CN103897713A - Comprehensive processing system and processing method for organic materials - Google Patents
Comprehensive processing system and processing method for organic materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN103897713A CN103897713A CN201210573421.4A CN201210573421A CN103897713A CN 103897713 A CN103897713 A CN 103897713A CN 201210573421 A CN201210573421 A CN 201210573421A CN 103897713 A CN103897713 A CN 103897713A
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Abstract
A comprehensive processing method for organic materials is provided. The processing method comprises steps of: A) subjecting the materials to primary screening to remove a small amount of heavy impurities mainly comprising metals, and crushing and smashing the light materials; B) subjecting the materials to mixing and molding processing; C) feeding the materials into an organic material dry distillation gasifier, performing dry distillation, discharging a semi-smokeless fuel product and dry distillation gas; D) allowing the dry distillation gas to flow through a primary dry distillation washing tower to perform primary washing and cleaning to remove carried dust and heavy oil, allowing the dry distillation gas to flow through a second dry distillation washing tower to perform second washing and cleaning to remove most of the light oil; and E) subjecting the washed gas to two-section oil removal, dehydration, cooling, desulphurization and naphthalene removal through a self-cleaning heat exchanger to obtain clean dry distillation gas having combustible components comprising methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Beneficial effects of the processing method are: using convenience, low cost, no generation of dioxin, no heavy-metal pollution, no waste residue, and the produced solid capable of being used as the semi-smokeless fuel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for organic materials total system and treatment process.
Background technology
Take domestic refuse as example, the burning disposal mode adopting at present can produce the products such as dioxin, heavy metal contamination, waste residue, causes environmental pollution.And need oil spout combustion-supporting in burning disposal process, directly cause processing cost too high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of easy to use, do not produce dioxin (adopting low temperature pyrogenation retorting technique temperature to be controlled in 500 ℃ in treatment process process), heavy metal contamination, waste residue, lower-cost organic materials total system and treatment process.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Organic materials integrated conduct method of the present invention, its special character is: comprise the following steps:
A. the elementary screening of material, removes take metal as main a small amount of heavy seeds, and then light material carries out fragmentation pulverizing;
B. mixing of materials forming processes;
C. material enters organic materials destructive gasifying stove and carries out destructive distillation, discharges half smokeless fuel product and carbonizing gas;
D. carbonizing gas carries out elementary washing, purifying through elementary carbonization gas washing tower, removes the dust, the mink cell focus that carry; Then carry out secondary washing purification through secondary carbonization gas washing tower, remove most of lightweight oil in gas;
E. after washing, gas carries out elementary de-oiling, dehydration, cooling through self-cleaning interchanger, the lightweight oil that self-cleaning system produces and weakly alkaline liquid carry out desulfurization, de-naphthalene to gas, then process through another self-cleaning interchanger de-oiling again, dehydration, desulfurization, de-naphthalene, cooling, obtain the carbonizing gas that clean combustiblecomponents is methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen.
Organic materials integrated conduct method of the present invention, also comprise step F: the condensation mixed solution after elementary washing, purifying enters condensate circulation pond, through settlement separate go out dust, tar, after separating, the water of natural subsidence reenters elementary carbonization gas washing tower gas is carried out to wash cooling, recycles; Gas after first washing continues to enter secondary carbonization gas washing tower, self-cleaning interchanger, the recirculated water lower by temperature again washs, lowers the temperature gas, phlegma after washing flows into circulation settling bowl, settlement separate de-oiling again, imurity-removal processing, the water after precipitate and separate enters systemic circulation and uses; Tar timing after sedimentation is drawn to oil tank and sells outward.
In steps A, use strip-type screen to screen out take metal as main a small amount of heavy seeds, then by light material in advance broken, be crushed in 8 millimeters again.
In step B, with shaping equipment, comminuting matter is prepared into the material of 10-100 millimeter.
In step C, in carbonizing gas, combustible gas composition is methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen.In treatment process process, adopt low temperature pyrogenation retorting technique, temperature is controlled in 500 ℃.
Organic materials total system of the present invention, is characterized in that: comprise the Supplying Sieving Mechanism, material crushing device, material forming device, organic materials destructive gasifying stove, elementary carbonization gas washing tower, secondary carbonization gas washing tower, the self-cleaning interchanger that set gradually.
Self-cleaning interchanger comprises the square tube shape gas compartment of above-below direction, in gas compartment, be provided with a large amount of horizontal gas converting heat pipes, in gas converting heat pipe, there is recirculated cooling water, gas compartment bottom is provided with gas inlet strainer and connects gas inlet pipe, clean gas outlet and weak base desulfurizing scrubber are arranged at gas compartment top, and phlegma relief outlet is positioned at gas compartment bottom; Gas converting heat pipe top is also provided with Wen and flutters day with fog and self-cleaning uniform divider, is provided with the some heat exchange tower trays for uniform gas in gas converting heat pipe; Clean gas outlet, Wen flutter day with fog, weak base desulfurizing scrubber, self-cleaning uniform divider, heat exchange tower tray and are arranged in order from top to bottom.
Organic materials vapourizing furnace comprises body of heater, is arranged on the top feed bin at body of heater top, the corresponding nesting box arranging of bottom of furnace body; In body of heater, bottom is provided with organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, the kiln of several above-below directions side by side, each organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, kiln lower end are provided with automatic discharging device, between adjacent two organic materials oxidations, destructive distillation, kiln, are provided with combustion air inlet mouth; Body of heater internal upper part is provided with carbonizing gas and collects and draw the mouth of pipe and gas and diffuse uniform distributor and gas collection device in interface, vapourizing furnace; The wall of organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, kiln is provided with combustion chamber cooling cyclic water jacket.
Elementary carbonization gas washing tower of the present invention, comprises carbonization gas entrance and carbonization gas outlet, and top is provided with recirculated water spray line, and middle part is provided with Venturi meter and large Venturi meter, and bottom is provided with flashback tank.Flashback tank is provided with phlegma tar overflow port.Recirculated water spray line top is provided with recirculated water distributor disk, and recirculated water distributor disk is provided with recirculated water water-in.Elementary carbonization gas washing tower can be removed most of dust, the mink cell focus in carbonizing gas.
Secondary carbonization gas washing tower of the present invention, comprise carbonization gas inlet duct and carbonization gas outlet conduit, in tower body, be provided with from top to bottom a large amount of horizontal tower trays, the gap of gas between tower tray, flow, tower body middle part is provided with recirculated water spray line, and tower body bottom is provided with phlegma liquid discharge pipe.Cleanout opening is arranged at tower body bottom.Phlegma liquid discharge pipe connects phlegma water seal cylinder, and phlegma water seal cylinder is provided with phlegma tar spillway.Secondary carbonization gas washing tower can be removed the lightweight oil in carbonizing gas and be unfavorable for the portion gas of burning.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, easy to use, cost is low, take domestic refuse as example, compared with the existing processing mode of burning away the refuse generally adopting, it does not produce Dioxins and heavy metal free and pollutes, after processing without waste residue, the solid of output is as half smokeless fuel, its calorific value is more than per kilogram 5000 kilocalories, and simultaneously output is used for the carbonizing gas of generating, and calorific value is more than every cubic metre of 1200 kilocalories.Be suitable for material scope: the organic materials mixtures such as stalk, plant leaves, industrial refuse, medical waste, domestic refuse.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is principle of work schematic block diagram of the present invention.Fig. 2 is elementary carbonization gas washing tower, and Fig. 3 is secondary carbonization gas washing tower, and Fig. 4 is self-cleaning interchanger, and Fig. 5 is vapourizing furnace.
In Fig. 2, Fig. 3,3 recirculated water water-ins, 4 recirculated water distributor disks, 5 recirculated water spray lines, 6 carbonization gas entrances, 7 Venturi meters, 8 large Venturi meters, 9 carbonization gas outlets, 10 phlegma tar overflow ports, 11 flashback tanks, 12, phlegma water seal cylinder, 13 tower trays, 14 phlegma liquid discharge pipes, 15 cleanout openings.
In the self-cleaning interchanger of Fig. 4,29 gas compartments, 30 gas converting heat pipes, 31 gas inlet strainers, 32 gas inlet pipes, 33 clean gas outlets, 34 weak base desulfurizing scrubbers, 35 phlegma relief outlets, 36 Wens flutter day with fog, 37 self-cleaning uniform dividers, stomodaeum, 39 upper gas heat exchange tower trays are gone back in 38 cleanings, 40 central gas heat exchange tower trays, 41 lower gas heat exchange tower trays, 42 interior tube sides connect end socket, 43 recirculated water interfaces.
In Fig. 5 vapourizing furnace, 1 top feed bin, 2 automatic feeding devices, 16 materials enter that stove distributes passage, 17 carbonizing gas to collect to draw the mouth of pipe and gas diffuses combustion chamber, combustion air left and right dividing plate in interface, 18 uniform distributors and gas collection device, 19 bodies of heater, 20 organic materials oxidations, destructive distillation, kiln, 21 combustion air inlet mouths, the even preheating cloth of 22 combustion air air chamber, 23 stoves, 24 automatic discharging devices, 25 air-breathing burning craters, 26 combustion chambers cooling cyclic water jackets, 27 furnace bottom support platforms, 28 nesting box.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing is a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention.
Organic materials integrated conduct method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
A. the elementary screening of material, removes take metal as main a small amount of heavy seeds, and then light material carries out fragmentation pulverizing;
B. mixing of materials forming processes;
C. material enters organic materials destructive gasifying stove and carries out destructive distillation, discharges half smokeless fuel product and carbonizing gas after material destructive distillation;
D. carbonizing gas carries out elementary washing, purifying through elementary carbonization gas washing tower, removes dust, mink cell focus; Then carry out secondary washing purification through secondary carbonization gas washing tower, remove lightweight oil;
E. after washing, gas carries out elementary de-oiling, dehydration, desulfurization, de-naphthalene, cooling through self-cleaning interchanger, then process through another self-cleaning interchanger de-oiling again, dehydration, desulfurization, de-naphthalene, cooling, obtain the carbonizing gas that clean combustiblecomponents is methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen.Specifically, after washing, gas carries out elementary de-oiling, dehydration, cooling through self-cleaning interchanger, and the lightweight oil that self-cleaning system produces and weakly alkaline liquid carry out desulfurization, de-naphthalene to gas.
Organic materials integrated conduct method of the present invention, also comprises step F: the condensation mixed solution after elementary washing is clean enters condensate circulation pond, through settlement separate go out dust, tar.The water that separates rear natural subsidence reenters elementary carbonization gas washing tower gas is carried out to wash cooling, recycles.Gas after first washing continues to enter secondary carbonization gas washing tower, self-cleaning interchanger, the recirculated water lower by temperature again washs, lowers the temperature gas, phlegma after washing flows into circulation settling bowl, settlement separate de-oiling again, imurity-removal processing, the water after precipitate and separate enters systemic circulation and uses.Tar timing after sedimentation is drawn to oil tank and sells outward.
In steps A, use strip-type screen to screen out take metal as main a small amount of heavy seeds, then light material fragmentation is crushed to below 8 millimeters.
In step B, with forming machine, comminuting matter is prepared into the material of 10-100 millimeter.
In step C, in carbonizing gas, combustiblecomponents is methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen.
In step F, circulating water temperature goes out tar at 40-60 ℃ of precipitated and separated, thereby tar is extracted and separated.
Organic materials total system of the present invention, comprises the Supplying Sieving Mechanism, material crushing device, material forming device, organic materials destructive gasifying stove, elementary carbonization gas washing tower, secondary carbonization gas washing tower, the self-cleaning interchanger that set gradually.
Self-cleaning interchanger comprises the square tube shape gas compartment 29 of above-below direction, in gas compartment, be provided with a large amount of horizontal gas converting heat pipes 30, in gas converting heat pipe, there is recirculated cooling water, gas compartment bottom is provided with gas inlet strainer 31 and connects gas inlet pipe 32, clean gas outlet 33 and weak base desulfurizing scrubber 34 are arranged at gas compartment top, and phlegma relief outlet 35 is positioned at gas compartment bottom; Gas converting heat pipe top is also provided with Wen and flutters day with fog 36 and self-cleaning uniform divider 37, is provided with for uniform gas in gas converting heat pipe
heat exchange tower tray 39,40,41.Clean gas outlet 33, Wen flutter day with fog 36, weak base desulfurizing scrubber 34, and self-cleaning uniform divider 37, heat exchange tower tray 39,40,41 are arranged in order from top to bottom.self-cleaning interchanger can do de-oiling, dehydration, desulfurization, de-naphthalene, cooling processing for carbonizing gas.See Fig. 4.
Organic materials vapourizing furnace comprises body of heater, is arranged on the top feed bin 1 at body of heater top, the corresponding nesting box 28 arranging of bottom of furnace body; In body of heater, bottom is provided with organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, the kiln 20 of several above-below directions side by side, each organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, kiln lower end are provided with automatic discharging device 24, between adjacent two organic materials oxidations, destructive distillation, kiln, are provided with combustion air inlet mouth 21; Body of heater internal upper part is provided with carbonizing gas and collects and draw the mouth of pipe and gas and diffuse uniform distributor and gas collection device 18 in interface 17, vapourizing furnace; The wall of organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, kiln is provided with combustion chamber cooling cyclic water jacket 26.The composition of carbonizing gas comprises methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen.See Fig. 5.
Elementary carbonization gas washing tower of the present invention, comprises carbonization gas entrance 6 and carbonization gas outlet 9, and top is provided with recirculated water spray line 5, and middle part is provided with Venturi meter 7 and large Venturi meter 8, and bottom is provided with flashback tank 11.Flashback tank is provided with phlegma tar overflow port 10.Recirculated water spray line 5 tops are provided with recirculated water distributor disk 4, and recirculated water distributor disk is provided with recirculated water water-in 3.Elementary carbonization gas washing tower can be removed most of dust, the mink cell focus in carbonizing gas.See Fig. 2.
Secondary carbonization gas washing tower of the present invention, comprise carbonization gas entrance 6 and carbonization gas outlet 9, in tower body, be provided with from top to bottom a large amount of horizontal tower trays 13, the gap of gas between tower tray, upwards flow, tower body middle part is provided with recirculated water spray line 5, and tower body bottom is provided with phlegma liquid discharge pipe 14.Cleanout opening 15 is arranged at tower body bottom.Phlegma liquid discharge pipe connects phlegma water seal cylinder 12, and phlegma water seal cylinder is provided with phlegma tar spillway 10.Secondary carbonization gas washing tower can be removed the lightweight oil in carbonizing gas and be unfavorable for the portion gas of burning.See Fig. 3.
From self-cleaning interchanger clean gas out, can be for combustion gas internal combustion generator group, electric power output supply electricity usage unit, the high-temp waste gas that combustion gas internal combustion generator group produces can be for generating waste-heat steam boiler system, hot water or steam output hot-water supply and steam applying unit, the softening condensate water circulatory of hot water and steam applying unit boiler is inputted generating waste-heat steam boiler system again.
Vapourizing furnace working process: material enters in vapourizing furnace continuously, run into the high temperature hot gas being risen by bottom and carry out reverse exchange, remove the moisture that carry material outside, material is advanced into organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, kiln 7 under continuing and is dried, descendingly again carry out material destructive distillation, remove organic substance in material--carbonizing gas, then continue descending, enter oxidizing fire destructive distillation thermal source is provided, discharge by bottom roller automatic discharging device 11 afterwards, the solid matter of discharging is half smokeless fuel product, completes retort process.This device is to produce high temperature hot gas body by air-breathing organic waste materials material is carried out to destructive distillation.
Self-cleaning interchanger be applicable to middle low temperature and high temperature carbonization gas in, ultimate purification and cooling, as coordinate other equipment to use, can make the content of objectionable impurities in purified gas (tar, sulfide, oxynitride) be up to state standards following, in gas, water content is extremely low, free from dust, cleaning gas degree is high.Key points in design is, can be according to the temperature of various carbonizing gas, volume density, select different design datas, make the temperature of access arrangement gas from 100C ° of left and right, remove water, oil, sulphur, how, after dust and part oxynitride, the temperature of clean carbonization gas is down in 30C °, uses calorific value to play a role to improving carbonization gas.
Self-cleaning interchanger uses the carbonization gas of scavenging process: 100C ° of left and right temperature to enter after this equipment, first by carbonization gas inlet filter by carbonization gas extremely trace solid impurity carry out adsorption filtration, carbonization gas is about to part lightweight oil on continuing and is adsorbed on heat transfer tube, continue rising by bottom gas converting heat tower tray carbonization gas and enter another temperature province continuation heat exchange, mink cell focus is removed substantially in this region, continue up continuation heat exchange by central gas heat exchange tower tray carbonization gas separates lightweight oil from carbonization gas, continue to go upward to low-temperature region by upper gas heat exchange tower tray, the low-temperature alkali liquid flowing down with top weak base desulfurizing scrubber carries out reverse heat-exchange, make sulphur and weak base source close contact in carbonization gas, remove a small amount of sulphur residual in carbonization gas, these condensed fluids carry out continual self-cleaning washing away to device interior from top to bottom, not only remove water in carbonization gas, oil, sulphur, how, dust and part oxynitride, and the tar of condensation adsorption on carbonization gas heat transfer tube and all the other impurity are washed away, finally the solid impurity adhering on carbonization gas inlet filter is also washed away, flow out and enter condensate circulation pond finally by the phlegma relief outlet of device bottom.The clean destructive distillation gas port of its upper side is discharged clean carbonization gas for generating and other gas equipments.
Claims (10)
1. an organic materials integrated conduct method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A. the elementary screening of material, removes take metal as main a small amount of heavy seeds, and then light material carries out fragmentation pulverizing;
B. mixing of materials forming processes;
C. material enters organic materials destructive gasifying stove and carries out destructive distillation, discharges half smokeless fuel product and carbonizing gas;
D. carbonizing gas carries out elementary washing, purifying through elementary carbonization gas washing tower, removes dust, mink cell focus; Then carry out secondary washing purification through secondary carbonization gas washing tower, remove lightweight oil;
E. after washing, gas carries out elementary de-oiling, dehydration, desulfurization, takes off naphthalene, cooling through self-cleaning interchanger, then processes through another self-cleaning interchanger de-oiling again, dehydration, desulfurization, de-naphthalene, cooling, obtains the clean carbonizing gas take methane as master.
2. organic materials integrated conduct method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise step F: the condensation mixed solution after elementary washing, purifying enters condensate circulation pond, through settlement separate go out dust, tar, the water that separates rear natural subsidence reenters elementary carbonization gas washing tower gas is carried out to wash cooling, recycles; Gas after first washing continues to enter secondary carbonization gas washing tower, self-cleaning interchanger, the recirculated water lower by temperature again washs, lowers the temperature gas, phlegma after washing flows into circulation settling bowl, settlement separate de-oiling again, imurity-removal processing, the water after precipitate and separate enters systemic circulation and uses; Tar timing after sedimentation is drawn to oil tank and sells outward.
3. organic materials integrated conduct method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in steps A, use strip-type screen to screen out take metal as main a small amount of heavy seeds, then light material fragmentation is crushed in 8 millimeters.
4. organic materials integrated conduct method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step B, with forming machine, comminuting matter is prepared into the material of 10-100 millimeter.
5. organic materials integrated conduct method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step C, in carbonizing gas, combustiblecomponents is methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen.
6. an organic materials total system, is characterized in that: comprise the Supplying Sieving Mechanism, material crushing device, material forming device, organic materials destructive gasifying stove, elementary carbonization gas washing tower, secondary carbonization gas washing tower, the self-cleaning interchanger that set gradually.
7. organic materials total system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: self-cleaning interchanger comprises the square tube shape gas compartment of above-below direction, in gas compartment, be provided with a large amount of horizontal gas converting heat pipes, in gas converting heat pipe, there is recirculated cooling water, gas compartment bottom is provided with gas inlet strainer and connects gas inlet pipe, clean gas outlet and weak base desulfurizing scrubber are arranged at gas compartment top, and phlegma relief outlet is positioned at gas compartment bottom; Gas converting heat pipe top is also provided with Wen and flutters day with fog and self-cleaning uniform divider, is provided with several heat exchange tower trays for uniform carbonization gas in gas converting heat pipe; Clean gas outlet, Wen flutter day with fog, weak base desulfurizing scrubber, self-cleaning uniform divider, heat exchange tower tray and are arranged in order from top to bottom.
8. organic materials total system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: organic materials vapourizing furnace comprises body of heater, is arranged on the top feed bin at body of heater top, the corresponding nesting box arranging of bottom of furnace body; In body of heater, bottom is provided with organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, the kiln of several above-below directions side by side, each organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, kiln lower end are provided with automatic discharging device, between adjacent two organic materials oxidations, destructive distillation, kiln, are provided with combustion air inlet mouth; Body of heater internal upper part is provided with carbonizing gas and collects and draw the mouth of pipe and gas and diffuse uniform distributor and gas collection device in interface, vapourizing furnace; The wall of organic materials oxidation, destructive distillation, kiln is provided with combustion chamber cooling cyclic water jacket.
9. an elementary carbonization gas washing tower, comprises carbonization gas entrance and carbonization gas outlet, and top is provided with recirculated water spray line, and middle part is provided with Venturi meter and large Venturi meter, and bottom is provided with flashback tank; Flashback tank is provided with phlegma tar overflow port.
10. a secondary carbonization gas washing tower, comprise carbonization gas entrance and carbonization gas outlet, in tower body, be provided with from top to bottom a large amount of horizontal tower trays, the gap of gas between tower tray, flow, tower body middle part is provided with recirculated water spray line, and tower body bottom is provided with phlegma liquid discharge pipe.
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