CN103867260A - 废气处理系统 - Google Patents

废气处理系统 Download PDF

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CN103867260A
CN103867260A CN201310669790.8A CN201310669790A CN103867260A CN 103867260 A CN103867260 A CN 103867260A CN 201310669790 A CN201310669790 A CN 201310669790A CN 103867260 A CN103867260 A CN 103867260A
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treatment system
exhaust treatment
housing
exhaust
dividing plate
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雷吉斯·路易斯·艾伯特·沃纳布
托尔本·莱因霍尔德·菲利普
伊夫·霍尔
菲利普·费德勒
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Liebherr Machines Bulle SA
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Liebherr Machines Bulle SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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Abstract

一种废气处理系统，用于减少内燃机废气中的有害物质，优选用于减少柴油机废气中的有害物质，该系统具有气密且液密的壳体，该壳体具有至少一个入口和至少一个出口，其中，在该壳体中布置导气部件，且其中，该壳体包围腔体，在腔体中包括触媒材料和/或颗粒过滤器材料，其中，导气部件具有火花档和/或熄火花部件。

Description

废气处理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废气处理系统，用于减少内燃机废气中的有害物质，优选用于减少柴油机废气中的有害物质。
背景技术
已经完全已知用于柴油机的废气处理系统。在车辆技术中，在废气处理系统中通常使用所谓的SCR方法，即，选择性催化还原，从而减少氧化氮排放。通过选择性催化还原，氧化氮高效地被从废气中消除。安装用于减少氧化氮的SCR系统使得可以在最佳消耗驱动点驱动马达。
通常，废气处理系统由气密且液密壳体构成，该壳体具有入口和出口，其中，在壳体中布置导气部件。该壳体包围至少一个腔体，腔体中有触媒材料。基本上也相应地构建废气处理系统，其包括代替触媒材料的颗粒过滤器材料。此外，废气处理系统可构建成两级的。在第一级中，废气被引导通过触媒材料。然后，废气进入包括颗粒过滤器的废气处理系统。也已知为单级系统的废气处理系统，其中仅使用颗粒过滤器。
对于已知的废气处理系统，至今还需要在废气处理系统之后额外加装火花挡。该额外的火花挡是额外待设置的部件，废气流在通过废气处理系统之后还须被引导通过该额外待设置的部件。引导通过该额外待设置的部件导致更高的反压力，且由此导致消耗更多的燃料。此外，整个废气处理系统的重量提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，改进用于减少内燃机废气中的有害物质的废气处理系统，使得无需设置额外的火花挡。
根据本发明，该目的通过根据权利要求1的上位概念所述的废气处理系统以下述方式实现，即，导气部件具有涡流产生部件。在废气处理系统内，通过该涡流产生部件，实现对被引导通过废气处理系统的废气进行熄火花的流优化。通过提高的涡流，废气流中的火花与各壁接触，从而在此使其变碎和冷却。因此，火花通过至少一个撞击部而变碎。此外，通过该撞击部冷却火花。此外，由于涡流而提高了火花在废气处理装置中的停留时间。在流过废气处理系统期间，火花与更冷的废气以及更冷的隔板接触，且完全退火。本发明的优选实施方式通过独立权利要求后面的从属权利要求给出。
因此，导气部件通过平行的隔板形成，其将废气分成多个子流。
涡流产生部件可有利地是设置隔板中的裂口或槽，或是布置在隔板之间的扰流器、撞击部或额外的导流片。导流片可用于将火花与引导的废气流导流至壁，从而使固体颗粒通过壁接触而有目的地变碎且冷却。
有利地，触媒材料由带有催化化学活性表面或涂层的触媒载体材料构成。
根据本发明的特别有利的实施方式，用于选择性催化还原的带有触媒的多个腔体一个接一个的布置。
由于高的温度，隔板有利由金属片或金属薄膜，或者陶瓷部件或上述材料的组合构成。
根据本发明的另一优点，可在废气处理系统的壳体中额外集成至少一个隔音部件。
对于本发明的另一有利方案，在设置在废气处理系统中的颗粒过滤器中选择废气被引导通过的壁的多孔性，使得滤净可能存在的火花。
根据本发明的替选方案，废气处理系统实施为单级的，其中，在此仅包括颗粒过滤器，其中，废气被引导通过的壁的多孔性被选择成，使得进入废气处理系统的小火花被滤净。因此，对于该实施方式，进入废气处理系统的火花完全由颗粒过滤器滤净。
附图说明
根据附图中所示的实施例进一步说明本发明的其他特征、细节和优点。附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的废气处理系统的局部剖视图；
图2示出根据图1的废气处理系统的细节；
图3对应于图2示出带有绘出的废气流动过程的视图；
图4示出根据图1的废气处理系统的部分的透视图；
图5示出根据本发明的另一废气处理系统的示意图；
图6示出根据图5的废气处理系统的细节；以及
图7示出根据图5的废气处理系统的另一细节的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出废气处理系统1，用于减少柴油机废气中的有害物质。该废气处理系统1具有壳体5，该壳体具有入口2和出口3。待净化的柴油机废气被导入入口2中。净化后的废气从出口3排出。在壳体5中形成多个腔体6，6’和6’’，其中，多个腔体6，6’和6’’可分别形成段。此外，在壳体中布置导体部件4，如在图2中示出的细节A给出的。导气部件4具有隔板8，8’和8’’，其将废气流分成子流7，7’和7’’。通常，隔板8，8’和8’’由金属制成。隔板当然也可由陶瓷制成，因为陶瓷也可承受高的废气温度。
对废气的净化自身至少在分别由一个或多个腔体6，6’和6’’构成的部件9，9’中完成。在各部件9，9’中，对废气的净化可通过化学转换和/或过滤完成。在此所描述的实施例中，废气流在段中与催化化学活性表面或涂层（所谓的清洗涂层10）接触。该表面可呈现为还原或氧化催化器。
可通过熄火花或火花离心力分离法确保从出口3排出的气体的火花自由性。对此可使用部件9，9’的熄火花和/或火花挡特性。
当然，根据本发明，子流7，7’和7’’通过合适的措施产生涡流。通过涡流产生部件11产生涡流。如图2和图3中所示的，涡流产生部件可以是裂口、槽或撞击部。适当情况下，也可提供弯曲的通道、结构化的通道壁和流偏转部。在图3中示出废气流的流线，其中，产生的涡流通过流线的曲线表示。为了在此尽可能早地产生涡流，产生尽可能高的流速（高雷诺数）。
在图1中示出一实施例，其中，隔板8由核心或基本材料15构成，其由表面涂层，由所谓的清洗涂层10覆盖。这呈现本发明的有利变型。
在图5至图7中示出用于减少柴油机废气中的有害物质的废气处理系统1的第二实施例。
同样地，图5示出壳体5，在其中再次设置入口2和出口3。待净化的柴油机废气被导入入口2中，而净化后的废气从出口3排出。在此所示的变型中，包括两个区域。在第一区域20中容纳柴油触媒氧化器，其包括金属基质。
第二区域包括柴油颗粒过滤器30，且基本上由陶瓷基质构成。
在废气处理系统1的该变型中，第一区域具有涡流产生部件，如已经根据第一实施例所描述的。在此根据图6以透视细节图示出涡轮产生部件。在此示出包括涡轮产生部件24的壁22，通过其整个流形成涡流。由此火花26可沉积在壁上，由此其变碎和冷却，且因此被消除。
只要在排出区域20的被处理废气空气流中还含有火花，其与废气流进入区域30，该区域基本上对应于图7地被构建。在此，废气流入封闭通道32，且通过多孔壁34。在通过多孔壁时，过滤通常具有达23nm直径的炭黑颗粒。由于过滤效果，滤净还可能存在的火花，使得在此确保防止其与排出通道36的废气被一起引导。在图7的细节A中示意性地示出，火花26在多孔壁34上如何被分离。

Claims (12)

1.一种废气处理系统，用于减少内燃机废气中的有害物质，优选用于减少柴油机废气中的有害物质，该系统具有气密且液密的壳体，该壳体具有至少一个入口和至少一个出口，其中，在该壳体中布置导气部件，并且，该壳体包围腔体，在腔体中包括触媒材料和/或颗粒过滤器材料，其特征在于，所述导气部件具有火花档和/或熄火花部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，所述导气部件由平行的隔板构成，其将废气分成多个子流。
3.根据权利要求2所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，涡流产生部件是设置在隔板中的裂口或槽，或是布置在隔板之间的扰流器、撞击部或额外的导流片。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，所述触媒材料由具有催化化学表面或涂层的触媒载体材料构成。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，过滤器是颗粒过滤器。
6.根据权利要求4所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，带有触媒的多个腔体一个接一个地布置，从而选择性催化还原。
7.根据权利要求5所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，带有过滤器的多个腔体一个接一个地布置。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，所述隔板由金属片或薄膜，或由陶瓷部件或上述材料的组合构成。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，额外地集成至少一个隔音部件。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，包括第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域中包括触媒氧化器，所述第二区域中包括颗粒过滤器。
11.根据权利要求5至10中任一项所述的废气处理系统，其特征在于，在所述颗粒过滤器中选择废气被引导通过的壁的多孔性，使得滤净可能存在的小火花。
12.根据权利要求4和权利要求5的组合的废气处理系统。
CN201310669790.8A 2012-12-10 2013-12-10 废气处理系统 Pending CN103867260A (zh)

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