CN103872447B - Local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor - Google Patents
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- CN103872447B CN103872447B CN201310696027.4A CN201310696027A CN103872447B CN 103872447 B CN103872447 B CN 103872447B CN 201310696027 A CN201310696027 A CN 201310696027A CN 103872447 B CN103872447 B CN 103872447B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor, comprise aerial radiation layer, coplanar wave guide feedback layer, dielectric layer, coaxial fitting and metal installed part, described aerial radiation layer is laid in described dielectric layer upper surface, described coplanar wave guide feedback layer comprises feeder line and ground plane two parts, described ground plane is distributed in feeder line both sides symmetrically, described ground plane is made up of two rectangles of full symmetric, and the lower boundary of rectangle ground plane aligns with described dielectric layer lower boundary, described coaxial fitting welds with described feeder line, be used for receive feeder line transmission signal, described metal installed part and described dielectric layer are fixed together, and described coaxial fitting is fixed on described metal installed part, it is little that the present invention has size, antijamming capability is strong, bandwidth, gain is large, highly sensitive, the features such as good directionality, guarantee electric equipment safe operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to insulation of electrical installation state on_line monitoring technical field, be specifically related to a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor.
Background technology
In recent years, along with improving constantly of voltage class of electric power system, electrical network scale constantly expands, and guarantees that insulation of electrical installation safety has become the important prerequisite of safeguards system safe operation.At present, the measurement of partial discharge of large electric equipment is arranged in insulation preventive trial to carry out by operation power department.Facts have proved, periodic preventative test and maintenance play a good role to minimizing and Accident prevention, but still there is a lot of weak point.Therefore, the State Maintenance at present based on on-line monitoring and failure diagnosis obtains and develops rapidly.On-line monitoring and the fault diagnosis technology extensive use technology such as electronics, computer, sensing, modern signal processing, photoelectricity and communication, online status monitoring is carried out to electric equipment, timely acquisition insulation status information, and process and comprehensive analysis are carried out to these information, the reliability of insulation is judged and made a prediction to insulation life.State Maintenance avoids the excessive maintenance that preventive maintenance may cause equipment, saves man power and material, decreases the blindness of electric equipment test and maintenance.
Under electric field action, regional area in insulation system, is only had to discharge, instead of large area or run through the electric discharge of whole conductor, this phenomenon is referred to as partial discharge.Partial discharge is attended by the generation of a pulse current, the nanosecond that its rising edge can reach, and therefore the frequency band of its discharge pulse signal produced is very wide, and equivalent frequency can reach GHz.Hyperfrequency method detects the electromagnetic wave signal of the hyper band (300MHz-3GHz) that partial discharge excites, in order to judge insulation of electrical installation situation.Selecting the object of this frequency range to be the frequency band of electromagnetic interference (carrier communication, corona discharge etc. as radio broadcasting, power network) under normal circumstances in electromagnetic environment residing for electric equipment is all at below 300MHz, like this hyperfrequency method just can avoid these common electromagnetic interference, makes the method have stronger anti-interference.In addition, which also has highly sensitive, the feature that accuracy is good.
Ultra-high frequency antenna discharges as local the transducer of the electromagnetic wave signal produced, it is the chief component of ultrahigh frequency monitoring system, the quality of its performance also directly determines the complexity of the extraction of ultra-high frequency signal later stage and identification, and the ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor of better performances should have bandwidth, standing-wave ratio is little, gain is large, the feature of good directionality.In addition, also should have rational size and dimension, its installation can not affect the insulation integrity of device interior.
The local discharge superhigh frequency antenna sensor of existing detection electric equipment is unsatisfactory in size and gain characteristic, as " a kind of ultrahigh frequency monitoring sensor of GIS partial discharge of external " patent of the publication number CN101527221A on September 9th, 2009, disclosed transducer is made up of dielectric body and two battery lead plates, its dielectric body is matrix by upper bottom surface, bottom surface is the tetragonous cone table of intrados, and form with the rectangle that tetragonous cone table upper bottom surface is connected as one, two bases that two battery lead plate is attached to tetragonous cone table are respectively on the side of camber line, and extend in described rectangular corresponding rectangle surfaces.The major defect of this antenna sensor is: 1. this antenna sensor peripheral structure designs for being arranged on outside GIS disc insulator, and structure is comparatively complicated, and volume is comparatively large, is unsuitable for being arranged on inside electric appliance; 2. this antenna sensor is external sensor, because the gain of shielding electromagnetic waves effect and antenna sensor itself is little, makes this antenna sensor sensitivity lower, can not capture the local discharge signal that electric equipment is faint.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor, have size little, antijamming capability is strong, bandwidth, and gain is large, and highly sensitive, the features such as good directionality, guarantee electric equipment safe operation.
The invention provides a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor, comprise aerial radiation layer, coplanar wave guide feedback layer, dielectric layer, coaxial fitting and metal installed part, described aerial radiation layer is laid in described dielectric layer upper surface, described coplanar wave guide feedback layer comprises feeder line and ground plane two parts, described ground plane is distributed in feeder line both sides symmetrically, described ground plane is made up of two rectangles of full symmetric, and the lower boundary of rectangle ground plane aligns with described dielectric layer lower boundary, described coaxial fitting welds with described feeder line, be used for receive feeder line transmission signal, described metal installed part and described dielectric layer are fixed together, and described coaxial fitting is fixed on described metal installed part.
Further, the material of described dielectric layer is relative dielectric constant is 4.4 epoxy resin, and the shape of described dielectric layer is square, and its length of side is 250mm, and thickness is 1mm, in order to as insulating barrier.
Further, the material of described aerial radiation layer to be thickness the be copper of 5 μm-50 μm or aluminium or silver, and the periphery of described aerial radiation layer is less than dielectric layer 2mm-10mm, and be coated with at the upper surface of described aerial radiation layer the tin layers that thickness is 3-12 μm.
Further, the fractal step of described aerial radiation layer comprises: step S11, circle 1 with its in connect square reduce 0.4-0.7 doubly after square 1 subtract each other gained figure, be 0 described rank fractal antenna; The inscribed circle of step S12, square 1 reduce 0.4-0.7 doubly after obtain circle 2, circle 2 with its in connect square reduce 0.4-0.7 doubly after square 2 subtract each other gained figure, be 1 described rank fractal antenna; The inscribed circle of step S13, square 2 reduce 0.4-0.7 doubly after obtain circle 3, circle 3 with its in connect square reduce 0.4-0.8 doubly after square 3 subtract each other gained figure, be 2 rank fractal antennas.
Further, the width of described feeder line is 0.8mm-1mm, and length is 70.8mm, and between described ground plane and described feeder line, the width in gap is 0.1mm-0.3mm.
Further, in described ground plane two full symmetrics rectangle in, the length of each rectangle is 124.35mm, and width is 70mm.
Further, arrange equally distributed four via holes at described dielectric layer near lower boundary place, described via hole is used for described metal installed part and described dielectric layer to be fixed together by screw.
Further, the material of described metal installed part is aluminium alloy, shape is dihedral, length is 250mm, be highly 17mm, thickness is 5mm, and the angular structure of described metal installed part is evenly provided with four via holes in the described feeder line dead ahead of correspondence, and described coaxial fitting is fixed on described metal installed part by screw by four via holes.
Further, described coaxial fitting is bayonet nut connector BNC male, and the heart yearn of described coaxial fitting is welded with described feeder line by scolding tin.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, antenna sensor of the present invention is slab construction, Sizes, only needs to be attached near detected equipment during installation, and this antenna sensor small volume, new insulation hidden danger can not be brought to electric equipment.
2, the frequency band range of antenna sensor of the present invention is 400MHz-1GHz, and because partial discharge electromagnetic wave high fdrequency component (being greater than 1GHz) decays acutely in propagation medium, main discharge concentration of energy is in low-frequency range.Therefore, antenna sensor of the present invention can receive the ultra-high frequency signal that local discharge of electrical equipment produces effectively, and the accuracy detected is high.
3, the average gain of antenna sensor of the present invention in passband 400MHz-1GHz reaches 2.5dB, can receive the ultra-high frequency signal that partial discharge is faint, has higher signal to noise ratio and sensitivity, the partial discharge existed in energy Timeliness coverage electric equipment.
4, antenna sensor good directionality of the present invention, can receive the discharge signal from all directions, and antijamming capability is strong, further increases accuracy and the precision of detection.
5, antenna sensor of the present invention has stable output impedance in working band, and its resistance value is 50 Ω, can mate with transmission equipment preferably, reduces the reflection loss in transmitting procedure, improves antenna efficiency.
The present invention can be widely used in the on-line monitoring of local discharge superhigh frequency signal of electric equipment of power plant, transformer station.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present embodiment 1 antenna sensor.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1 aerial radiation layer, 2 dielectric layers, 3 coplanar wave guide feedback layers, 4 metal installed parts, 5 coaxial fittings; 6 voltage regulators, 7 testing transformers, 8 protective resistances, 9 coupling capacitances, 10 detect impedance; 11 electric discharge cups, 12 electric discharge test products, 13 ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor, 14 oscilloscopes.
Fig. 3 is the simulation result figure of radius of circle R1 about standing-wave ratio.
In figure:
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when AR1=169mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when BR1=170mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when CR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when DR1=172mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when ER1=173mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.6
Fig. 4 is feeder line width G 2 and feeder line apart from the simulation result figure of ground width G about standing-wave ratio.
In figure:
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when FR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.8mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when GR1=171mm, G=0.3mm, G2=0.8mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when HR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when IR1=171mm, G=0.3mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when JR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=1mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when KR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=1mm, q=0.6
Fig. 5 meets the simulation result figure of coefficient of reduction q about standing-wave ratio of square or inscribed circle in being.
In figure:
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when LR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.4
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when MR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.5
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when NR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.6
The standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when PR1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, q=0.7
Fig. 6 is the present embodiment 1 ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor actual measurement standing-wave ratio figure.
Fig. 7 is laboratory local discharge superhigh frequency method proving test schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the waveform schematic diagram that pulse current method detects local discharge signal.
Fig. 9 is the waveform schematic diagram that hyperfrequency method detects local discharge signal.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor, comprises aerial radiation layer 1, dielectric layer 2, coplanar wave guide feedback layer 3, metal installed part 4, coaxial fitting 5 and screw.
Wherein, the material of dielectric layer 2 to be relative dielectric constant be 4.4 epoxy resin.The shape of dielectric layer 2 is square, and its length of side is 250mm, and thickness is 1mm.In order to the insulating barrier as inventive antenna transducer.
Wherein, the material of aerial radiation layer 1 is the copper that upper surface is zinc-plated, thickness is 13 μm, and aerial radiation layer 1 is laid in the upper surface of dielectric layer 2.Wherein the shape of aerial radiation layer 1 be three concentric circless respectively with the cut set of three concentric squares, namely in circle, dig up a concentric squares, thus make the bending flowing of aerial radiation layer 1 surface induction electric current, relative to complete circular radiation layer, inventive antenna transducer has lower resonance frequency, significantly reduces the size of antenna.
Wherein, the material of coplanar wave guide feedback layer 3 is the copper that upper surface is zinc-plated, thickness is 13 μm, and it comprises ground plane and feeder line, and the width of feeder line is 0.8mm-1mm, and length is 70.8mm.Ground plane is distributed in feeder line both sides symmetrically, and and between feeder line the width in gap be 0.1mm-0.3mm.Ground plane is made up of two rectangles of full symmetric, and the length of each rectangle is 124.35mm, and width is 70mm, and the lower boundary of rectangle ground plane aligns with dielectric layer lower boundary.
Wherein, arrange equally distributed four via holes at dielectric layer 2 near lower boundary place, via hole is used for a metal installed part 4 by screw and is fixed together with dielectric layer 2.Wherein, the material of metal installed part 4 is aluminium alloy, and shape is dihedral, and length is 250mm, is highly 17mm, and thickness is 5mm.Wherein, the angular structure of metal installed part 4 is evenly provided with four via holes in corresponding feeder line dead ahead, coaxial fitting 5 is fixed on metal installed part 4 by screw by four via holes, and coaxial fitting 5 is BNC male.Wherein the heart yearn of coaxial fitting 5 is welded with feeder line by scolding tin, be used for receive feeder line transmission signal.
When Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 is respectively exradius R1, the coplanar waveguide feeder line width G 2 of aerial radiation layer 1 and gets different value with ground spacing G and dimension reduction factor q, the situation of change of antenna sensor standing-wave ratio curve.
As shown in Figure 3, along with the increase of R1, the resonance point frequency of antenna moves to left, and this matches with the inverse relation of antenna applications frequency and antenna size.In order to the insulation integrity making antenna not affect tested electric equipment as far as possible, wish that the size of antenna is the smaller the better.
As shown in Figure 4, along with the increase of co-planar waveguide clearance G, resonance frequency moves to right; Feeder line width G 2 major effect notch depth (i.e. quality factor q), does not change resonance frequency substantially.The value size of G and G2 affects resonance point position and the notch depth of antenna mainly through changing antenna output impedance.
As shown in Figure 5, spacing between q value major effect fluting size and ectonexine, is equivalent to the inductance, electric capacity, the conductance that change in fluting aft antenna equivalent electric circuit, result in the change of resonance frequency f and quality factor q.
Experimental result:
Carry out Partial Discharge Detection test to the antenna sensor of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, testing transformer is LTYDW-60kVA/60kV to experimental principle, and rated output voltage is 60kV, and output-current rating is 1A, and electric discharge test product is needle plate electrode.Digital oscilloscope model is TektronixTDS7104, and bandwidth is 1GHz, and the most high sampling rate of each passage is 5GS/s.During test, by testing transformer to the test product pressurization being placed on electric discharge cup, make it that partial discharge occur, detect local discharge signal by pulse current method and hyperfrequency method, experimental result oscillogram as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9 simultaneously.
From above-mentioned experimental result, the antenna sensor of the present embodiment can the electromagnetic wave signal of local electric discharge effectively, and signal to noise ratio, sensitivity are higher.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor, it is characterized in that: comprise aerial radiation layer, coplanar wave guide feedback layer, dielectric layer, coaxial fitting and metal installed part, described aerial radiation layer is laid in described dielectric layer upper surface, described coplanar wave guide feedback layer comprises feeder line and ground plane two parts, described ground plane is distributed in feeder line both sides symmetrically, described ground plane is made up of two rectangles of full symmetric, and the lower boundary of rectangle ground plane aligns with described dielectric layer lower boundary, described coaxial fitting welds with described feeder line, be used for receive feeder line transmission signal, described metal installed part and described dielectric layer are fixed together, and described coaxial fitting is fixed on described metal installed part,
The fractal step of described aerial radiation layer comprises: step S11, circle 1 with its in connect square reduce 0.4-0.7 doubly after square 1 subtract each other gained figure, be 0 rank fractal antenna; The inscribed circle of step S12, square 1 reduce 0.4-0.7 doubly after obtain circle 2, circle 2 with its in connect square reduce 0.4-0.7 doubly after square 2 subtract each other gained figure, be 1 rank fractal antenna; The inscribed circle of step S13, square 2 reduce 0.4-0.7 doubly after obtain circle 3, circle 3 with its in connect square reduce 0.4-0.8 doubly after square 3 subtract each other gained figure, be 2 rank fractal antennas.
2. local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described dielectric layer is relative dielectric constant is 4.4 epoxy resin, the shape of described dielectric layer is square, and its length of side is 250mm, thickness is 1mm, in order to as insulating barrier.
3. local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described aerial radiation layer to be thickness the be copper of 5 μm-50 μm or aluminium or silver, and the periphery of described aerial radiation layer is less than dielectric layer 2mm-10mm, and be coated with at the upper surface of described aerial radiation layer the tin layers that thickness is 3-12 μm.
4. local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the width of described feeder line is 0.8mm-1mm, and length is 70.8mm, and between described ground plane and described feeder line, the width in gap is 0.1mm-0.3mm.
5. local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described ground plane two full symmetrics rectangle in, the length of each rectangle is 124.35mm, and width is 70mm.
6. local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: arrange equally distributed four via holes at described dielectric layer near lower boundary place, described via hole is used for described metal installed part and described dielectric layer to be fixed together by screw.
7. local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described metal installed part is aluminium alloy, shape is dihedral, length is 250mm, be highly 17mm, thickness is 5mm, and the angular structure of described metal installed part is evenly provided with four via holes in the described feeder line dead ahead of correspondence, and described coaxial fitting is fixed on described metal installed part by screw by four via holes.
8. local discharge of electrical equipment ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described coaxial fitting is bayonet nut connector BNC male, and the heart yearn of described coaxial fitting is welded with described feeder line by scolding tin.
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| CN111478031A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-31 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Fractal antenna for ultrahigh frequency detection |
| CN113224513B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2024-02-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 | Caliber-expanded dielectric integrated waveguide antenna |
| CN114300841B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-28 | 天津大学 | Novel ultrahigh frequency antenna for partial discharge detection based on coplanar waveguide feed |
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| CN1805213A (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2006-07-19 | 上海交通大学 | Coplane waveguide feed ultra wideband fractal antenna |
| CN101488604A (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2009-07-22 | 华东师范大学 | Composite fractal antenna comprising two fractals |
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| CN102280699A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2011-12-14 | 电子科技大学 | LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) laminated coupled feed circular-polarized micro-strip patch antenna |
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| CN202678512U (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2013-01-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Cognitive radio antenna integrated with narrowband and ultra-wideband |
| CN203617424U (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-05-28 | 国家电网公司 | Ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor for partial discharge of electrical equipment |
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| CN1805213A (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2006-07-19 | 上海交通大学 | Coplane waveguide feed ultra wideband fractal antenna |
| CN101488604A (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2009-07-22 | 华东师范大学 | Composite fractal antenna comprising two fractals |
| CN102110891A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 西北工业大学 | S-band micro-strip antenna with substrate made of completely-absorbing meta-material |
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| CN202678512U (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2013-01-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Cognitive radio antenna integrated with narrowband and ultra-wideband |
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| CN203617424U (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-05-28 | 国家电网公司 | Ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor for partial discharge of electrical equipment |
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