CN101488604A - Composite fractal antenna comprising two fractals - Google Patents
Composite fractal antenna comprising two fractals Download PDFInfo
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- CN101488604A CN101488604A CNA2009100463943A CN200910046394A CN101488604A CN 101488604 A CN101488604 A CN 101488604A CN A2009100463943 A CNA2009100463943 A CN A2009100463943A CN 200910046394 A CN200910046394 A CN 200910046394A CN 101488604 A CN101488604 A CN 101488604A
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Abstract
A compound antenna containing two fractals belongs to the technical field of multiband small size antenna. On the basis of the traditional fractal antenna, an antenna fractal is added, the two fractal antennae form the compound antenna; wherein one fractal construction unit is taken as a feeding unit of the whole antenna; when the feeding unit obtains electromagnetic wave energy from a feed source by a feeder line, coupling current can be generated on the fractal parasitized or connected with the other fractal antenna; when the coupling current and current on the feeding unit are in the same flow direction and the same phase position, the two currents in the same flow direction lead the distant field radiation to be superimposed in phase, thus improving the radiation characteristic of the antenna, achieving the impedance matching in the frequency band near the resonance point and expanding the frequency bandwidth. The applicable frequency range of the compound fractal antenna is from UHF frequency band of hundreds of MHz to millimeter wave frequency band of dozens of GHz.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas that contain,, belong to the technical field of multiband small size antenna in particular to plane of forming by two kinds of different fractal structures or solid type composite fractal antenna.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of wireless communication technology, people constantly propose new requirement to antenna, such as miniaturization and multiband.The structure that fractal notion can be introduced antenna satisfies this requirement for this reason.Fractal have the space from filling capacity and self similarity attribute, just obtained fractal antenna when fractal notion being introduced the structure of antenna.Fractal antenna has miniaturization and multifrequency feature, therefore is particularly suitable for broadband, ultra-wideband communications field.Current, the research of single fractal antenna is mainly concentrated on understanding to its basic Fractal Properties, research has related to fractal antennas such as Sierpinski pad, Mandelbrot tree, Koch curve, Koch island, Hilbert curve, H curve, Minkowski ring, antenna form has fracton, ring, little band, paster, body antenna etc., and the research of fractal antenna battle array has at random and determines fractal battle array, the fractal battle array of multiband, Cantor and the fractal battle array of Sierpinski, IFS and the fractal battle array of compact etc.
Traditional single fractal fractal antenna as Sierpinski pad antenna, be widely known by the people because of having the multifrequency characteristic, yet by antenna theory as can be known, this class antenna belongs to resonant aerial, and bandwidth and gain are not very big.In addition, after fractal structure was determined, the ratio of its adjacent operating frequency was also determined thereupon, is difficult to regulate according to application need.Therefore, though single fractal fractal antenna has the multifrequency characteristic, but the bandwidth at each resonance point place and radiation characteristic are not very desirable, especially lack enough design freedoms to a plurality of non-regularly arranged operating frequency application requirements designing antenna the time, have limited the practical application of described antenna.
The most frequently used method of bandwidth of traditional described antenna of improvement is the dielectric constant that increases dielectric substrate thickness and reduce medium substrate.When increasing dielectric substrate thickness, the size of antenna increases thereupon, runs counter to the requirement of current antenna miniaturization, and might motivate surface wave.Reduce the dielectric constant of substrate, or even remove the substrate at antenna key position place, the medium that makes this place is an air, can play the effect that suppresses surface wave and improve bandwidth, but the width of feeder line increases thereupon, increased and radiating element between mutual coupling and radiation loss, these situations all need be avoided.Therefore, these conventional methods are not to improve the preferred plan of the performance of described antenna.For improving the performance of described antenna, must improve the structure of described antenna.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to propose a kind of two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas that contain.This antenna has the following advantages: under the prerequisite that does not increase antenna size and manufacturing process complexity, expanded the applicable band bandwidth of antenna, improved the radiation characteristic of antenna simultaneously at each resonance point place, have a plurality of incoherent resonance frequencys, make antenna can with a plurality of incoherent frequency tunings.
The present invention is resolved by making above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical solutions.On the basis of traditional fractal antenna, increase a fractal antenna, two fractal antennas are formed composite fractal antenna, and one of them fractal structure unit is as the feed element of entire antenna.When feed element by feeder line when feed obtains electromagnetic wave energy, can on the parasitic or interconnection of another fractal antenna fractal, produce couple current.When couple current that inspires above parasitic or interconnection fractal and the current direction on the feed element are consistent also when phase place is identical, two in the same way the effect of electric current make far-field radiation with superimposed, strengthened the radiation characteristic of antenna, realize the impedance matching near the band limits of each resonance point simultaneously, expanded band bandwidth.
Now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings technical scheme of the present invention.A kind ofly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, contain dielectric substrate 1 and first fractal 2, dielectric substrate 1 is the low-loss sheet material of rectangle, first fractal 2 is made up of fractal feed element 20 and microwave transmission line 21, microwave transmission line 21 is by center signal line 210, first earth connection 211, second earth connection 212 and input port 213 are formed, fractal feed element 20, center signal line 210, first earth connection 211, second earth connection 212 and input port 213 are the metallic films that are attached to the upper surface of dielectric substrate 1, fractal feed element 20 is that the vertical neutrality line with dielectric substrate 1 is the zhou duicheng tuxing of symmetry axis, center signal line 210 is the fillet bands along vertical neutrality line extension of dielectric substrate 1, the bottom of the upper end of center signal line 210 and fractal feed element 20 is integrated, the lower end of center signal line 210 is an input port 213, first earth connection 211 and second earth connection 212 are rectangles of congruence, first earth connection 211 and second earth connection 212 are the both sides that symmetry axis is distributed in center signal line 210 symmetrically with vertical neutrality line of dielectric substrate 1, it is characterized in that, described composite fractal antenna also contains second fractal 3, second fractal 3 is to be attached to the upper surface of dielectric substrate 1 or the metallic film of lower surface, second fractal 3 is that vertical neutrality line with dielectric substrate 1 is the zhou duicheng tuxing of symmetry axis, second fractal 3 so that to load on the single order of engraving some on first fractal 2, the first fractal 2 and second fractal 3 fractal to the fractal hole in three rank with first fractal 2 mode that is electrically connected or is not electrically connected.
Technical scheme of the present invention is further characterized in that described low-loss sheet material is radio frequency sheet material, FR4 fiberglass sheet material or polytetrafluoroethylene sheet material.
Technical scheme of the present invention is further characterized in that microwave transmission line 21 is coplanar waveguide feeder line or microstrip transmission line.
Compare with traditional single fractal antenna, composite fractal antenna of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, given full play to the advantage of different fractal unit, have byer force, produce more electric current active path length, support more current-mode from filling capacity, can further reduce the resonance frequency of antenna and not influence the multifrequency characteristic of antenna, help realizing the miniaturization of antenna;
2, the shape of each fractal unit and structure all can be carried out independent regulation as required, make the composite fractal antenna of final combination be easy to be operated in a plurality of required frequency ranges, and have good performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment 1, and wherein, a is a vertical view, and b is the x-x sectional view, and fractal feed element 20 and second fractal 3 is respectively fractal unit of second order Sierpinski and the fractal ring of second order Koch.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of embodiment 2, and wherein, a is a vertical view, and b is the y-y sectional view, and feed element 20 and second fractal 3 is respectively three rank Sierpinski carpets and the fractal unit of three rank RFC.
Fig. 3 is the comparison of composite fractal antenna of the present invention and the traditional single fractal antenna standing-wave ratio of Sierpinski.
Fig. 4 is the comparison at 2.4GHz place antenna pattern of composite fractal antenna of the present invention and the traditional single fractal antenna of Sierpinski.
Fig. 5 is the comparison at 3.5GHz place antenna pattern of composite fractal antenna of the present invention and the traditional single fractal antenna of Sierpinski.
Fig. 6 is the comparison at 5.8GHz place antenna pattern of composite fractal antenna of the present invention and the traditional single fractal antenna of Sierpinski.
Embodiment
Now further specify technical scheme of the present invention and operation principle in conjunction with the embodiments.All embodiment have the identical in structure structure with above-mentioned composite fractal antenna.Below each embodiment only enumerate crucial technical data.
The structure of embodiment one present embodiment is seen Fig. 1.
Present embodiment is the plane composite fractal antenna, dielectric substrate 1 is a radio frequency sheet material, fractal feed element 20 is the fractal unit of second order Sierpinski, the 0 rank Sierpinski that promptly engraves the fractal equilateral triangle of the fractal equilateral triangle of single order Sierpinski and three second order Sierpinski is fractal, the fractal shape of 0 rank Sierpinski is an equilateral triangle, second fractal 3 is the fractal rings of second order Koch, promptly by second order Koch fractal curve section, the shaped form fillet band that single order Koch fractal curve section and 0 rank Koch fractal curve section piece together, the summit that 0 rank Sierpinski is fractal and the upper end of center signal line 210 are integrated, the mode that the fractal ring of second order Koch is electrically connected with fractal two the other summits of 0 rank Sierpinski respectively with its two ends loads on the fractal top of 0 rank Sierpinski and is the upper surface that symmetry axis is attached to dielectric substrate 1 symmetrically with vertical neutrality line of dielectric substrate 1, and microwave transmission line 21 is coplanar waveguide feeder line.
Below enumerate the main technical detail of present embodiment:
The length of dielectric substrate 1, width, thickness, dielectric constant and loss angle tangent are respectively 26mm, 26mm, 0.8mm, 3.38 and 0.0027;
The fractal unit of second order Sierpinski, promptly the fractal shape of 0 rank Sierpinski is an equilateral triangle, its length of side is 10.4mm;
The fractal dimension of the fractal unit of second order Sierpinski is 1.585, mean the equilateral triangle that the single order Sierpinski that it is 5.2mm that the fractal equilateral triangle of 0 rank Sierpinski is engraved a length of side is fractal and three fractal equilateral triangles of second order Sierpinski that the length of side is 2.6mm;
The fractal ring of second order Koch, promptly the fractal fractal curve of 0 rank Koch is the equilateral triangle shape, the length of side of the equilateral triangle of the fractal ring of Koch is 10mm, the fractal dimension of the fractal ring of second order Koch is 1.2618, mean, the length of side of the fractal curve section that single order Koch is fractal is 3.3mm, and the length of side of the fractal curve section that 2 rank Koch are fractal is 1.1mm;
The overall height that the fractal unit of second order Sierpinski loads behind the fractal ring of second order Koch is 18.2mm;
The width of center signal line 210 is 0.8mm, interval=center signal line 210 between the center signal line 210 and first earth connection 211 and the interval=0.1mm between second earth connection 212;
The structure of embodiment two present embodiments is seen Fig. 2.
Present embodiment is the solid type composite fractal antenna, fractal feed element 20 is three rank Sierpinski carpets, the shape of three rank Sierpinski carpets is squares, the core on one side of three rank Sierpinski carpets and the upper end of center signal line 210 are integrated, second fractal 3 is the fractal unit of three rank RFC, the mode that the fractal unit of three rank RFC covers three rank Sierpinski carpets with its square is attached to the lower surface of dielectric substrate 1, and microwave transmission line 21 is coplanar waveguide feeder line.
Below enumerate the main technical detail of present embodiment:
The shape of three rank Sierpinski carpets, promptly the fractal shape of 0 rank Sierpinski is a square, its length of side is 12.0mm;
The fractal dimension of three rank Sierpinski carpets is 1.893, mean square, eight fractal square and 64 fractal squares of three rank Sierpinski that the length of side is 0.43mm of second order Sierpinski that the length of side is 1.3mm that the single order Sierpinski that it is 4mm that the fractal square of 0 rank Sierpinski is engraved a length of side is fractal;
The shape of the fractal unit of RFC, three rank, promptly the fractal shape of 0 rank RFC is a square, and its length of side is 11.25mm, and the fractal foursquare length of side of single order RFC is 5.6mm, the fractal foursquare length of side of second order RFC is 2.8mm, and the fractal foursquare length of side of three rank RFC is 1.4mm;
The width of center signal line 210 is 1.6mm, spacing=center signal line 210 between the center signal line 210 and first earth connection 211 and the spacing=0.2mm between second earth connection 212;
Operation principle.The operation principle of two embodiment is basic identical, and for avoiding repetition, existing is that example illustrates it with the solid type composite fractal antenna of embodiment 2 only.
The fractal unit of RFC, promptly second fractal 3 is three rank Sierpinski carpets, and promptly fractal feed element 20 is three-dimensional three-dimensional the loading, and fractal unit of RFC and three rank Sierpinski carpets are formed the solid type composite fractal antenna.
This antenna is when its working frequency range work, and input port 213 is connected with the feed of antenna, fractal feed element 20, and promptly three rank Sierpinski carpets pass through microwave transmission line 21 from input port 213 acquisition electromagnetic wave energies and to external radiation; Second fractal 3, promptly evoke induced current in the fractal unit of three rank RFC, the coupling between three rank Sierpinski carpets and the fractal unit of three rank RFC makes the impedance of antenna, radiation characteristic change.Under the effect of three rank Sierpinski carpets, the flow direction of the surface current of the fractal unit of RFC, three rank is consistent with the flow direction of the surface current of three rank Sierpinski carpets all the time, thereby realizes strengthening the far-field radiation characteristic and the big as far as possible target of gain of antenna.The introducing of different fractal structures provides how different modes of resonance, guarantees that the specific (special) requirements of the multifrequency characteristic of adjacent operating frequency ratio is easy to be met, for the antenna that designs multiband work provides the more freedom degree.When the resonance frequency of different fractal structures relatively near the time, obtain the broadband character of antenna easily.
The present invention has broken the tradition that general fractal antenna only adopts a kind of fractal structure, given full play to the advantage of different fractal unit, have stronger from filling capacity, can further reduce the resonance frequency of antenna and not influence the multifrequency characteristic of antenna, realized the miniaturization of antenna, obtain the multifrequency characteristic of the adjacent operating frequency ratio of specific (special) requirements easily, greatly improved the design freedom of antenna.
Fig. 3-6 has provided according to the standing-wave ratio of solid type composite fractal antenna of the present invention and the traditional single fractal antenna of Sierpinski, the antenna pattern simulation result with frequency change.Can see that the standing-wave ratio bandwidth of solid type composite fractal antenna of the present invention is wideer, antenna pattern also is better than traditional Sierpinski pad antenna, and particularly at the 5.8GHz place, the maximum gain of antenna has improved 4dB.
The suitable frequency range of composite fractal antenna of the present invention can extend to the millimeter wave frequency band of tens GHz from the uhf band of hundreds of MHz.
Claims (9)
1, a kind ofly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, contain dielectric substrate (1) and first fractal (2), dielectric substrate (1) is the low-loss sheet material of rectangle, first fractal (2) are made up of fractal feed element (20) and microwave transmission line (21), microwave transmission line (21) is by center signal line (210), first earth connection (211), second earth connection (212) and input port (213) are formed, fractal feed element (20), center signal line (210), first earth connection (211), second earth connection (212) and input port (213) are the metallic films that is attached to the upper surface of dielectric substrate (1), fractal feed element (20) is that the vertical neutrality line with dielectric substrate (1) is the zhou duicheng tuxing of symmetry axis, center signal line (210) is the fillet band along vertical neutrality line extension of dielectric substrate (1), the bottom of the upper end of center signal line (210) and fractal feed element (20) is integrated, the lower end of center signal line (210) is input port (213), first earth connection (211) and second earth connection (212) are the rectangles of congruence, first earth connection (211) and second earth connection (212) are the both sides that symmetry axis is distributed in center signal line (210) symmetrically with vertical neutrality line of dielectric substrate (1), it is characterized in that, described composite fractal antenna also contains second fractal (3), second fractal (3) are to be attached to the upper surface of dielectric substrate (1) or the metallic film of lower surface, second fractal (3) are that the vertical neutrality line with dielectric substrate (1) is the zhou duicheng tuxing of symmetry axis, second fractal (3) load on first fractal (2) in the mode that is electrically connected or is not electrically connected with first fractal (2), and the single order of engraving some on first fractal (2) and second fractal (3) is fractal to the fractal hole in three rank.
2, according to claim 1ly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, it is characterized in that described low-loss sheet material is radio frequency sheet material, FR4 fiberglass sheet material or polytetrafluoroethylene sheet material.
3, according to claim 1ly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, it is characterized in that microwave transmission line (21) is coplanar waveguide feeder line or microstrip transmission line.
4, according to claim 1ly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, it is characterized in that, dielectric substrate (1) is a radio frequency sheet material, fractal feed element (20) is the fractal unit of second order Sierpinski, the 0 rank Sierpinski that promptly engraves the fractal equilateral triangle of the fractal equilateral triangle of single order Sierpinski and three second order Sierpinski is fractal, the fractal shape of 0 rank Sierpinski is an equilateral triangle, second fractal (3) are the fractal rings of second order Koch, promptly by second order Koch fractal curve section, the shaped form fillet band that single order Koch fractal curve section and 0 rank Koch fractal curve section piece together, the summit that 0 rank Sierpinski is fractal and the upper end of center signal line (210) are integrated, the mode that the fractal ring of second order Koch is electrically connected with fractal two the other summits of 0 rank Sierpinski respectively with its two ends loads on the fractal top of 0 rank Sierpinski and is the upper surface that symmetry axis is attached to dielectric substrate (1) symmetrically with vertical neutrality line of dielectric substrate (1), and microwave transmission line (21) is a coplanar waveguide feeder line.
5, according to claim 4ly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, it is characterized in that,
Length, width, thickness, dielectric constant and the loss angle tangent of dielectric substrate (1) is respectively 26mm, 26mm, 0.8mm, 3.38 and 0.0027;
The fractal unit of second order Sierpinski, promptly the fractal shape of 0 rank Sierpinski is an equilateral triangle, its length of side is 10.4mm;
The fractal dimension of the fractal unit of second order Sierpinski is 1.585, mean the equilateral triangle that the single order Sierpinski that it is 5.2mm that the fractal equilateral triangle of 0 rank Sierpinski is engraved a length of side is fractal and three fractal equilateral triangles of second order Sierpinski that the length of side is 2.6mm;
The fractal ring of second order Koch, promptly the fractal fractal curve of 0 rank Koch is the equilateral triangle shape, the length of side of the equilateral triangle of the fractal ring of Koch is 10mm, the fractal dimension of the fractal ring of second order Koch is 1.2618, mean, the length of side of the fractal curve section that single order Koch is fractal is 3.3mm, and the length of side of the fractal curve section that 2 rank Koch are fractal is 1.1mm;
The overall height that the fractal unit of second order Sierpinski loads behind the fractal ring of second order Koch is 18.2mm;
The width of center signal line (210) is 0.8mm, the interval=0.1mm between the interval between center signal line (210) and first earth connection (211)=center signal line (210) and second earth connection (212);
First earth connection (211) and second earth connection (212) are the rectangles of congruence, and its length and width are respectively 12.5mm and 8mm.
6, according to claim 4ly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, it is characterized in that second fractal (3) are that Minkowski is fractal.
7, according to claim 1ly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, it is characterized in that, dielectric substrate (1) is the FR4 fiberglass sheet material, fractal feed element (20) is three rank Sierpinski carpets, the shape of three rank Sierpinski carpets is squares, the upper end of the core on one side of three rank Sierpinski carpets and center signal line (210) is integrated, second fractal (3) are the fractal unit of three rank RFC, the mode that the fractal unit of three rank RFC covers three rank Sierpinski carpets with its square is attached to the lower surface of dielectric substrate (1), and microwave transmission line (21) is a coplanar waveguide feeder line.
8, according to claim 7ly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, it is characterized in that,
Length, width, thickness, dielectric constant and the loss angle tangent of dielectric substrate (1) is respectively 36mm, 24mm, 1.0mm, 4.4 and 0.02;
The shape of three rank Sierpinski carpets, promptly the fractal shape of 0 rank Sierpinski is a square, its length of side is 12.0mm
The fractal dimension of three rank Sierpinski carpets is 1.893, mean square, eight fractal square and 64 fractal squares of three rank Sierpinski that the length of side is 0.43mm of second order Sierpinski that the length of side is 1.3mm that the single order Sierpinski that it is 4mm that the fractal square of 0 rank Sierpinski is engraved a length of side is fractal;
The shape of the fractal unit of RFC, three rank, promptly the fractal shape of 0 rank RFC is a square, and its length of side is 11.25mm, and the fractal foursquare length of side of single order RFC is 5.6mm, the fractal foursquare length of side of second order RFC is 2.8mm, and the fractal foursquare length of side of three rank RFC is 1.4mm;
The width of center signal line (210) is 1.6mm, the spacing=0.2mm between the spacing between center signal line (210) and first earth connection (211)=center signal line (210) and second earth connection (212);
First earth connection (211) and second earth connection (212) are the rectangles of congruence, and its length and width are respectively 19mm and 11mm.
9, according to claim 7ly contain two kinds of fractal composite fractal antennas, it is characterized in that second fractal (3) are that Minkowski is fractal.
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| CN111679132A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-18 | 南京邮电大学 | Broadband and high-sensitivity portable microwave radiation detection device and system |
| CN114566785A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-31 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Terminal antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN114566785B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-01-20 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Terminal antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN115954654A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-04-11 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Terminal antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN115954654B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-12-22 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Terminal antenna and electronic equipment |
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Application publication date: 20090722 |