4) (5) (6)
sA, R
sB, R
sC.If the resistance value calculating be less than stator theoretical resistance 80% or be greater than stator theoretical resistance 120%, determine motor 200 abnormal parameters faults occur.
In order as above execution step S120 to S160 process, determine the source of trouble, proceed to step S180, record and the demonstration backed off after random that reports an error, otherwise proceed to next step.If by step S120 to S160, fault do not detected, show testing process general data at step S170, and exit.
Although represent and described embodiments of the invention with reference to its exemplary embodiments, to illustrate principle of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment that represents and describe.Should be appreciated that, in the case of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention that are defined by the following claims, those skilled in the art can carry out various variations and amendment.Therefore, should be appreciated that, such variation, amendment and equivalent thereof all comprise within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a Converter Fault Diagnosis method, described application of frequency converter is in the frequency conversion speed-adjusting system of motor-frequency converter-electrical network composition, described frequency converter comprises controller and the intrinsic sensor of controlling described frequency converter, it is characterized in that, described method for diagnosing faults comprises the steps:
Whether detect frequency converter in stopped status,
In the time detecting that frequency converter is shut down, controller starts the parts of frequency converter one by one, and judges by the running status of the intrinsic sensor detection frequency converter parts of described frequency converter whether corresponding parts break down, and locates the source of trouble.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein, described frequency converter also comprises DC bus, be connected to motor side transducer and grid side transducer on DC bus, be connected to motor side transducer motor side isolating switch, be connected to the grid side isolating switch of grid side transducer, the precharge loop that is connected in parallel with grid side isolating switch and the Support Capacitor of DC bus
Wherein, stopped status represents that motor side isolating switch and grid side isolating switch are in off-state, and motor side transducer, grid side transducer quit work;
Wherein, the step of the location source of trouble comprises:
Whether detection of grid breaks down;
Whether if determine, grid side does not break down, and by described precharge loop, DC bus and Support Capacitor is carried out to precharge, detect DC bus and Support Capacitor and break down;
If determine, DC bus and Support Capacitor do not break down, and stop the precharge in described precharge loop, closed grid side isolating switch, and whether detection of grid side converter breaks down;
If determine, grid side transducer does not break down, detect brake unit and whether break down,
Whether if determine, brake unit does not break down, detect motor side transducer and break down.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the step of the state of detection of grid comprises: the state of at least one detection of grid in absolute value, mains frequency and the electrical network electromotive force of the three-phase voltage based on electrical network.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the step that detects the state of DC bus and Support Capacitor comprises:
The magnitude of voltage that starts the DC bus at rear different time points place based on precharge calculates the capacitance of DC bus, and detects the state of DC bus and Support Capacitor based on the capacitance calculating.
5. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the step of detection of grid side converter state comprises:
The state of the detection of characteristic parameters grid side transducer while work based on grid side transducer.
6. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the step that detects the state of brake unit comprises:
Apply pulse pwm signal to brake unit, and detect the state of brake unit based on brake unit for the response of described pwm signal.
7. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the step that detects motor side transducer status comprises:
Apply pulse pwm signal to motor side transducer, and electric current based on flow through motor side transducer in response to described pwm signal detects the state of motor side transducer.
8. the method for claim 1, also comprises step: the result that shows and record detection.
9. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein,
The motor side transducer of described frequency converter is the exchange-direct current power electronics translation circuit that adopts full-control type power device composition with grid side transducer,
Described full-control type power device comprises mos field effect transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor, integrated gate commutated thyristor, gate level turn-off thyristor,
Described Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit comprises two Level Full Bridges, diode clamp type three Level Full Bridges, striding capacitance type three Level Full Bridges.
10. the method for claim 1, wherein the transducer of described frequency converter and motor form frequency conversion speed-adjusting system, and wherein, described motor comprises permagnetic synchronous motor, electric excitation synchronous motor, squirrel cage asynchronous motor, wire-wound asynchronous motor.
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