CN103900931B - Multi-energy-spectrum CT imaging method and imaging system - Google Patents
Multi-energy-spectrum CT imaging method and imaging system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-energy-spectrum CT imaging method and an imaging system. The multi-energy-spectrum CT imaging method comprises the following steps: scanning the object to be detected, and reconstructing the density image of a basic material so as to finally obtain the electron density and equivalent atomic number distribution of the object to be detected or linear attenuation coefficient distribution of the object under the radiation of mono-energetic X-rays. The multi-energy-spectrum CT reconstruction method comprises the following steps: assigning an initial value for the density image of a basic material to be reconstructed; carrying out orthographic projection on an estimated image so as to obtain a projection estimated value; estimating the error of the reconstructed image; updating the image by utilizing the estimated error of the reconstructed image, and repeating the steps mentioned above until the reconstructed density image is convergent. The multi-energy-spectrum CT imaging system comprises a scanning module, a reconstruction module, and a statistics module, wherein the reconstruction module comprises an initializing module, a projecting module, a correcting module, and an updating module.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radiographic imaging arts, and in particular to a kind of multi-power spectrum X ray CT imaging method.
Background technology
Traditional x-ray CT is scanned using an X-ray energy spectrum to testee.The CT values of reconstruction image and measured object
The material of body, density are relevant, also relevant with the power spectrum of X-ray.So, the reconstruction image of different material may have identical or phase
As CT values.This allows for traditional CT cannot make a distinction to it.However, multi-power spectrum CT is entered using multiple power spectrums to testee
Row scanning, therefore, it is possible to obtain the information of more testees.Testee equivalent atom sequence can be rebuild using these information
Number and electron density image, or rebuild the density image of sill.Multi-power spectrum CT is in bone density measurement, PET attenuation corrections, bone
The fields such as marrow component analyses, oil core analysis, safety inspection are with a wide range of applications.
Multi-power spectrum CT Problems of Reconstruction is a nonlinear problem.The research of related method for reconstructing starts from eighties of last century 70 years
Generation.At present more conventional method for reconstructing has：Pre-treatment method for reconstructing and post processing method for reconstructing.Pre-treatment method for reconstructing is first
The projection value of sill density image is estimated by the multi-power spectrum projection for actually obtaining, then using traditional method rebuild with
Obtain the density image of sill.Post processing method for reconstructing is first to carry out weight respectively to the actual multigroup multi-power spectrum projection for obtaining
Build, then reconstruction image is carried out linear combination to obtain the density image of sill.All employ in this two classes method multinomial
The method of formula fitting is estimating the projection value of sill density image or the density image of sill.The precision of fitting can receive mould
The impact of the factors such as shape, size, material, therefore reconstruction quality is difficult to ensure that.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve present in existing multi-power spectrum CT image reconstruction processes that reconstruction quality is not high to ask
A kind of topic, there is provided multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods and imaging system that can accurately realize image reconstruction.
It is that, up to above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods, comprises the following steps：
S1：Testee is scanned using multi-power spectrum X-ray, obtains polychrome projection actual value；
S2：According to real polychrome data for projection, the reconstruction density image of each sill in testee is obtained；
S3：The electron density of testee, the distribution of equivalent atom ordinal number are obtained according to the density image of rebuilding of each sill
Or testee is distributed to the linear attenuation coefficient of Single energy X ray absorptionmetry.
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods proposed by the present invention, wherein, step S2 includes：
S21：Reconstruction density image for each sill assigns initial value, used as the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill；
S22：Orthographic projection is carried out to the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill, the polychrome for obtaining each sill is thrown
Shadow estimated value；
S23：The error between the polychrome projection estimated value of each sill and polychrome projection actual value is calculated, to obtain each base
The error of the reconstruction density image estimated value of material；
S24：The density of each sill is rebuild using the error update of the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill of gained
Image；
S25：Repeat step S22-S24, until the density image of each sill rebuild is restrained.
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods proposed by the present invention, wherein, it is that the reconstruction of each sill is close described in step S21
Spend image and assign initial value, refer to and select to be based on the image of projection or the reconstruction of image-based reconstruction method as initial pictures, or
Person is 0 using 0 as each pixel value in initial pictures, i.e. image.
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods proposed by the present invention, wherein, the orthographic projection process of step S22 be it is nonlinear,
Its formula is
WhereinWithThe respectively estimated value of two kinds of sill density images, RiIt is the projection corresponding to i-th ray
Vector,Represent the discrete form of k-th normalization power spectrum, MkThe number of element after k-th power spectrum discretization is represented,WithThe discrete form of two kinds of sill mass attentuation coefficients is represented respectively.
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods proposed by the present invention, wherein, projection P is utilized in step S23K, iThe reconstruction of estimation
The error formula of image is
Wherein
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods proposed by the present invention, wherein, the formula that reconstruction image is updated in step S24 is
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods proposed by the present invention, wherein, in step S3, obtain electron density image and equivalent
The formula of atomic number image is
WhereinRepresent the electron density image of testee, ρfAnd ρgThe electron density of sill is represented respectively；Represent quilt
Survey the equivalent atom ordinal number distribution of object, ZfAnd ZgThe atomic number of sill is represented respectively；
Obtaining formula of the testee to energy for the Single energy X ray absorptionmetry linear attenuation coefficient of E is
Wherein afAnd a (E)g(E) it is respectively the mass attentuation coefficient of sill.
Meanwhile, the present invention also proposes a kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems, including：
Scan module, scans to testee, to obtain polychrome projection actual value；
Module is rebuild, is connected with the scan module, according to real polychrome data for projection, obtain each base in testee
The reconstruction density image of material；
Statistical module：It is connected with the reconstruction module, testee is obtained according to the density image of rebuilding of each sill
Electron density and the distribution of equivalent atom ordinal number or testee are distributed to the linear attenuation coefficient of Single energy X ray absorptionmetry.
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems proposed by the present invention, wherein, the reconstruction module includes：
Initialization module, is that the reconstruction density image of each sill assigns initial value, as the reconstruction density image of each sill
Estimated value；
Projection module, is connected with the initialization module, and the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill is carried out
Orthographic projection, obtains the polychrome projection estimated value of each sill；
Correction module, is connected with the projection module, and the polychrome projection estimated value for calculating each sill is true with polychrome projection
Error between real-valued, to obtain the error of the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill；
Update module, is connected with the correction module, using the mistake of the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill of gained
Difference, the density image for rebuilding each sill is updated through successive ignition.
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems proposed by the present invention, wherein, the initialization module is by selecting based on throwing
The image that shadow or image-based reconstruction method are rebuild as initial pictures, or using 0 as initial pictures assigning initial value.
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems proposed by the present invention, wherein, the orthographic projection process of the projection module is non-thread
Property, its formula is
WhereinWithThe respectively estimated value of two kinds of sill density images, RiIt is the projection corresponding to i-th ray
Vector,Represent the discrete form of k-th normalization power spectrum, MkThe number of element after k-th power spectrum discretization is represented,WithThe discrete form of two kinds of sill mass attentuation coefficients is represented respectively.
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems proposed by the present invention, wherein, projection P is utilized in the correction moduleK, iEstimate
The error formula of reconstruction image is
Wherein
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems proposed by the present invention, wherein, the public affairs of reconstruction image are updated in the update module
Formula is
A kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems proposed by the present invention, wherein, in the statistical module, obtain electron density image
It is with the formula of equivalent atom ordinal number image
WhereinRepresent the electron density image of testee, ρfAnd ρgThe electron density of sill is represented respectively；Represent quilt
Survey the equivalent atom ordinal number distribution of object, ZfAnd ZgThe atomic number of sill is represented respectively；
Obtaining formula of the testee to energy for the Single energy X ray absorptionmetry linear attenuation coefficient of E is
Wherein afAnd a (E)g(E) it is respectively the mass attentuation coefficient of sill.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is：
The present invention has taken into full account that X-ray machine sends the energy spectrum characteristics of X-ray, and adds it in algorithm for reconstructing, so as to
Can accurate reconstruction go out the image of testee sill.By using iterative characteristic, the inventive method can be used in conventional
Various scan patterns.In addition, the inventive method has the concurrency of height, it is suitable to graphic process unit or other hardware devices adds
Speed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the reconstruction density image method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is experiment FAULT MODEL image.
The polychrome data for projection gathered under Fig. 4 difference tube voltages, wherein（a）For the projection number gathered under 80kV tube voltages
According to；（b）For the data for projection gathered under 140kV tube voltages
Fig. 5 is experiment X-ray energy spectrum.
Fig. 6 density is 1.0g/cm3Water and density be 1.8g/cm3Bone mass attentuation coefficient curve.
The sill density image that Fig. 7 rebuilds, wherein（a）For water base image,（b）For bone basic image.The figure is to complete step
Reconstructed results after rapid A2.
Fig. 8 is the linear attenuation coefficient image corresponding to 50keV Energy X-rays.
Fig. 9 is the composition structure chart of the multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals：10- scan modules；20- rebuilds module；21- initialization modules；22- projection modules；23- schools
Positive module；24- update modules；30- statistical modules.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, just the present invention is above-mentioned and other technical characteristic and advantage are described further.
Fig. 1 is referred to, is the flow chart of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods proposed by the present invention.As seen from Figure 1, it is of the invention
Multipotency spectrum imaging method is comprised the following steps：
S1：Testee is scanned using multi-power spectrum X-ray, obtains polychrome projection actual value；
S2：According to real polychrome data for projection, the reconstruction density image of each sill in testee is obtained；
S3：The electron density of testee, the distribution of equivalent atom ordinal number are obtained according to the density image of rebuilding of each sill
Or testee is distributed to the linear attenuation coefficient of Single energy X ray absorptionmetry.
Multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods proposed by the present invention indeed through the anti-mode for pushing away correction, Step wise approximation, so as to
Reach the purpose of reconstruction image.First testee is scanned by step S1, the projection actual to obtain testee
Value.Then on the basis of the actual projection value, the density image process of reconstruction of each sill is carried out by step S2.Finally,
According to the sill density image rebuild, further calculate obtain the electron density of testee, the distribution of equivalent atom sequence or
The information such as the linear attenuation coefficient distribution to Single energy X ray absorptionmetry, judge so as to carry out various analyses according to above- mentioned information.
Wherein, multi-power spectrum of the present invention refers to the X-ray containing two or more power spectrums.The present invention's is more
Power spectrum CT imaging method is a kind of nonlinear iteration method for reconstructing, it is adaptable to the situation of the geometrically consistent and inconsistent scanning of geometry.
So-called geometrically consistent scanning, refers to the scanning of the projection being obtained in that under every x-ray path difference power spectrum.
It is the detail flowchart that density image process is rebuild described in above-mentioned steps S2 please continue to refer to Fig. 2.As shown in Fig. 2
The reconstruction density image for obtaining each sill in testee is mainly included the following steps that：
S21：Reconstruction density image for each sill assigns initial value, used as the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill；
S22：Orthographic projection is carried out to the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill, the polychrome for obtaining each sill is thrown
Shadow estimated value；
S23：The error between the polychrome projection estimated value of each sill and polychrome projection actual value is calculated, to obtain each base
The error of the reconstruction density image estimated value of material；
S24：The density of each sill is rebuild using the error update of the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill of gained
Image；
S25：Repeat step S22-S24, until the density image of each sill rebuild is restrained.
Multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods of the invention are illustrated below by way of a specific embodiment implements process.
Fig. 3 is die body shape used in the present embodiment.The present embodiment obtains two groups of polychromes by the way of twice sweep
Data for projection.The tube voltage for arranging X-ray tube first is 80kV, and scanning testee obtains first group of polychrome data for projection, such as Fig. 4
（a）It is shown；Then the tube voltage for adjusting X-ray tube is 140kV, while installing 1mm copper filter plates additional before X-ray tube, quilt is scanned again
Survey object and obtain second group of polychrome data for projection, such as Fig. 4（b）It is shown.
The X-ray energy spectrum that X-ray tube sends in twice sweep is as shown in Figure 5.The sweep parameter of system is：Radiographic source is to detection
The distance of device is 1300mm, and the distance of radiographic source to turntable center is 1000mm, and line detector is first by the spy of 1024 0.03mm
Composition.The size of every group of polychrome data for projection is 1024 × 720.
After completing scanning, the method according to S2 carries out density image reconstruction.Appropriate sill, this reality are chosen first
Apply that sill in example selects be density be 1.0g/cm3Water and density be 1.8g/cm3Bone, reconstruction image size be 1024
×1024.With the sampling interval of 1kV and 1keV respectively to X-ray energy spectrum and sill mass attentuation coefficient（See Fig. 6）Adopted
Sample is obtained With
Specific implementation step is as follows：
1）Initial value is assigned for image to be reconstructed
2）If having tried to achieve through the secondary iteration of n (>=0)WithTo given power spectrum k and ray i, will WithSubstitute into formula（1）And formula（3）, calculate With
3）By what is tried to achieve WithSubstitute into formula（2）, calculateWith
4）By what is tried to achieveWithSubstitute into formula（4）Obtain the new estimated value of two kinds of sill imagesWith
5）To different power spectrums k and ray i, repeat step 2）-4）Until two kinds of sill image convergences.
The sill image of reconstruction is as shown in Figure 7.So far, the present embodiment has successfully obtained the accurate reconstruction density of water and bone
Image.
Further, testee linearly declining to Single energy X ray absorptionmetry can be calculated using the sill density image rebuild
Subtract coefficient image.Method is the water base image and product of the water to the x-ray photon mass attentuation coefficient of prescribed energy that will be rebuild
And the bone basic image rebuild is sued for peace with bone to the product of the x-ray photon mass attentuation coefficient of prescribed energy.Fig. 8 gives mould
Type with regard to energy for 50keV photon linear attenuation coefficient image.
In addition, a kind of present invention also offers multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems.Fig. 9 is referred to, is multi-power spectrum of the present invention
The composition structure chart of CT imaging systems, including scan module 10, reconstruction module 20 and statistical module 30.Wherein scan module 10 is used
In the scanning that multi-power spectrum X-ray is carried out to testee, to obtain the actual value of polychrome projection；Rebuild module 20 and the scanning
Module 10 is connected, and according to real polychrome data for projection, obtains the reconstruction density image of each sill in testee；Statistics mould
Block 30 is connected with the reconstruction module 20, obtains the electron density of testee according to the reconstruction density image of each sill and waits
The distribution of effect atomic number or testee are distributed to the linear attenuation coefficient of Single energy X ray absorptionmetry.
Specifically, rebuild module 20 includes initialization module 21, projection module 22, correction module 23 and update module again
24.Wherein initialization module 21 is used to assign initial value for the reconstruction density image of each sill, close using the reconstruction as each sill
Degree Image estimation value；Generally by the image selected based on projection or the reconstruction of image-based reconstruction method as initial graph
Picture, or using 0 as initial pictures assigning initial value.
Projection module 22 is connected with the initialization module 21, and the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill is entered
Row orthographic projection, obtains the polychrome projection estimated value of each sill.The orthographic projection process is nonlinear.
Correction module 23 is connected with the projection module 22, and the polychrome projection estimated value for calculating each sill is projected with polychrome
Error between actual value, to obtain the error of the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill.
Update module 24 is connected with the correction module, using the mistake of the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill of gained
Difference, the density image for rebuilding each sill is updated through successive ignition.
It is described above to be merely exemplary for the purpose of the present invention, and it is nonrestrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art understand,
In the case of the spirit and scope limited without departing from claims appended below, many modifications can be made, be changed, or be waited
Effect, but fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1：Testee is scanned using multi-power spectrum X-ray, obtains polychrome projection actual value；
S2：According to real polychrome data for projection, the reconstruction density image of each sill in testee is obtained；
S3：According to the distribution of electron density and equivalent atom ordinal number or the quilt that density image obtains testee rebuild of each sill
Survey object to be distributed the linear attenuation coefficient of Single energy X ray absorptionmetry；
Wherein, step S2 includes：
S21：Reconstruction density image for each sill assigns initial value, used as the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill；
S22：Orthographic projection is carried out to the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill, the polychrome projection for obtaining each sill is estimated
Evaluation；
S23：The error between the polychrome projection estimated value of each sill and polychrome projection actual value is calculated, to obtain each sill
Reconstruction density image estimated value error；
S24：The density image of each sill is rebuild using the error update of the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill of gained；
S25：Repeat step S22-S24, until the density image of each sill rebuild is restrained.
2. a kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be each base described in step S21
The reconstruction density image of material assigns initial value, refers to the image conduct for selecting to rebuild based on projection or image-based reconstruction method
Initial pictures, or it is 0 using 0 as each pixel value in initial pictures, i.e. image.
3. a kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the orthographic projection process of step S22
It is nonlinear, its formula is
WhereinWithThe respectively estimated value of two kinds of sill density images, RiBe corresponding to i-th ray projection to
Amount,Represent the discrete form of k-th normalization power spectrum, MkThe number of element after k-th power spectrum discretization is represented,WithThe discrete form of two kinds of sill mass attentuation coefficients is represented respectively.
4. a kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems, it is characterised in that include：
Scan module, scans to testee, to obtain polychrome projection actual value；
Module is rebuild, is connected with the scan module, according to real polychrome data for projection, obtain each sill in testee
Reconstruction density image；
Statistical module：It is connected with the reconstruction module, according to the electronics that density image obtains testee of rebuilding of each sill
Density and the distribution of equivalent atom ordinal number or testee are distributed to the linear attenuation coefficient of Single energy X ray absorptionmetry；
Wherein, the reconstruction module includes：
Initialization module, is that the reconstruction density image of each sill assigns initial value, is estimated as the reconstruction density image of each sill
Value；
Projection module, is connected with the initialization module, and the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill is just thrown
Shadow, obtains the polychrome projection estimated value of each sill；
Correction module, is connected with the projection module, and the polychrome projection estimated value for calculating each sill projects actual value with polychrome
Between error, with obtain each sill reconstruction density image estimated value error；
Update module, is connected with the correction module, using the error of the reconstruction density image estimated value of each sill of gained, Jing
Cross successive ignition and update the density image for rebuilding each sill.
5. a kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the initialization module is to pass through
The image based on projection or the reconstruction of image-based reconstruction method is selected as initial pictures, or using 0 as initial pictures
To assign initial value.
6. a kind of multi-power spectrum CT imaging systems according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the orthographic projection of the projection module
Process is nonlinear, and its formula is
WhereinWithThe respectively estimated value of two kinds of sill density images, RiBe corresponding to i-th ray projection to
Amount,Represent the discrete form of k-th normalization power spectrum, MkThe number of element after k-th power spectrum discretization is represented,WithThe discrete form of two kinds of sill mass attentuation coefficients is represented respectively.
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