CN103887805B - The asymmetrical voltage control method of small current neutral grounding system - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种中性点不接地或经消弧线圈接地电力系统的不对称电压控制方法,可将由于线路三相参数不平衡引起的不对称电压控制到趋近于零。该方法根据系统不对称电压与通过系统中性点或三相中任意一相注入的工频零序电流之间的约束关系,当系统参数已知时,可直接计算注入电流控制不对称电压到零;系统参数未知时,从任意幅值和相位的注入电流开始,先改变注入电流相位,再改变注入电流幅值,可使不对称电压趋近于零。该方法能自适应线路参数结构的改变,可灵活、有效地控制小电流接地系统的不对称电压,维持电网三相电压平衡,切实提高电网运行的安全性和经济性。
An asymmetrical voltage control method for an ungrounded neutral point or grounded power system through an arc suppression coil can control the asymmetrical voltage caused by the unbalanced three-phase parameters of the line to approach zero. According to the constraint relationship between the system asymmetric voltage and the power frequency zero-sequence current injected through the system neutral point or any one of the three phases, when the system parameters are known, the method can directly calculate the injected current to control the asymmetric voltage to Zero; when the system parameters are unknown, starting from the injection current of any amplitude and phase, first changing the phase of the injection current, and then changing the amplitude of the injection current can make the asymmetrical voltage approach zero. The method can adapt to the change of the line parameter structure, can flexibly and effectively control the asymmetrical voltage of the small current grounding system, maintain the three-phase voltage balance of the power grid, and effectively improve the safety and economy of the power grid operation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电力系统三相电压平衡控制领域,涉及一种小电流接地系统的不对称电压控制方法。The invention belongs to the field of three-phase voltage balance control of electric power system, and relates to an asymmetrical voltage control method of a small current grounding system.
本发明尤其涉及一种利用有源补偿技术控制小电流接地系统不对称电压趋近于零的控制方法。The invention particularly relates to a control method for controlling the asymmetrical voltage of a small current grounding system to approach zero by using an active compensation technology.
背景技术Background technique
我国中压配电网广泛采用小电流接地方式,即中性点不接地方式和中性点经消弧线圈接地方式。由于架空线路制造工艺、实际施工以及换位不佳等因素的影响,一般电网的三相对地电容互不相等。除此之外,电网有时会采用非全相供电的方式为单相负荷供电,这也会造成配电网的三相对地电容不对称。对于采用小电流接地方式的中压配电网,其中性点会产生一定数值的对地电压。在经消弧线圈接地系统中,消弧线圈的电感和电网的三相对地电容构成电压谐振回路,还会加剧中性点电压,可能严重破坏三相电压的平衡关系。my country's medium-voltage distribution network widely adopts the low-current grounding method, that is, the neutral point is not grounded and the neutral point is grounded through the arc suppression coil. Due to the influence of factors such as overhead line manufacturing process, actual construction, and poor transposition, the three-phase-to-ground capacitance of the general power grid is not equal to each other. In addition, the power grid sometimes uses non-full-phase power supply to supply power to single-phase loads, which will also cause the asymmetry of the three-phase ground capacitance of the distribution network. For the medium-voltage distribution network using the low-current grounding method, the neutral point will generate a certain value of ground voltage. In the arc-suppression coil grounding system, the inductance of the arc-suppression coil and the three-phase-to-ground capacitance of the grid form a voltage resonance circuit, which will also increase the neutral point voltage and may seriously damage the balance of the three-phase voltage.
这种由零序电压引起的三相电压不平衡虽不会影响用户的正常供电,但会对电力线路、变压器、互感器、避雷器等设备造成众多危害,轻则使电气设备的效率和性能下降,重则使电气设备的使用寿命缩短或造成损坏事故,降低电网运行的安全、经济性能,必须加以限制。Although the three-phase voltage imbalance caused by the zero-sequence voltage will not affect the normal power supply of users, it will cause many harms to power lines, transformers, transformers, lightning arresters and other equipment, and at least it will reduce the efficiency and performance of electrical equipment If it is serious, it will shorten the service life of electrical equipment or cause damage accidents, and reduce the safety and economic performance of power grid operation, which must be limited.
《交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合》(DL\T620-1997)中规定,经消弧线圈接地系统在正常运行情况下,中性点的长时间电压位移不得超过系统额定相电压的15%。传统上,限制系统不对称电压的方法主要为线路换位、接入耦合电容器以及消弧线圈调谐和适当增大其阻尼率等。但这些方法由于存在施工难度大、需增加设备投入以及不能自适应线路参数和结构的改变等不同缺点,不能有效的限制不对称电压。目前,该领域尚缺少灵活、有效的不对称电压控制方法。"Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination of AC Electrical Installations" (DL\T620-1997) stipulates that under normal operating conditions, the long-term voltage displacement of the neutral point shall not exceed 15% of the rated phase voltage of the system. %. Traditionally, the methods to limit the asymmetric voltage of the system are mainly line transposition, connecting coupling capacitors, tuning arc suppression coils and appropriately increasing their damping rate, etc. However, these methods cannot effectively limit the asymmetric voltage due to the disadvantages of difficult construction, increased equipment investment, and inability to adapt to changes in line parameters and structures. At present, there is still a lack of flexible and effective asymmetric voltage control methods in this field.
基于有源电力电子器件和脉宽调制技术的有源补偿技术,通过向配电网注入零序电流来控制系统零序电压。该技术在中性点非有效接地配电网的单相接地故障消弧中已有应用,其可补偿故障点残流,提高熄弧概率,并在熄弧后控制故障点电压的恢复速度,防止电弧重燃。其优越的零序电压控制性能为寻求新的不对称电压控制原理提供了思路。Active compensation technology based on active power electronic devices and pulse width modulation technology controls the zero sequence voltage of the system by injecting zero sequence current into the distribution network. This technology has been applied in the single-phase ground fault arc suppression of the neutral point non-effectively grounded distribution network. It can compensate the residual current at the fault point, improve the probability of arc extinction, and control the recovery speed of the voltage at the fault point after arc extinction. Prevent arc reignition. Its superior zero-sequence voltage control performance provides an idea for seeking new asymmetric voltage control principles.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明解决的技术问题是:小电流接地系统的不对称电压控制技术。当小电流接地系统由于线路换位不充分、非全相供电等原因使中性点存在较大电压(即不对称电压)时,能灵活、有效地消除系统不对称电压,维持系统三相电压平衡。The technical problem solved by the invention is: the asymmetrical voltage control technology of the small current grounding system. When the low-current grounding system has a large voltage (ie asymmetrical voltage) at the neutral point due to insufficient line transposition, non-full-phase power supply, etc., it can flexibly and effectively eliminate the asymmetrical voltage of the system and maintain the three-phase voltage of the system balance.
本发明解决技术问题采取的技术方案是:通过系统中性点或三相中任意一相向系统注入一幅值、相位可控的工频零序电流,控制系统不对称电压趋近于零,维持系统三相电压平衡。过程为:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: to inject a power frequency zero-sequence current with a value and a phase control into the system through the neutral point of the system or any one of the three phases, so as to control the asymmetrical voltage of the system to approach zero and maintain The three-phase voltage of the system is balanced. The process is:
1.当检测到系统存在不对称电压时,立即向系统注入初始注入电流(幅值为I1、相位为)。初始注入电流的选择方法:1. When an asymmetrical voltage is detected in the system, the initial injection current is injected into the system immediately (amplitude is I 1 , phase is ). Selection method of initial injection current:
该初始注入电流可以为任意幅值和相位的电流,也可由人工预设为某一固定的电流。除此之外,根据理论可推得本发明所述方法的最终注入工频电流为:The initial injection current It can be a current with any amplitude and phase, or it can be manually preset to a fixed current. In addition, according to theory, the final injected power frequency current of the method of the present invention can be deduced for:
式中,为未注入电流时系统的不对称电压,CA、CB、CC为系统三相对地电容。因此,对于具有测量三相对地电容条件的系统,也可将此计算值作为初始注入电流再利用后续步骤消除测量、计算等方面造成的误差,以减少注入电流调整时间。In the formula, is the asymmetrical voltage of the system when no current is injected, C A , C B , and C C are the three phase-to-ground capacitances of the system. Therefore, for a system with the condition of measuring three-phase-to-ground capacitance, this calculated value can also be used as the initial injection current Then use subsequent steps to eliminate errors caused by measurement and calculation, so as to reduce the injection current adjustment time.
2.固定注入电流幅值为I1改变电流相位,确定使系统不对称电压达到局部最小的相位 2. Fix the injection current amplitude to I 1 and change the current phase to determine the phase that makes the asymmetrical voltage of the system reach a local minimum
a.设计数器j=1,记录初始注入电流(幅值为I1、相位为)时的系统不对称电压U01;a. Set the counter j=1, record the initial injection current (amplitude is I 1 , phase is ) system asymmetrical voltage U 01 ;
b.设计数器j=2,保持注入电流幅值I1不变,在相位基础上以一定步长(设为)增大注入电流相位为记录其对应的系统不对称电压U02,若U02<U01,则记录相位变化方向系数k=0并转入步骤d;b. Set the counter j=2, keep the amplitude of the injected current I 1 unchanged, in the phase Based on a certain step size (set to ) to increase the injection current phase to Record its corresponding system asymmetrical voltage U 02 , if U 02 < U 01 , then record the phase change direction coefficient k=0 and go to step d;
c.保持计数器j=2,保持注入电流幅值I1不变,在相位基础上以步长减小注入电流相位记录其对应的系统不对称电压U02,若U02>U01则转入步骤e,否则记录电流相位变化方向系数k=1;c. Keep the counter j=2, keep the amplitude of the injected current I 1 unchanged, in the phase step size Reduce the injection current phase Record the corresponding system asymmetric voltage U 02 , if U 02 > U 01 , go to step e, otherwise record the current phase change direction coefficient k=1;
d.计数器j加1,根据相位变化方向,按照相位步长继续改变相位记录对应的系统不对称电压U0j,如果U0j<U0(j-1)则返回步骤d;d. Add 1 to the counter j, according to the phase change direction, according to the phase step keep changing phase Record the corresponding system asymmetrical voltage U 0j , if U 0j <U 0(j-1) , return to step d;
e.确定使系统不对称电压最小的相位为: e. Determine the phase that minimizes the asymmetrical voltage of the system for:
3.固定注入电流相位改变电流幅值,确定使系统不对称电压到达最小的电流幅值If:3. Fixed injection current phase Change the current amplitude to determine the current amplitude I f that makes the asymmetrical voltage of the system reach the minimum:
a.设计数器j=1,记录幅值为I1、相位为的注入电流对应的系统不对称电压U01;a. Set the counter j=1, record the amplitude as I 1 , and the phase as The system asymmetrical voltage U 01 corresponding to the injected current;
b.设计数器j=2,保持注入电流相位不变,在幅值I1基础上以一定步长(设为ΔI)增大注入电流幅值为I2=I1+ΔI,记录其对应的系统不对称电压U02,若U02<U01,则记录幅值变化方向系数k=0并转入步骤d;b. Set the counter j=2 to maintain the injection current phase unchanged, on the basis of the amplitude I 1 , increase the amplitude of the injection current with a certain step size (set as ΔI) to I 2 =I 1 +ΔI, and record the corresponding system asymmetrical voltage U 02 , if U 02 <U 01 , then record the amplitude change direction coefficient k=0 and turn to step d;
c.保持计数器j=2,保持注入电流相位不变,在幅值I1基础上以步长ΔI减小注入电流幅值I2=I1-ΔI,记录其对应的系统不对称电压U02,若U02>U01则转入步骤e,否则记录电流幅值变化方向系数k=1;c. Keep the counter j=2, keep the injection current phase No change, reduce the injection current amplitude I 2 = I 1 -ΔI with a step size ΔI on the basis of the amplitude I 1 , record the corresponding system asymmetric voltage U 02 , if U 02 > U 01 , go to step e , otherwise the coefficient of the change direction of the recorded current amplitude k=1;
d.计数器j加1,根据幅值变化方向,按照幅值步长ΔI继续改变幅值Ij=I(j-1)+(-1)kΔI,记录对应的系统不对称电压U0j,如果U0j<U0(j-1)则返回步骤d;d. Add 1 to the counter j, continue to change the amplitude I j = I (j-1) + (-1) k ΔI according to the amplitude change direction according to the amplitude step size ΔI, and record the corresponding system asymmetrical voltage U 0j , If U 0j <U 0(j-1) , return to step d;
e.确定使系统不对称电压最小的幅值If为:If=I(j-1)。e. Determine the amplitude I f that minimizes the system asymmetry voltage as: If = I ( j -1) .
4.持续向系统注入电流(幅值为If,相位为),控制不对称电压趋近于0。若不对称电压的幅值发生改变,则将此刻的注入电流作为初始注入电流转入步骤2。4. Continuously inject current into the system (the amplitude is I f and the phase is ), the control asymmetry voltage tends to 0. If the magnitude of the asymmetrical voltage changes, the injected current at the moment as the initial injection current Go to step 2.
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果是:Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
线路三相参数不对称造成的中压配电网三相电压不平衡会缩短电气设备的使用寿命,容易造成安全事故,必需加以限制。而限制系统不对称电压的已有方法由于存在各种缺点,并不能灵活、有效的控制不对称电压:(1)合理换位,但对运行中的电网换位难度大,且配电线路异动率高,效果不明显;(2)使消弧线圈补偿装置适当偏离谐振点运行,或适当增大其阻尼率,减小消弧线圈对不对称电压的加剧作用,但效果有限,不能从根本上消除不对称电压;(3)增加专用的三相耦合电容器,使三相对地电容相等,但需增加设备投入,且在线路结构、参数发生变化时,不能立即随之改变,可能加重三相电压的不平衡程度。The three-phase voltage imbalance of the medium-voltage distribution network caused by the asymmetry of the three-phase parameters of the line will shorten the service life of electrical equipment and easily cause safety accidents, which must be restricted. However, the existing methods for limiting system asymmetric voltage cannot flexibly and effectively control asymmetric voltage due to various shortcomings: (1) reasonable transposition, but it is difficult to transpose the power grid in operation, and the distribution line changes (2) Make the arc suppression coil compensation device operate properly away from the resonance point, or increase its damping rate appropriately to reduce the aggravation effect of the arc suppression coil on the asymmetrical voltage, but the effect is limited and cannot fundamentally (3) Add a special three-phase coupling capacitor to make the capacitance of the three phases equal to the ground, but it needs to increase equipment investment, and when the line structure and parameters change, they cannot be changed immediately, which may aggravate the three-phase The degree of voltage imbalance.
本发明提出的小电流接地系统不对称电压控制原理,根据注入电流与不对称电压的约束关系逐步调整注入电流的相位和幅值,控制不对称电压趋近于零。本发明所述方法能克服实际运行中出现的各种误差,精确度和稳定性高,并能自适应线路参数、结构的改变,当电网不对称状况发生变化时,只需重新调整注入电流,便可维持电网的三相平衡状态,能切实提高电网的经济、安全性能以及电能质量。The asymmetrical voltage control principle of the small current grounding system proposed by the present invention gradually adjusts the phase and amplitude of the injected current according to the constraint relationship between the injected current and the asymmetrical voltage, and controls the asymmetrical voltage to approach zero. The method of the present invention can overcome various errors in actual operation, has high accuracy and stability, and can adapt to changes in line parameters and structures. When the asymmetrical state of the power grid changes, it only needs to readjust the injected current. The three-phase balance state of the power grid can be maintained, and the economy, safety performance and power quality of the power grid can be effectively improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为谐振接地系统在某一特定的三相对地电容不对称情况下,不同幅值注入电流的相位与中性点电压的约束关系(系统在不同三相对地电容不对称情况下,其变化趋势相同);Attached Figure 1 shows the constraint relationship between the phase of the injected current with different amplitudes and the neutral point voltage in a specific three-phase-to-ground capacitance asymmetry of the resonant grounding system (the system is different under the condition of three-phase-to-ground capacitance asymmetry, its same trend);
附图2为谐振接地系统在某一特定的三相对地电容不对称情况下,不同相位注入电流的幅值与中性点电压的约束关系(系统在不同三相对地电容不对称情况下,其变化趋势相同);Attached Figure 2 shows the constraint relationship between the magnitude of the injection current of different phases and the neutral point voltage in a specific three-phase-to-ground capacitance asymmetry of the resonant grounding system (the system is different under the condition of three-phase-to-ground capacitance asymmetry, and same trend);
附图3为利用本发明所述方法控制中性点电压趋近于0的波形图;Accompanying drawing 3 is the oscillogram that utilizes method described in the present invention to control neutral point voltage to approach 0;
附图4为有源补偿装置系统框图。Accompanying drawing 4 is a system block diagram of the active compensation device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明所述方法的具体实施方式为:The specific embodiment of method of the present invention is:
(1)有源补偿装置(1) Active compensation device
有源全补偿控制装置由数据采集系统、整流逆变电源、滤波电路、接入电路、控制单元等几部分构成(如图4所示)。数据采集系统负责采集控制所需的各项电力系统参数,如不对称电压、三相对地电容等,并作为反馈量送给控制单元;控制单元根据算法计算出所需的注入电流,并通过驱动电路控制逆变电路中有源电力电子器件的导通来输出适合的PWM电压波;滤波电路负责滤除PWM波中的高频分量,经过滤波后的电压通过合适的接入电路为系统提供所需的注入电流,实现对不对称电压的控制。有源补偿装置可与消弧线圈并联或串联后接入系统中性点,也可从三相中任意一相并联或串联接入。The active full compensation control device is composed of data acquisition system, rectification and inverter power supply, filter circuit, access circuit, control unit and other parts (as shown in Figure 4). The data acquisition system is responsible for collecting various power system parameters required for control, such as asymmetric voltage, three-phase-to-ground capacitance, etc., and sending them to the control unit as feedback; the control unit calculates the required injection current according to the algorithm, and through the drive The circuit controls the conduction of the active power electronic devices in the inverter circuit to output a suitable PWM voltage wave; the filter circuit is responsible for filtering out the high-frequency components in the PWM wave, and the filtered voltage provides the system with all the necessary power through a suitable access circuit. The required injection current is used to control the asymmetric voltage. The active compensation device can be connected in parallel or in series with the arc suppressing coil and then connected to the neutral point of the system, or can be connected in parallel or in series from any one of the three phases.
(2)中性点电压的获取(2) Acquisition of neutral point voltage
中性点电压可通过系统中性点接有的三相或零序电压互感器(TV)直接获得。The neutral point voltage can be obtained directly through the three-phase or zero-sequence voltage transformer (TV) connected to the neutral point of the system.
(3)初始注入电流的选择(3) Initial injection current s Choice
初始注入电流可以为任意幅值和相位的电流,也可由人工预设为某一固定的电流。除此之外,根据理论可推得本发明所述方法的最终注入工频电流为:initial injection current It can be a current with any amplitude and phase, or it can be manually preset to a fixed current. In addition, according to theory, the final injected power frequency current of the method of the present invention can be deduced for:
式中,为未注入电流时系统的不对称电压,CA、CB、CC为系统三相对地电容。在实际运行中,该电流可利用未注入电流时所测得的不对称电压和三相对地电容值计算得到,但是由于测量、计算等方面的误差,该计算值会存在一定误差。因此,对于具有测量三相对地电容条件的系统,可将此计算值作为初始注入电流再利用本发明所述方法调整注入电流,这样可以显著缩小注入电流的调整范围,减小调整所需时间。In the formula, is the asymmetrical voltage of the system when no current is injected, C A , C B , and C C are the three phase-to-ground capacitances of the system. In actual operation, the current can be calculated by using the measured asymmetric voltage and the three-phase-to-ground capacitance when no current is injected, but due to errors in measurement and calculation, there will be certain errors in the calculated value. Therefore, for a system with the condition of measuring three-phase-to-ground capacitance, this calculated value can be used as the initial injection current Then, the injection current is adjusted by using the method of the present invention, so that the adjustment range of the injection current can be significantly reduced, and the time required for adjustment can be reduced.
(4)系统三相对地电容值的测量(4) Measurement of the capacitance value of the three phases of the system
若选择将计算所得注入电流作为初始注入电流,则需测得系统三相对地电容值,一般采用信号注入法:通过微机测控器向系统中性点注入异频信号,同时接收来自电网的反馈信号,根据相应的等值电路和算法,计算得到电网的三相对地电容值。目前信号注入法的注入点可选在TV二次侧开口三角处,或在接地站用变、并联电容器组的中性点。If you choose to use the calculated injection current as the initial injection current, you need to measure the capacitance values of the three phases of the system. Generally, the signal injection method is used: inject different frequency signals into the neutral point of the system through the microcomputer measurement and controller, and receive feedback signals from the power grid at the same time , according to the corresponding equivalent circuit and algorithm, calculate the three-phase-to-ground capacitance value of the power grid. The injection point of the current signal injection method can be selected at the open triangle of the TV secondary side, or at the neutral point of the transformer and parallel capacitor bank at the grounding station.
(5)控制系统不对称电压趋近于零,维持三相电压平衡(5) The asymmetrical voltage of the control system approaches zero and maintains the three-phase voltage balance
从初始注入电流开始,先固定注入电流幅值为I1改变电流相位,确定使系统不对称电压达到局部最小的相位再固定注入电流相位改变电流幅值,确定使系统不对称电压到达最小的电流幅值If;持续向系统注入电流(幅值为If,相位为),控制不对称电压趋近于0,若不对称电压的幅值发生改变,则将此刻的注入电流作为初始注入电流重新调整注入电流。From the initial injection current At the beginning, first fix the injection current amplitude as I 1 and change the current phase, and determine the phase that makes the system asymmetrical voltage reach the local minimum Fix injection current phase Change the current amplitude to determine the current amplitude I f that makes the system asymmetrical voltage reach the minimum; continue to inject current into the system (the amplitude is I f and the phase is ), control the asymmetric voltage to approach 0, if the amplitude of the asymmetric voltage changes, the injection current at this moment as the initial injection current Readjust the injection current.
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to other forms. Any skilled person who is familiar with this profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify the equivalent of equivalent changes. Example. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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CN104092228B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-04-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Asymmetrical voltage 2 active control methods of system with non effectively earth ed neutral |
CN104167749B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-05-11 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of power distribution network three-phase imbalance voltage inhibition method |
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CN105974173B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2019-03-26 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of electric current detecting method of single-phase inversion type earthing or grounding means |
CN106356833A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-01-25 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Power distribution network-based control method for grounding failure suppression device |
CN107276082B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2020-10-02 | 长沙理工大学 | Active voltage reduction safe operation method for ground fault phase of non-effective grounding system |
CN107508296B (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-03-17 | 国网山东省电力公司莱芜供电公司 | System and method for reducing adjustment time for controlling asymmetric voltage |
CN111141991B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-12-24 | 李景禄 | Method suitable for improving high-resistance grounding fault handling capacity of asymmetric power grid |
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