CN102116722B - High-speed high-temperature multifunctional friction and abrasion tester - Google Patents
High-speed high-temperature multifunctional friction and abrasion tester Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed high-temperature multifunctional friction and abrasion tester which is especially applicable to simulating the service conditions of the sealed pairs of turbojet engines and solves the problems that the friction pairs in the prior art can not meet the needs of high speed (over 100m/s) and high temperature (up to 1200DEG C) in the aspects of motion line speed and experiment temperature and can not simulate the high-speed high-temperature friction and abrasion conditions of the gas path sealing of the turbojet engines and the like. The tester is provided with a rotation main shaft, a rotation disc, a numerical control sliding table and heating devices, wherein the rotation disc is arranged on the rotation main shaft, a rotation sample is arranged on the rotation disc, the numerical control sliding table is arranged at one side of the rotation main shaft, a translation sample is arranged on the numerical control sliding table and is opposite to the rotation sample to form a friction pair; and the heating devices are arranged at the side of the rotation sample and at the side of the translation sample. By adopting the invention, the high-speed stable rotation of the rotation main shaft of the tester and the rapid heating of surface of the friction pair sample can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, be applicable to the friction and wear behavior of evaluating material under high-speed and high-temperature, be specially adapted to simulate turbojet engine and obturage and join secondary military service operating mode, but estimate seal coating and the scraping performance of material under high-speed and high-temperature.
Background technology
Along with the continuous expansion of engineering field, the military service operating mode of material more and more is harsh.Surpass 100m/s, the situation of serviceability temperature above 1000 ℃ in relative linear velocity, friction pair must satisfy the tribological property requirement under the strict high-speed and high-temperature.For example for improving the efficiency gas of turbojet engine, the material but the high temperature that will select scraping in the gas circuit sealing is obturaged, require it to have outside the excellent high-temperature machinery and physicochemical property, but also should have low friction, low wearing and tearing scraping and the few friction and wear behavior of wear debris.Also have the material of being on active service under many special operation conditions and parts to require tribological property under the excellent high-speed and high-temperature, related to widely engineering field (Aero-Space, High-speed machining, mining, electric power, high-speed transit, weapons etc.).What is more important there are some researches show: under high speed and worst hot case condition, tribology behavior and the usage performance of material (comprising specific alloy or coating) have brand-new characteristics and wear mechanism, experimental study to friction pair has proposed many Secretaries, must simulate to carry out frictional wear experiment research under the high-speed and high-temperature working condition and just can obtain significant result.
General friction wear testing machine can only satisfy the frictional wear experiment needs of material routine, the relative motion linear velocity of friction pair is generally speaking all at per second below ten meters, experimental temperature is the highest to be no more than 850 ℃, and the way of contact that removes the testing machine external friction pair of impact-vibration-type all is continuous sliding friction basically.As: MM2000 ring/piece friction wear testing machine, the willing ring/piece friction wear testing machine of terraced nurse, vertical omnipotent abrasion tester, FALAX sell/coil friction wear testing machine, GW/ML-MS high temperature wear testing machine, CETR multifunction friction wear testing machine etc., on friction pair line of motion speed and experimental temperature, all do not reach the needs of high speed (surpassing hundred meters of per seconds) and high temperature (reaching 1200 ℃), can't simulate the high-speed and high-temperature scraping wear working condition of turbojet engine gas circuit sealing.
Abroad when carrying out this type of high-speed and high-temperature friction-wear test, adopt not stint and build mode near the operating mode stand with the cost of costliness, such as SULZER company and the ROLLS-ROYCE company in the NASA of the U.S., PWA company, Europe.The linear velocity of MMS-1G high temperature and high speed pin dish friction wear testing machine when speed is up to 12000rpm. of latest domestic development is also just near 100m/s, and temperature is 800 ℃.At present, also do not surpass the 100m/s linear velocity, and temperature reaches 1000 ℃ friction wear testing machine.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, solve the needs that on friction pair line of motion speed and experimental temperature, all do not reach at a high speed (surpassing hundred meters of per seconds) and high temperature (reaching 1200 ℃) that exist in the prior art, can't simulate the problems such as high-speed and high-temperature scraping wear working condition of turbojet engine gas circuit sealing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, this testing machine is provided with rotating spindle, rolling disc, nc sliding table, heating arrangement, data acquisition system (DAS), rolling disc is installed on the rotating spindle, the rotation sample is installed on the rolling disc, nc sliding table is arranged at a side of rotating spindle, and the translation sample is installed on the nc sliding table, and the translation sample is oppositely arranged with the rotation sample, consist of friction pair, be provided with heating arrangement in a side of rotating sample and translation sample; The input end connecting test system of data acquisition system (DAS), the output terminal of data acquisition system (DAS) connects computing machine.
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, computing machine is by the circuit actuator, actuator is by the connection digital control system, the output terminal of digital control system connects nc sliding table, digital control system is used for driving nc sliding table, is used for measuring the temperature measuring equipment of specimen temperature by the connection data acquisition system (DAS).
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, rotating spindle adopt electric main shaft directly to drive.
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, the electricity main shaft is installed on the fixed support of foundation base, bearing bridge is installed on the foundation base, rotating spindle is fixed by bearing bridge, it is same that rotating spindle and electric main shaft rotation center keep, and connects torque gauge by shaft coupling between rotating spindle and the electric main shaft.
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, rolling disc comprise rolling disc A and rolling disc B, and rolling disc A is installed on the rotating spindle between bearing bridge, and rolling disc B is installed on the end of rotating spindle.
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, heating arrangement comprises temperature measuring equipment, air cooling equipment, focus adjustment light path, heated light sources, ellipsoidal reflector, on the focus of ellipsoidal reflector heated light sources is installed, the place ahead of ellipsoidal reflector arranges the focus adjustment light path, the rear portion of ellipsoidal reflector arranges air cooling equipment, and ellipsoidal reflector is corresponding with the sample heating region by the focus adjustment light path; Air cooling equipment, focus adjustment light path, heated light sources, ellipsoidal reflector are arranged in the casing, and the bottom of described casing is provided with the locus regulating device, and temperature measuring equipment is connected with attemperating unit.
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, the friction pair that rotates sample and translation sample formation comprises:
When (1) the ring sample side of rotation was as the experiment face, the piece sample was done the Continuous Contact friction under the control of feed arrangement;
When (2) the ring sample side of rotation was as the experiment face, the piece sample was done the interrupted contact friction of advance and retreat combination under the control of feed arrangement;
(3) monodentate or the multiple tooth sample that rotate are swiped to the piece specimen surface on radius of turn, the piece sample with speed of feed, the degree of depth, geometric angle and the feeding parameter set do continuously, the motion of interrupted or its array mode, form continuously or interrupted scraping;
When (4) end face of dish sample was as the experiment face, the pin sample was done the Continuous Contact friction under the control of feed arrangement;
When (5) end face of dish sample was as the experiment face, the pin sample was done the interrupted contact friction of advance and retreat combination under the control of feed arrangement.
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, rotating sample is single or multiple dentation scraping samples, is installed on the rolling disc on the rotating spindle; Nc sliding table is that vertical slide unit and horizontal slide unit consist of, and dynamometric system is arranged at a side of vertical slide unit, and the translation sample is installed on the sample fixed support at dynamometric system top; Vertically slide unit is connected with servomotor, and the vertical slide unit of driven by servomotor is along the position of adjusting Y direction; Vertically the opposite side of slide unit arranges horizontal slide unit, and laterally slide unit is connected with stepper motor, and the horizontal slide unit of step motor control moves in X-direction along guide rail; Grating sensor is arranged on vertical slide unit.
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, rotating sample is installed on the rolling disc of rotating spindle one end, rotating sample is annular, its external diameter is less than the rotating diameter of scraping experiment, its excircle is experiment face, with the translation sample makeup ring of bulk/piece friction pair, carry out continuous or interrupted fricting movement.
Described high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, the translation sample is pin-shaped and changes in X-direction and do feed motion, annular is rotated the outer face that sample is installed on rotating spindle one end rolling disc, and the outer face that annular is rotated sample is experiment face, forms pin/dish friction pair; Dynamometric system is arranged at the top of vertical slide unit, and vertically the opposite side of slide unit arranges horizontal slide unit, and the translation sample is installed on the sample fixed support of dynamometric system one side.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) adopt the present invention can realize the high-speed smooth rotation of testing machine rotating spindle, rotating speed is adjustable at scope 240～24000rpm.; Cooperate the sample radius of gyration can make the relative motion linear velocity of friction pair reach 10m/s～450m/s;
(2) the present invention adopts irradiation optically focused heating arrangement, can carry out Fast Heating to specimen surface, and the long 50mm of general reflectivity * wide 40mm * thick 3mm sample can be heated to 1200 ℃ from room temperature in 15min;
(3) the present invention adopts electric main shaft directly to drive the mode of rotating spindle, has avoided the labyrinth of belt wheel transmission, and motion is reliable, can carry out speed and torque measurement, thus the energy loss of the system that records in experimentation;
(4) the multi-motion array mode of friction pair of the present invention satisfies the needs of simulating actual condition, but particularly high speed scraping mode can be carried out the scraping performance evaluation experiment of seal coating and material;
(5) data acquisition of the present invention, storage and processing realized to the high frequency friction process dynamometry, test the speed, measuring moment, can process by data and obtain the important experimental results such as friction factor, velocity variations, energy loss;
(6) several functions of testing machine of the present invention satisfies the needs of research material high-speed and high-temperature friction and wear behavior, rationally distributed, the compact conformation of complete machine, and use the appropriate experimental chamber, and manufacturing cost is relatively low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is testing machine design concept block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that testing machine of the present invention forms system chart.
Fig. 3 is testing machine high-speed rotation main shaft of the present invention and drive system structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is sample for testing machine irradiation optically focused nonstorage calorifier structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is embodiments of the invention one (scraping experiment) topology views.Wherein, (a) figure is front view; (b) figure is the B-B cut-open view of (a) figure.
Fig. 6 is embodiments of the invention two (ring piece frictional experiment) topology views.Wherein, (a) figure is front view; (b) figure is the C-C cut-open view of (a) figure.
Fig. 7 is embodiments of the invention three (pin dish frictional experiment) topology views.Wherein, (a) figure is front view; (b) figure is that the A of (a) figure is to view; (c) figure is the D-D view of (a) figure.
Among the figure, 1 electric main shaft; 2 rolling disc A; 3 rotate sample; 4 translation samples; 5 test macros; 6 nc sliding tables; 7 data acquisition system (DAS)s; 8 computing machines; 9 actuators; 10 digital control systems; 11 temperature measuring equipments; 12 protective devices; 13 heating arrangements; 14 shaft couplings; 15 bearing bridge; 16 rolling disc B; 17 air cooling equipments; 18 foundation bases; 19 sample heating regions; 20 focus adjustment light paths; 21 heated light sources; 22 ellipsoidal reflectors; 23 locus regulating devices; 24 attemperating units; 25 stepper motors; 26 servomotors; 27 vertical slide units; 28 dynamometric systems; 29 horizontal slide units; 30 sample fixed supports; 31 torque gauges; 32 grating sensors; 33 guide rails; 34 rotating spindles.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are further described:
Principle of work of the present invention and the course of work, the design concept block diagram (Fig. 1) of control test machine and composition system chart (Fig. 2) are described as follows:
High-speed rotation main shaft 34 drives the high-speed rotation dish A2 that is furnished with flying wheel, rotation sample 3 High Rotation Speeds that the above installs, and translation sample 4 is installed on the nc sliding table 6 of precision feeding.Friction pair carries out scratch type or continous way rubbing wear with the speed of related movement that requires.Test macro 5 by dynamometry, test the speed, survey moment of torsion, the displacement sensor forms, signal is through high-speed data acquistion system 7, input computing machine 8.The data obtained at first carries out the data storage, simultaneously the test parameters of data and setting is compared, and judges continuation and the termination of test, and its instruction is processed by actuator 9.Sample adds thermal recovery radiant image heating arrangement 13, and optical temperature measurement device 11 is adopted in the temperature survey of sample, and its data are given computing machine 8 through high-speed data acquistion system 7.Test figure is classified, puts in order, is calculated and analyze with process software, and with the form event memory of data group and figure line.The heavy-current control of testing machine is finished by digital control system 10.Adopt protective device 12 to carry out security protection to the high-speed rotation device, whole testing machine takes automatic numerical control to combine with computer data acquiring, record and processing, is designed with overload (superpotential, excess current) protective capability and security protection ability.
As shown in Figure 2, testing machine of the present invention mainly comprises rotating spindle 34, rolling disc A2, test macro 5, nc sliding table 6, data acquisition system (DAS) 7, computing machine 8, actuator 9, digital control system 10, temperature measuring equipment 11, protective device 12, heating arrangement 13 etc., rolling disc A2 is installed on the rotating spindle 34, the outer rim of rolling disc A2 is equipped with rotates sample 3, nc sliding table 6 is arranged at a side of rotating spindle 34, translation sample 4 is installed on the nc sliding table 6, translation sample 4 is oppositely arranged with rotating sample 3, consists of friction pair; The input end connecting test system 5 of data acquisition system (DAS) 7, the output terminal of data acquisition system (DAS) 7 connects computing machine 8, computing machine 8 is by circuit actuator 9, actuator 9 is by connection digital control system 10, the output terminal of digital control system 10 connects nc sliding table 6, and digital control system 10 is used for driving nc sliding table 6; In addition, be provided with heating arrangement 13 in a side of rotating sample 3 and translation sample 4, be used for measuring the temperature measuring equipment 11 of specimen temperature by connection data acquisition system (DAS) 7.In addition, at rolling disc A2 arranged outside protective device 12.The parameter that test is set is carried out the controls such as speed, displacement, temperature by described actuator 9.
The thought that the present invention tests from the simulation actual condition, integrated utilization high-speed electric main shaft technology, accurate digital control technology and high frequency response measuring technology, and by optically focused irradiation nonstorage calorifier and data acquisition, the Storage and Processing system, realize that friction pair relative motion linear velocity is from 10m/s to 450m/s, the experimental temperature scope is from the high-speed and high-temperature condition of room temperature to 1200 ℃, and the relative movement parameters of control friction pair realizes the various ways of continuously friction and interrupted scraping, measurement is at certain speed of related movement, environment temperature, under the load-up condition, a plurality of tribology parameters---the friction factor of friction pair, wear extent, scraping, tangential force, specimen temperature, the form of energy loss and wear debris etc., be used for the friction and wear behavior of research material under high-speed and high-temperature, but especially estimate the seal coating of turbojet engine gas circuit sealing and the scraping performance of material.
The rotating speed of common electric machine is 3000rpm., only has by the belt wheel speed change and could improve, and all needs complicated mechanical system when surpassing 6000rpm, has the problem of plus-minus speed change time delay and carrying exciting.Among the present invention, rotating spindle 34 adopts electric main shaft 1 directly to drive, and the method by the high rigidity Inverter Electric Spindle 1 of choose reasonable improves rotating speed and directly drives is equipped with the suitable friction pair radius of gyration, realizes that friction pair surpasses the relative motion linear velocity of 100m/s.Electricity main shaft 1 is installed on the fixed support of foundation base 18, bearing bridge 15 is installed on the foundation base 18, high-speed rotation main shaft 34 is accurate fixing by bearing bridge 15, electricity main shaft 1 and high-speed rotation main shaft 34 both centres of gyration keep highly same, connect high torque instrument 31 by high speed flat spring coupling 14 between electricity main shaft 1 and the high-speed rotation main shaft 34, measure speed and moment variations situation in the rotational motion.Rolling disc A2 is installed on the rotating spindle 34 of 15 of bearing bridge, and rolling disc B16 then is installed on the end (Fig. 3) of rotating spindle 34.
For realizing the fast heating at high temperature of specimen surface, nonstorage calorifier of the present invention adopts optically focused irradiation principle, and specific practice is:
As shown in Figure 4, heating arrangement mainly comprises temperature measuring equipment 11, air cooling equipment 17, focus adjustment light path 20, heated light sources 21, ellipsoidal reflector 22, locus regulating device 23, attemperating unit 24 etc., heated light sources 21 is installed on the focus of ellipsoidal reflector 22, the place ahead of ellipsoidal reflector 22 arranges focus adjustment light path 20, the rear portion of ellipsoidal reflector 22 arranges air cooling equipment 17, and ellipsoidal reflector 22 is corresponding with sample heating region 19 by focus adjustment light path 20.Air cooling equipment 17, focus adjustment light path 20, heated light sources 21, ellipsoidal reflector 22 are arranged in the casing, and the bottom of described casing is provided with locus regulating device 23, and temperature measuring equipment 11 is connected with attemperating unit 24.Needs according to the sample heating-up temperature, the heated light sources 21 (xenon lamp or iodine-tungsten lamp) of 0.5～5kW is installed in a focus of ellipsoidal reflector 22, lighted by the observing and controlling circuit temperature, utilizing the optical reflection imaging system to generate the high temperature focal spot at specimen surface heats, surface heated temperature feeds back to attemperating unit 24 by temperature measuring equipment 11 (infrared thermometer or thermopair), controls to needed temperature.
The present invention has designed the multiple contact of friction pair and the combination of mode of motion, and relative friction or scraping motion to adapt to friction pair under the simulation actual condition comprise: the continuous friction of ring/piece sample and interrupted scraping, and the continuous and interrupted friction of pin/dish.The mode of specific implementation has:
When (1) the ring sample side of rotation was as the experiment face, the piece sample was done the Continuous Contact friction under the control of feed arrangement;
When (2) the ring sample side of rotation was as the experiment face, the piece sample was in the interrupted contact friction of doing the advance and retreat combination under the certain parameter under the control of feed arrangement;
(3) monodentate or the multiple tooth sample that rotate are swiped to the piece specimen surface on radius of turn, the piece sample with speed of feed, the degree of depth, geometric angle and the feeding parameter set do continuously, the motion of interrupted or its array mode, form continuously or interrupted scraping;
When (4) end face of dish sample was as the experiment face, the pin sample was done the Continuous Contact friction under the control of feed arrangement;
When (5) end face of dish sample was as the experiment face, the pin sample was in the interrupted contact friction of doing the advance and retreat combination under the certain parameter under the control of feed arrangement.
The present invention adopts Numeric Control Technology to realize the precision feeding motion of piece sample or pin sample.Servomotor 26 or stepper motor 25 drive the nc sliding table 6 (vertically slide unit 27 and laterally slide unit 29) of precision lead screw, make it make the in length and breadth rectilinear motion of direction of cross along precise guide rail 33, the feeding parameter is set by computer program, actual displacement situation is measured by high-precision grating sensor 32, stores in order to interpretation of result (Fig. 5-7) as data.
As shown in Figure 5, when carrying out the scratch type frictional wear experiment, the frequency control parameter of at first electric main shaft 1 and acceleration curve are to reach and to control the spindle speed of requirement of experiment.To the torque gauge 31 that tests the speed, the surveys moment of torsion processing of returning to zero, make the no-load speed of rotating sample reach the condition that steady testing requires again, it is zero that the torque value when not loading is demarcated.Rotating sample 3 is single or multiple dentation scraping samples, is installed on the rolling disc A2 on the rotating spindle 34, and its size and quality need to satisfy quiet, condition of dynamic balance.Dynamometric system 28 is arranged at a side of vertical slide unit 27, and vertically the opposite side of slide unit 27 arranges horizontal slide unit 29, and translation sample 4 is installed on the sample fixed support 30 at dynamometric system 28 tops, and carries out heat insulation and insulation according to the situation of heating-up temperature.Vertically slide unit 27 is designed to the structure that can horizontally rotate by Z-axis, can set as required the relative geometric angle of translation sample and rotation sample surface in contact.The horizontal slide unit 29 of stepper motor 25 control critically moves in X-direction along guide rail 33, selects to rotate the contact point of sample on translation sample 4, as required can be in experiment repeated reaching and leave the action of this position.Determine friction pair behind the relative position of X-direction, servomotor 26 drives vertical slide unit 27 along the position of adjusting Y direction.Rotation sample 3 and the position that translation sample 2 surfaces begin to contact are made as the starting point of scratch type rubbing wear, the starting point of the required measurement parameter of all experimentations all arrives as reference take vertical slide unit 27, and the scraping degree of depth and speed of feed are also put as reference origin take this.Sample heating and temperature measuring are finished by irradiation optically focused nonstorage calorifier 13 and temperature measuring equipment 11 (as: infrared thermometer or thermopair), guarantee the requirement of heating region by regulating focus size and position.Survey sensor is carried out preheating and sets adjustment: grating sensor 32 is arranged on vertical slide unit 27, and the actual displacement amount of Y-axis is measured by high-precision grating sensor 32 in the experimentation, by the computer system acquisition and processing; The two-way dynamometric system 28 of high frequency response is installed between vertical slide unit 27 and the sample fixed support 30, and tangential force and normal force signal that the experimentation that records produces send the computer system acquisition and processing, in order to calculate friction factor and energy variation situation.After sample installation and testing machine inspection are errorless, then carry out the operation of heat temperature raising, spindle operation and sample feeding by experimental procedure, measure related experiment parameter and data result.
Scratch type frictional wear experiment under the high-speed and high-temperature, can simulate well the high-speed and high-temperature scraping wear working condition that is caused by a variety of causes, significant to estimating such as the friction and wear behavior of turbojet engine gas circuit sealing friction pair, but be particularly useful for estimating the scraping performance of seal coating and material.In the present embodiment, can initiatively change the experiment parameters such as speed, temperature, feeding depth and speed of feed, corresponding every kind of change all can be set up a kind of experiment method with engineering significance, comprising: rotate sample and translation sample material join secondary the adjustment; Dentation rotates number and the scraping frequency of sample; Inertia scraping under the constant speed behind the scraping of scraping, accelerator and the arrival certain speed; The constant speed feed of translation sample, variable-speed feeding speed and repetitious be mixed into to.These embodiments all are of value to the frictional wear experiment of carrying out in a deep going way under the material high-speed and high-temperature.
The change of comparing with embodiment 1 is:
As shown in Figure 6, rotate the rolling disc B16 excircle that sample 3 is installed in high-speed rotation main shaft 34 1 ends, rolling disc A2 breaks away from rotating spindle 34 and is fixed on the foundation base 18.Rotating sample 3 is annular, and external diameter is conducive to the preparation of sample less than the rotating diameter of scraping experiment.Its excircle is experiment face, with translation sample 4 makeup rings of bulk/piece friction pair, carries out continuous or interrupted fricting movement.
The process of encircling the piece frictional wear experiment is as described in the embodiment one.In the present embodiment, also can initiatively change the experiment parameters such as speed, temperature, feeding depth and speed of feed, obtain the kinds of experiments scheme, comprising: rotate sample and translation sample material join secondary the adjustment; Inertia friction under the constant speed behind the friction of friction, accelerator and the arrival certain speed; The constant speed feed of translation sample, variable-speed feeding speed and repetitious be mixed into to.
The change of comparing with embodiment 2 is:
As shown in Figure 7, difference is to form pin/dish friction pair, and translation sample 4 is pin-shaped and changes in X-direction and do feed motion that annular is rotated the outer face that sample 3 is installed on rotating spindle 34 1 end rolling disc B16, the outer face that annular is rotated sample 3 is experiment face, forms circumference polishing scratch track.So must make the position of translation sample 4 symmetrical, there be not the motion of Y direction for guaranteeing the stress balance of rotating spindle 34 this moment.Dynamometric system 28 is arranged at the top of vertical slide unit 27, and vertically the opposite side of slide unit 27 arranges horizontal slide unit 29, and translation sample 4 is installed on the sample fixed support 30 of dynamometric system 28 1 sides.Because dynamometric system is difficult to record because of tangential equilibrium of forces, so friction factor is to utilize normal force that dynamometric system measures and the tangential force of the moment of torsion conversion of mensuration to calculate.
The process of pin dish frictional wear experiment of carrying out X-direction is basic such as previous embodiment, but the position of only carrying out in the present embodiment a direction is adjusted and controlled.In the present embodiment, also can initiatively change the experiment parameters such as speed, temperature, feeding depth and speed of feed, obtain the kinds of experiments scheme, but usually only carry out tribological property evaluation and contrast frictional wear experiment under certain speed, temperature, speed of feed and the experimental period.
The result shows, utilize testing machine of the present invention can carry out the experiment of simulated condition parameter, obtain concrete friction pair and be subject to experimental data under the condition influence such as speed, temperature, friction mode and speed of feed and the degree of depth, comprise: the friction factor in the process of friction and wear, energy loss (changing value of moment of torsion and speed), friction Temperature Rise, wear extent (wear weight loss and polishing scratch length), and actual feeding depth (invasion amount) etc.Friction pair relatively rotate velocity range be 10m/s to 450m/s, temperature range is room temperature to 1200 ℃.The friction pair contact can be the continuous friction of ring/piece sample and intermittently scraping with mode of motion, also can be that pin/dish rubs continuously and intermittently, and the combination of its several functions is satisfied the friction and wear behavior of material and estimated needs.Utilize the at a high speed function of scraping, in the operating mode of high-speed and high-temperature Imitating turbojet engine gas circuit sealing, can carry out the scraping of seal coating and material.Use the simulated condition test platform that testing machine of the present invention is set up, can further investigate the friction and wear behavior of material under the high-speed and high-temperature, save new material and friction and join the pilot scale cost of associate research fellow in sending out, particularly reduce the workload of the long examination of relevant turbojet engine, shorten the lead time, economic benefit develops skill.
Claims (8)
1. high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester, it is characterized in that: this testing machine is provided with rotating spindle, rolling disc, nc sliding table, heating arrangement, data acquisition system (DAS), rolling disc is installed on the rotating spindle, the rotation sample is installed on the rolling disc, nc sliding table is arranged at a side of rotating spindle, and the translation sample is installed on the nc sliding table, and the translation sample is oppositely arranged with the rotation sample, consist of friction pair, be provided with heating arrangement in a side of rotating sample and translation sample; The input end connecting test system of data acquisition system (DAS), the output terminal of data acquisition system (DAS) connects computing machine;
Rolling disc comprises rolling disc A and rolling disc B, and rolling disc A is installed on the rotating spindle between bearing bridge, and rolling disc B is installed on the end of rotating spindle; At rolling disc A arranged outside protective device;
Heating arrangement comprises temperature measuring equipment, air cooling equipment, focus adjustment light path, heated light sources, ellipsoidal reflector, on the focus of ellipsoidal reflector heated light sources is installed, the place ahead of ellipsoidal reflector arranges the focus adjustment light path, the rear portion of ellipsoidal reflector arranges air cooling equipment, and ellipsoidal reflector is corresponding with the sample heating region by the focus adjustment light path; Air cooling equipment, focus adjustment light path, heated light sources, ellipsoidal reflector are arranged in the casing, and the bottom of described casing is provided with the locus regulating device, and temperature measuring equipment is connected with attemperating unit.
2. according to high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: computing machine is by the connection actuator, actuator is by the connection digital control system, the output terminal of digital control system connects nc sliding table, digital control system is used for driving nc sliding table, described temperature measuring equipment is used for measuring specimen temperature, and it is by the connection data acquisition system (DAS).
3. according to high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: rotating spindle adopts electric main shaft directly to drive.
4. according to high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: electric main shaft is installed on the fixed support of foundation base, bearing bridge is installed on the foundation base, rotating spindle is fixed by bearing bridge, rotating spindle and electric main shaft keep coaxial rotation, connect torque gauge by shaft coupling between rotating spindle and the electric main shaft.
5. according to high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the friction pair that rotates sample and translation sample formation comprises:
When (1) the ring sample side of rotation was as the experiment face, the piece sample was done the Continuous Contact friction under the control of feed arrangement;
When (2) the ring sample side of rotation was as the experiment face, the piece sample was done the interrupted contact friction of advance and retreat combination under the control of feed arrangement;
(3) monodentate or the multiple tooth sample that rotate are swiped to the piece specimen surface on radius of turn, the piece sample with speed of feed, the degree of depth, geometric angle and the feeding parameter set do continuously, the motion of interrupted or its array mode, form continuously or interrupted scraping;
When (4) end face of dish sample was as the experiment face, the pin sample was done the Continuous Contact friction under the control of feed arrangement;
When (5) end face of dish sample was as the experiment face, the pin sample was done the interrupted contact friction of advance and retreat combination under the control of feed arrangement.
6. according to high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that rotating sample is single or multiple dentation scraping samples, is installed on the rolling disc A on the rotating spindle; Nc sliding table is that vertical slide unit and horizontal slide unit consist of, and dynamometric system is arranged at a side of vertical slide unit, and the translation sample is installed on the sample fixed support at dynamometric system top; Vertically slide unit is connected with servomotor, and the vertical slide unit of driven by servomotor is adjusted the position of Y direction along guide rail; Vertically the opposite side of slide unit arranges horizontal slide unit, and laterally slide unit is connected with stepper motor, and the horizontal slide unit of step motor control moves in X-direction along guide rail; Grating sensor is arranged on vertical slide unit.
7. according to high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, rotating sample is installed on the rolling disc B of rotating spindle one end, rotating sample is annular, its external diameter is less than the rotating diameter of scraping experiment, its excircle is experiment face, with the translation sample makeup ring of bulk/piece friction pair, carries out continuous or interrupted fricting movement.
8. according to high-speed high-temperature multifunctional frictional abrasion tester claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the translation sample is pin-shaped and feed motion is laterally done on the edge, annular is rotated the outer face that sample is installed on rotating spindle one end rolling disc B, the outer face that annular is rotated sample is experiment face, forms pin/dish friction pair; Dynamometric system is arranged at the top of vertical slide unit, and vertically the opposite side of slide unit arranges horizontal slide unit, and the translation sample is installed on the sample fixed support of dynamometric system one side.
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