CN103900958B - A kind of seal coating and material evaluated can the method for scraping performance - Google Patents
A kind of seal coating and material evaluated can the method for scraping performance Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 229910000632 Alusil Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to seal coating and Material Field, being specially a kind of seal coating and material evaluated can the method for scraping performance, by simulating the scraping situation under working condition on high-speed and high-temperature scraping abrasion tester, set up Wear Mechanisms Map, it is judged that optimize coating and the material being applicable to corresponding service condition.The present invention evaluates seal coating and material can the experimental technique of scraping performance, it is simulated testing with the scraping under worst hot case at a high speed for Service Environment, obtain concrete friction sealed pair by rotating speed, temperature, test data under the influence of scraping mode and the condition such as scraping speed and the degree of depth, condition transition according to Wear Mechanism sets up suitable engineering criterion, be applicable to evaluate seal coating and material can scraping performance, the friction especially sealed turbojet engine gas circuit is joined pair and is waited the scraping abrasional behavior evaluation under high-speed and high-temperature to have engineering significance, can be high-speed and high-temperature tribological Properties and the new material research and development offer technological guidance of material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seal coating and Material Field, be specially one evaluation seal coating and material can be ploughing
The method of energy, by the fretting wear of the simulated condition evaluation to the tribological property of material.
Background technology
Seal coating and material are applicable to the seal friction of scraping to join pair, to reduce seal clearance, it is to avoid join pair
The frictionally damage of parts, improves leakage efficiency.Research shows: applies and can scrape in turbojet engine gas circuit seals
Cutting seal coating, high-pressure turbine blade tip gas circuit gap can be made to reduce 0.254mm, fuel efficiency can improve about 1%；
Making compressor radial clearance reduce 0.076mm, fuel efficiency can increase about 1%.Therefore, aviation, naval vessel,
In the critical seal parts in the field such as automobile, electric power, this technology is applied all to achieve positive effect.
The military service operating mode of seal coating and material is the harshest, is high speed (in turbojet engine gas circuit seals
As more than hundred meter per seconds) and the complex conditions swiped of high temperature (from room temperature to up to 1000 DEG C).And portion at different levels
Part is in the speed height that different speed and temperature parameter matching state, fan and compressor section need, and temperature is relatively
Low (generally below 450 DEG C)；Turbine section then because blade diameter is relatively small speed relatively low (about 150～
200 meter per seconds), temperature then may be up to more than 1000 DEG C.For ensureing that seal coating and material possess reliable usage
Performance, first requires that seal coating and material possess preferentially by scraping when coming in contact with friction pair and rubbing
Performance, and rotatable parts (blade of electromotor or comb tooth etc.) are not damaged or only produces tolerable damage,
Can accurate fit or adapt to rub pair shape to ensure the optimal working clearance.Require also have well simultaneously
Antifriction performance to reduce friction energy loss, worn-out surface is smooth and abrasive dust is tiny.Needed for all parts
The difference of operating mode, need the multiple coating material used to include: the rubber that easily rubs, kieselguhr, alusil alloy,
Nickel graphite, nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium coating, and zirconium oxide and yittrium oxide composite ceramic coat etc., material then have wear-resisting from
Lubriation material and cellular material etc..They are except having the most wear-resisting, heat-resisting, anti-corrosion, antioxidation, anti-impact
The key propertys such as erosion, be also satisfied " can ploughing (abradability) " in scraping process.
As evaluating seal coating and the important engineering criterion of material compatibility, " can ploughing (abradability) "
First require that seal coating and material possess when coming in contact with friction pair and rubbing preferentially by the performance of scraping,
Rotatable parts (blade of electromotor or comb tooth etc.) are not damaged or are only produced tolerable damage, can be accurately
Coordinate or adapt to the shape to pair of rubbing to ensure the optimal working clearance.Require that also there is good antifriction simultaneously
Performance is to reduce friction energy loss, and worn-out surface is smooth and abrasive dust is tiny.
That evaluates seal coating and material can be ploughing, it is necessary to uses the operating mode of scraping under simulation high-speed and high-temperature to carry out
Experiment.Existing result of study is it has been shown that use the mechanical and physical performances such as simple measurement hardness and often carry out
The wear test of rule evaluates wearability, the experimental result drawn evaluate can ploughing on actual with engineering differ
Relatively big, and reality application is not had the effect of guidance.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of evaluate seal coating and material can the test method of scraping performance, solve
Certainly prior art can also exist experimental result and differ greatly with engineering practice by scraping method for testing performance, it is impossible to
Reality is applied the problem playing directive function.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of evaluate seal coating and material can the method for scraping performance, by high-speed and high-temperature friction-wear test
Carry out the scraping experiment under the conditions of simulated condition on machine, set up Wear Mechanisms Map, it is judged that be applicable under service condition
Coating and material, specifically include the steps:
1) need selected specific experiment parameter according to simulated condition, and work out on computers according to experiment parameter
Experimental arrangement, carries out computer simulation operation, confirms that process is errorless, and saves backup；
The concrete effect of this step is: the rotating speed set, temperature, scraping feeding parameter are carried out joint debugging, makes reality
Test setting operation and meet expection purpose, and verify in computer simulation runs；
2) testing machine is debugged by experiment parameter as required, then installs friction pair sample operation test machine
Collection can experimental data measured directly；
3) experimental data recorded carrying out process and obtains a series of experimental data that collects, drafting with experiment parameter is
The Wear Mechanisms Map of variable, according to can ploughing criterion judge to be applicable to the coating under corresponding working condition and material.
Described testing machine uses the Chinese patent of Patent No. 200910249051.7, patent name: a kind of high speed
High temperature multifunction friction wear testing machine.
The described testing machine range of speeds 240～24000rpm., relative motion linear velocity is 10m/s～450m/s,
Heating-up temperature carries out swiping and CONTACT WITH FRICTION with pin/block or ring/block mode from room temperature to 1200 DEG C, friction pair.
Described step 2) testing machine is debugged method particularly includes:
(1) frequency control parameter and acceleration curve are set to reach and the spindle speed of Control release requirement；
(2) torquemeter of the moment of torsion that tests the speed, surveys is carried out zeroing process, make rotation sample pin or the no-load speed of ring
Reaching the condition of steady testing requirement, torque value when not loading is demarcated as zero；
(3) according to the requirement of experimental temperature, the size and location of regulation heating region, carry out sample computer heating control；
(4) select to rotate sample pin or ring contact point on translation sample blocks, set translation sample blocks and rotation
Sample pin or ring start the starting point of scraping；
(5) select the scraping invasion speed on translation sample blocks and the degree of depth, set scraping wear extent.
Described experiment parameter includes: preset rotating speed and target velocity curve, relative motion linear velocity, preset temperature,
Scraping invasion speed, the degree of depth and feeding mode.
Described step 2) experimental data that directly records, through the measurement of testing machine, and process through computer
System-computed obtains collecting experimental data, including: rotation speed change, variations in temperature, energy loss, actual measurement scraping
The degree of depth, coefficient of friction, wear extent, can the scraping factor and polishing scratch situation.
Described computer processing system includes:
Data accept module, accept from the experimental data measured directly of testing machine and send processing module to；
Processing module, carries out being calculated derivative experiment according to the calculation command stored by the experimental data of measurement
Data are also sent to image processing module；
Image processing module, data are accepted the experimental data of module and the derivative experimental data of processing module according to
Operational order makes form, curve, data decimation image result, draws Wear Mechanisms Map on demand.
Described step 3) can ploughing criterion be: in the size of coefficient of friction numerical value and stability, friction process
The number of energy loss and to the part that rubs when seal coating and material have identical wear extent, both wear extent ratios
The size of value.
Present invention have the advantage that and beneficial effect:
(1) what the present invention proposed evaluates the experimental technique that seal coating and material can be ploughing, for Service Environment
It is simulated testing with the scraping under worst hot case at a high speed, it is thus achieved that concrete friction pair is in speed, temperature, scraping side
Experimental data under the influence of formula and the condition such as scraping speed and the degree of depth, setting up suitable engineering criterion evaluation can scraping
Property.Experimental data includes: the coefficient of friction in scraping wear process, scraping energy loss (moment of torsion and speed
The changing value of degree), friction Temperature Rise, wear extent (wear weight loss and polishing scratch length), and actual scratch depth (enters
The amount of invading) etc..The present invention proposes and a kind of evaluates the effective ways that seal coating and material can be ploughing, i.e. carries out
The high-speed and high-temperature scraping experiment of simulated condition, it is thus achieved that concrete friction pair by speed, temperature, scraping mode and is scraped
Wipe the experimental data under the influence of the conditions such as speed and the degree of depth, directive function effectively is played in reality experiment.
(2) Wear Mechanisms Map that the present invention is set up by simulated condition experiment, can be as engineering criterion, it is judged that envelope
Tight coating and the service condition of compatible materials, it is possible to several sample of comparative evaluation under identical working condition can
Scraping performance indications excellent, solve during such as turbojet engine gas circuit seals can scraping seal coating can scraping
The key issue that performance evaluation is difficult.
(3) friction wear test method of simulated condition of the present invention, it is adaptable to evaluate seal coating and material can be scraped
Cutting performance, the scraping abrasional behavior that the friction especially sealed turbojet engine gas circuit is joined under the high-speed and high-temperatures such as pair is commented
Valency has Engineering Guidance meaning, can be evaluate the high-speed and high-temperature tribological property of material and friction pair preferably and new
Material development provides technical support.
(4) present invention proposes the testing machine function that should possess and the experiment number that should record that experiment relates to
According to result, it may be assumed that function includes that high speed, high temperature and scraping combine with fretting wear, can be with preset rotating speed and mesh
Mark rate curve, relative motion linear velocity, preset temperature, scraping invasion speed, the degree of depth and feeding mode；Survey
The experimental data of amount includes coefficient of friction, velocity variations, variations in temperature, energy loss, actual measurement scraping deeply
Degree, wear extent, can the scraping factor and polishing scratch situation etc.；The parameter needing testing machine to possess be the range of speeds 240～
24000rpm., relative motion linear velocity is 10m/s to 450m/s, and heating-up temperature is from room temperature to 1200 DEG C.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the high-speed and high-temperature scraping experiment machine used by the present invention；Wherein, (a) is main regarding
Figure, (b) is B-B sectional view.In figure, 1 motor；2 servomotors；3 longitudinal slide units；4 dynamometry systems
System；5 horizontal slide units；6 sample fixed supports；7 temperature measuring equipments；8 heaters；9 rotation dishes；10 moments of torsion
Instrument；11 electro spindle；12 grating sensors；13 guide rails；14 rotate sample；15 translation samples.
Fig. 2 is major parameter and the measurement data block diagram that the present invention is simulated working condition experimenting.
Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram of computer processing system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of computer processing system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention carries out can several wear mechanism illustrated examples of ploughing evaluation；Wherein, (a) is linear speed
Degree-temperature relation figure；B () is the wear extent variation relation figure with linear velocity and temperature；C () is that wear mechanism turns
Type figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Being described principle and the feature of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example is served only for explaining the present invention,
It is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention uses Chinese Patent Application No. to be the testing machine in 200910249051.7, such as Fig. 1 (a)
Shown in, the structural representation of the high-speed and high-temperature scraping experiment machine used by the present invention, translation sample 15(block) peace
It is contained on fixed support 6, rotates sample 14(pin or ring) it is arranged on rotation dish 9, by the height of rotation dish 9
Speed rotates feeding (invasion) motion with longitudinal slide unit 3 and constitutes the relative contact movement of friction pair.Test
Time, the frequency control parameter of the most preset electro spindle 11 and acceleration curve are with the main shaft reached and Control release requires
Speed.Again the torquemeter 10 of the moment of torsion that tests the speed, surveys is carried out zeroing process, make the sky of rotation sample (pin or ring)
Carrying speed and reach the condition of steady testing requirement, torque value when not loading is demarcated as zero.And according to experimental temperature
Requirement, by irradiation optically focused nonstorage calorifier 8 and temperature measuring equipment 7(infrared radiation thermometer or thermocouple) carry out
Sample computer heating control, the size and location of heating region is ensured by regulation focus.As shown in Fig. 1 (b), for
High-speed and high-temperature scraping experiment machine B-B sectional view of the present invention, regulation motor 1 controls horizontal slide unit 5 along guide rail
13 critically move in X-direction, select the contact rotating sample (pin or ring) on translation sample (block)
Point, then adjust servomotor 2 and drive longitudinal slide unit 3 to set translation sample (block) and rotate sample on (pin or ring)
Start the starting point of scraping.Select the scraping invasion speed on translation sample blocks and the degree of depth, set scraping wear extent.
Determining under constant speed feed mode, using this as the zero point of data acquisition, all experimentations are required measures parameter
Starting point all arrive as reference with longitudinal slide unit 3, scratch depth and feed speed are also with this point as reference origin.
Preheat and set adjustment to measuring sensor: in experimentation, the actual displacement amount of Y-axis is by high accuracy light
Gate sensor 12 measures, computer system gather and process；The two-way dynamometric system 4 of high frequency response is arranged on
Between longitudinal slide unit 3 and sample fixed support 6, the tangential force of the experimentation generation recorded and normal force signal
Send computer processing system collection and process, in order to calculate coefficient of friction and energy variation situation.According to predetermined party
The conditions such as speed, temperature, scratch depth, feed speed, feeding curve and the number of repetition that case needs, establishment
Computer experimental arrangement dry run.After the inspection of all processes is errorless, the most empirically step carries out heating liter
Temperature, spindle operation and the operation of sample feeding, measure related experiment parameter and data result.Measure wear extent and
Polishing scratch observation needs to take off sample, carries out on corresponding instrument and equipment.Testing machine need the range of speeds 240～
24000rpm., relative motion linear velocity is 10m/s to 450m/s, and heating-up temperature, from room temperature to 1200 DEG C, is rubbed
Wipe pair to carry out swiping and CONTACT WITH FRICTION with pin (ring)/block mode.
As important experimental results can ploughing criterion be: coefficient of friction numerical value in experimentation is less and steady
The person of determining, can keep stable can be ploughing；In friction process, energy loss is little, and surface temperature rise little person have preferably
Can be ploughing；To the part that rubs (blade etc.) when seal coating and material have identical wear extent, both mills
The ratio of damage amount (call in the following text can scraping factor S), this value is the least, shows that the damage to the part that rubs (blade etc.) is the least；
Basis for estimation transition of wear mechanism is the states such as adhesion, scorch occur to the part that rubs (blade etc.), now
With coefficient of friction, sudden change occurs.
The present invention evaluate seal coating and material can the experimental technique of scraping performance, specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) according to the selected specific experiment parameter that needs of simulated condition: preset rotating speed and target velocity curve, phase
To line of motion speed, preset temperature, scratch depth, feeding (invasion) speed and feeding mode (constant speed, change
Speed and advance and retreat combination etc.) as shown in Figure 2；
(2) establishment experimental arrangement, carries out computer simulation operation through input testing machine, checks that errorless rear preservation is standby
With；The concrete effect of this step is: the rotating speed set, temperature, scraping feeding parameter are carried out joint debugging, makes reality
Test setting operation and meet expection purpose, and verify in computer simulation runs；
(3) installing sample, Adjustment Tests machine enters test and prepares；
(4) firing test machine, running experiment program, gather relevant experimental data, relevant experimental data bag
Include rotation speed change, variations in temperature, energy loss, actual measurement scratch depth, coefficient of friction, wear extent, can scraping
The factor and polishing scratch situation, as shown in Figure 2.
(5) experimental arrangement end of run, stops testing machine, processes the experimental data gathered and measure mill
Damage amount, employing optics or electron microscope observation polishing scratch.
As it is shown on figure 3, computer processing system of the present invention includes: data accept module, for accepting from examination
Test the experimental data measured directly of machine, and send processing module to；Data processing module, for by measurement
Experimental data carries out being calculated derivative experimental data according to the calculation command stored, and is sent to image procossing
Module；Image processing module, for accepting the experimental data of module and the derivative experiment number of processing module by data
It is depicted as Wear Mechanisms Map according to according to operational order；Data judging module, accepts the abrasion machine of image processing module
Drawing, and ploughing criterion can judge suitable operating mode according to what program was arranged.By above-mentioned process, work
Make personnel and can learn whether measured sample meets the needs of reality of work situation quickly.
As shown in Figure 4, computer processing system is used to be analyzed processing to the experimental data obtained, concrete mistake
Journey is as follows:
First accept the experimental data (step S41) directly obtained, be analyzed experimental data processing (step
S42), according to experiment parameter draw Wear Mechanisms Map Wear Mechanisms Map (S43), distinguish and judge wear mechanism and
Transition condition.
Wherein, draw the Wear Mechanisms Map with experiment parameter as variable, can be as the experiment of two dimension independent variable coordinate
Main wire speed-the temperature of parameter, linear velocity-feeding (invasion) speed, linear velocity-scratch depth, and phase
Mutually combination etc., dependent variable mainly have coefficient of friction, wear extent, energy consumption, can scraping factor S and adhesion, table
The criterion factor that the wear mechanisms such as face burn make the transition.Aforesaid independent variable also can be combined with dependent variable, sets up three-dimensional
Coordinate is to judge the condition that wear mechanism makes the transition.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the inventive method is further described.
Embodiment
Use the present invention evaluate seal coating and material can the method for scraping performance, for turbojet engine gas circuit
In sealing, as a example by pair is joined in the friction that the nickel graphite seal coating that compressor section is commonly used and titanium alloy blade form, right
The operating mode of friction pair is analyzed calculating, and determines that its relative motion linear velocity is up to 350m/s, and temperature is room
Temperature～300 DEG C, coating allow scratch depth be 1mm.Accordingly carry out swipe experiment parameter setting: linear speed
Degree selects 50m/s, 100m/s, 150m/s, 200m/s and 350m/s, and temperature is room temperature and 300 DEG C, in advance
Putting scratch depth is 0.5mm and 1mm, feeding (invasion) speed 0.05mm/s, 0.1mm/s and 0.2mm/s,
Need altogether the experiment carried out be 180 groups (parallel be repeated 3 times).Nickel graphite seal coating sample is designated as A sample,
Another comparative sample is arranged on sample fixed support 6 as translation sample (block) as B sample, sample,
Titanium alloy blade sample is arranged on rotation dish 9, by the high-speed rotation of rotation dish 9 as rotating sample (pin)
Feeding (invasion) motion with longitudinal slide unit 3 constitutes the relative contact movement of friction pair, because rotating sample (pin)
It is that the end face of 2 dentations contacts with the coating sample of translation, therefore is formed and scrape scrape along scraping.
Experimental data according to recording sets up Wear Mechanisms Map, determines that it can ploughing queuing and suitable work
Condition parameter region, is preferably applied to seal coating and the material of actual working conditions.
As shown in Fig. 5 (a), carry out testing the experimental data obtained according to above-mentioned method and draw Wear Mechanisms Map.
Curve a1 corresponding A sample, curve a2 correspondence B sample, it can be seen that A sample compare B sample adapt to can scraping bar
Part is wider.
As shown in Fig. 5 (b), it is less that B sample wear extent at identical conditions compared by A sample, it is determined that A
Sample scraping performance can be better than B sample under this operating mode.
As shown in Fig. 5 (c), give a kind of typical seal coating wear mechanism situation transition, as A sample
Abrasion system transition figure, show the change with speed and temperature, wear mechanism from slight scraping C1 to cutting C2,
To occurring adhesion C3, oxidative wear C4 to change, it can ploughing be deteriorated.The region of slight scraping and cutting is big,
Then can scraping better performances.Thus may be used to judge the suitable operating mode of coating, in research new coating and process modification
Aspect provides important references.
Embodiment result shows, the present invention evaluate seal coating and material can the experimental technique of scraping performance, for
Service Environment is simulated at a high speed and scraping experiment under worst hot case, it is thus achieved that concrete friction pair by speed,
Experimental data under the influence of temperature, scraping mode and the condition such as scraping speed and the degree of depth, turning according to wear mechanism
Type condition, setting up suitable engineering criterion evaluation can be ploughing.
Claims (1)
1. one kind evaluate seal coating and material can the method for scraping performance, it is characterized in that, tested by the scraping carried out on high-speed and high-temperature friction wear testing machine under the conditions of simulated condition, set up Wear Mechanisms Map, judge to be applicable to the coating under service condition and material, specifically include the steps:
1) need selected specific experiment parameter according to simulated condition, and work out experimental arrangement according to experiment parameter on computers, carry out computer simulation operation, confirm that process is errorless, and save backup；
The concrete effect of this step is: the rotating speed set, temperature, scraping feeding parameter are carried out joint debugging, makes experiment setting operation meet expection purpose, and verifies in computer simulation runs；
2) testing machine is debugged by experiment parameter as required, and then installing friction pair sample operation test machine collection can experimental data measured directly；
3) experimental data recorded is carried out process and obtains a series of experimental data that collects, draw the Wear Mechanisms Map with experiment parameter as variable, according to can ploughing criterion judge to be applicable to the coating under corresponding working condition and material；
Described testing machine uses the Chinese patent of Patent No. 200910249051.7, patent name: a kind of high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester；
The described testing machine range of speeds 240～24000rpm., relative motion linear velocity is 10m/s～450m/s, and heating-up temperature carries out swiping and CONTACT WITH FRICTION with pin/block or ring/block mode from room temperature to 1200 DEG C, friction pair；
Step 2) testing machine is debugged method particularly includes:
(1) frequency control parameter and acceleration curve are set to reach and the spindle speed of Control release requirement；
(2) torquemeter of the moment of torsion that tests the speed, surveys being carried out zeroing process, make the no-load speed of rotation sample pin or ring reach the condition that steady testing requires, torque value when not loading is demarcated as zero；
(3) according to the requirement of experimental temperature, the size and location of regulation heating region, carry out sample computer heating control；
(4) selecting to rotate sample pin or ring contact point on translation sample blocks, setting translation sample blocks and rotation sample pin or ring start the starting point of scraping；
(5) select the scraping invasion speed on translation sample blocks and the degree of depth, set scraping wear extent；
Described experiment parameter includes: preset rotating speed and target velocity curve, relative motion linear velocity, preset temperature, scraping invasion speed, the degree of depth and feeding mode；
Step 2) experimental data that directly records, measurement through testing machine, and be calculated through computer processing system and to collect experimental data, including: rotation speed change, variations in temperature, energy loss, actual measurement scratch depth, coefficient of friction, wear extent, can the scraping factor and polishing scratch situation；
Described computer processing system includes:
Data accept module, accept from the experimental data measured directly of testing machine and send processing module to；
Processing module, carries out being calculated derivative experimental data and being sent to image processing module according to the calculation command stored by the experimental data of measurement；
Data are accepted the experimental data of module by image processing module and the derivative experimental data of processing module makes form, curve, data decimation image result according to operational order, draw Wear Mechanisms Map on demand；
Draw the Wear Mechanisms Map with experiment parameter as variable, can be as the main wire speed-temperature of experiment parameter of two dimension independent variable coordinate, linear velocity-feed speed, linear velocity-scratch depth, and be mutually combined, dependent variable mainly have coefficient of friction, wear extent, energy consumption, can scraping factor S and adhesion, scorch；Aforesaid independent variable also can be combined with dependent variable, sets up three-dimensional coordinate to judge the condition that wear mechanism makes the transition；
Step 3) can ploughing criterion be: in the size of coefficient of friction numerical value and stability, friction process energy loss number and to the part that rubs when seal coating and material have identical wear extent, the size of both wear extent ratio.
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