CN103867676B - 一种基于摩擦减振的滚珠丝杠副结构 - Google Patents

一种基于摩擦减振的滚珠丝杠副结构 Download PDF

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CN103867676B
CN103867676B CN201410067034.2A CN201410067034A CN103867676B CN 103867676 B CN103867676 B CN 103867676B CN 201410067034 A CN201410067034 A CN 201410067034A CN 103867676 B CN103867676 B CN 103867676B
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ball screw
friction
screw
rod
friction damping
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CN103867676A (zh
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王民
梁亚栋
高相胜
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B23Q5/38—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
    • B23Q5/40—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/1207—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon characterised by the supporting arrangement of the damper unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/129—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon characterised by friction-damping means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于摩擦减振的滚珠丝杠副结构，属于滚珠丝杠副振动控制技术领域。该结构可以有效抑制滚珠丝杠副在高速旋转下的横向振动。本发明中丝杠为空心结构，内装有减振棒。减振棒为多指瓣的长圆柱体结构，其外圆表面与空心丝杠内表面采用过盈配合，以保证结合面间具有适度压力。当滚珠丝杠高速旋转时，通过过盈配合和高速旋转离心力使摩擦棒外圆表面压覆在滚珠丝杠空心内表面上。滚珠丝杠横向振动会导致丝杠和摩擦棒接触面上产生微量滑动摩擦，通过摩擦耗能消耗滚珠丝杠横向振动能量，已达到抑制振动的效果。本发明提出的用于控制横向振动的滚珠丝杠副摩擦减振结构具有结构简单，适应性好，可操作性强的特点。

Description

一种基于摩擦减振的滚珠丝杠副结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种减振滚珠丝杠副结构，属于滚珠丝杠副振动控制领域。
背景技术
随着数控机床向着高速化、精密化发展，对滚珠丝杠副的性能要求也越来越高。滚珠丝杠副是数控机床伺服进给系统中应用最广泛的机械传动部件，由丝杠和螺母组成，可实现丝杠旋转运动到螺母直线运动的转换。由于丝杠结构为细长轴，尤其在大型数控机床中，工作台行程较长，丝杠长径比很大，导致丝杠进给系统的刚性和抗振性能下降，丝杠副的工作临界速度受到横向固有频率的限制而难于提高。随着数控机床进给速度和切削速度的不断提高，对滚珠丝杠副的临界转速和抗振特性提出了更高的要求。对于滚珠丝杠副的横向振动控制，国内外的学者进行了大量研究，通过文献检索，尚未找到基于摩擦减振的滚珠丝杠副结构。
发明内容
本发明为了提高滚珠丝杠副高速性能，控制丝杠横向振动，提高临界转速，设计了一种用于控制滚珠丝杠副横向振动的新型摩擦阻尼棒，通过设计摩擦棒和丝杠内孔的过盈量，调节摩擦棒和丝杠内孔接触面的摩擦力，以实现高效摩擦阻尼耗能，抑制滚珠丝杠副在高速旋转下的横向振动。
一种新型的基于摩擦阻尼耗能的滚珠丝杠副结构：包括滚珠丝杠副(1)、摩擦减振棒(2)，所述滚珠丝杠副(1)的丝杠为中空结构，摩擦减振棒(2)为多指瓣的长圆柱体结构，内有中心通孔。摩擦减振棒内装于空心丝杠中，摩擦减振棒(2)外圆表面与空心丝杠内孔表面采用过盈配合，保证摩擦减振棒与丝杠内孔适度的接触压力，以产生摩擦阻尼。摩擦减振棒(2)的多指瓣结构可以保证减振棒在横向方向具有适度弹性，当高速旋转时各指瓣可被离心力压覆在丝杠内孔表面，以增强摩擦阻尼。
所述一种新型摩擦阻尼减振中空滚珠丝杠副结构，通过合理设计摩擦减振棒外圆和丝杠内孔过盈量、摩擦减振棒指瓣数量和减振棒中心通孔尺寸以调节摩擦减振棒和丝杠内孔摩擦力及摩擦阻尼减振棒在丝杠横向方向的刚度，以实现最佳的摩擦阻尼耗能，有效控制滚珠丝杠副横向振动。
本发明的有益作用是：
相比于目前已有的减振丝杠结构，该方法结构简单，紧凑，可靠性高，可操作性强。并且，通过合理设计摩擦减振棒外圆和丝杠内孔过盈量、摩擦减振棒指瓣数量和减振棒中心通孔尺寸可以实现最佳的摩擦阻尼耗能，有效控制滚珠丝杠副横向振动。。
附图说明
图1为本发明减振滚珠丝杠副结构图；
图2为摩擦减振棒结构图。
附图中：1、滚珠丝杠副，2、摩擦减振棒。
图3两个摩擦减振棒固定于丝杠空腔内，螺母位于丝杠中间位置时螺母处的频率响应函数曲线图。
图4未加加摩擦减振棒的丝杠，螺母位于丝杠中间位置，螺母位置处的频率响应函数曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案进一步说明，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
如图1所示，减振滚珠丝杠副结构包括空心滚珠丝杠副和两个摩擦减振棒。两个摩擦减振棒指瓣部分深入滚珠丝杠中心通孔内，减振棒通过其外圆柱面过盈配合固定在中空滚珠丝杠内，摩擦减振棒见图2。
通过优化设计摩擦减振棒指瓣部分外圆和丝杠内孔过盈量、摩擦减振棒指瓣数量和减振棒中心通孔尺寸，保证减振棒指瓣和丝杠内孔适度压力和指瓣具有适度的弹性。
滚珠丝杠副一般为丝杠做旋转运动，驱动螺母带动工作台直线移动。当滚珠丝杠工作转速接近其临界转速，或者当工作台受横向动态负载频率接近滚珠丝杠临界转频时，丝杠横向弯曲振动振幅增大。当振幅增大到一定程度时，摩擦减振棒指瓣和丝杠内孔表面发生微观滑动摩擦并产生沿丝杠轴向的摩擦力，进而通过摩擦阻尼消耗丝杠弯曲振动能量，从而滚珠丝杠横向弯曲振动会得到有效抑制。
实施效果：取直径0.025米、长1米中空丝杠，将两个摩擦减振棒固定于丝杠空腔内，通过优化设计过盈量、指瓣数量和中心孔直径，得到螺母位于丝杠中间位置时螺母处的频率响应函数曲线如图3所示。而对于未加加摩擦减振棒的丝杠，当螺母位于丝杠中间位置，螺母位置处的频率响应函数曲线如图4所示，从频率响应曲线幅值可以看出，加上阻尼器后丝杠的振动响应幅值减小了70％左右。

Claims (2)

1.一种基于摩擦阻尼耗能的滚珠丝杠副结构，其特征在于，包括滚珠丝杠副(1)、摩擦减振棒(2)，所述滚珠丝杠副(1)的丝杠为中空结构，摩擦减振棒(2)为多指瓣的长圆柱体结构，内设中心通孔，摩擦减振棒内装于空心丝杠中，摩擦减振棒外圆表面与空心丝杠内孔表面采用过盈配合，保证摩擦减振棒与丝杠内孔的接触压力，以产生摩擦阻尼，摩擦减振棒(2)的多指瓣结构保证减振棒在横向方向具有弹性，当高速旋转时各指瓣可被离心力压覆在丝杠内孔表面，以增强摩擦阻尼。
2.按照权利要求1的一种基于摩擦阻尼耗能的滚珠丝杠副结构，其特征在于，所述的空心丝杠中包括多段或多个摩擦减振棒(2)。
CN201410067034.2A 2014-02-26 2014-02-26 一种基于摩擦减振的滚珠丝杠副结构 Expired - Fee Related CN103867676B (zh)

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CN105422732B (zh) * 2015-12-09 2018-12-07 北京工业大学 一种用于细长回转轴的复合阻尼减振胀棒结构
CN107061658B (zh) * 2017-05-04 2020-03-17 西安交通大学 一种金属橡胶减振冷却丝杠
CN108591395A (zh) * 2018-05-27 2018-09-28 北京工业大学 一种基于减振套管的滚珠丝杠副结构

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US3349638A (en) * 1965-08-31 1967-10-31 Morse Controls Inc Selective vernier control
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