CN103866775B - 一种寒区分散土边坡的防护方法 - Google Patents
一种寒区分散土边坡的防护方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103866775B CN103866775B CN201410127462.XA CN201410127462A CN103866775B CN 103866775 B CN103866775 B CN 103866775B CN 201410127462 A CN201410127462 A CN 201410127462A CN 103866775 B CN103866775 B CN 103866775B
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- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-acetaminophenol Chemical compound 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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
一种寒区分散土边坡的防护方法。本发明涉及一种寒区分散土边坡的防护技术。本发明的目的是为了解决现有寒区分散土边坡遇到的冻胀、失稳、冲蚀破坏以及现有防护方法工程量大和受雨水冲刷影响较大的问题。本发明的防护方法：一、在待铺设复合材料的位置处预先铺设一层土工布；二、将聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石搅拌均匀后得到复合材料；三、将步骤二得到的复合材料在固化前铺设在渠道边坡上，铺设厚度D按公式：计算；其中Hz为有效波高，R=0.35，△为护坡层相对密度，为破波参数，按公式计算；其中为平均波长，α为护坡倾角；四、在渠道顶部开挖截水沟；五、在渠道底部固脚位置铺设步骤二得到的复合材料，完成寒区分散土边坡的防护。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种寒区分散土边坡的防护技术。
背景技术
[0002] 分散性粘土(简称分散土）常被称做"高钠土"，地下水及土壤出现苏打和氯化钠的 盐碱化积累是引起分散土形成的主要原因，降雨会造成分散土边坡大量的冲蚀破坏，北方 地区由于受到自然环境，冻胀、融沉的影响，经历几个冻融周期后，会造成分散土边坡的大 量冻胀破坏，这些都是寒区渠道边坡失稳的重要原因。工程中，如何减少分散土边坡的冲 蚀、冻胀破坏，是分散土边坡治理工程需要考虑的主要因素。
[0003] 目前，国内采用分散土边坡的防护方法通常是掺入4%-5%的石灰，改良分散土，形 成新的改良土边坡，但这种方法工程量较大，还不能避免雨水冲刷对分散土边坡的影响，有 的在衬砌下通过砂或土工布反滤对分散土边坡进行防护，但衬砌与反滤材料衔接不好，很 容易造成整体失稳，这些方法都不能从根本上达到治理分散土边坡的目的。
[0004] 工程上急需寻找一种综合技术，重点是对分散土边坡表层进行防护，防止降雨对 分散土边坡的冲刷，并对护坡进行反滤排水，降低坡体内部的水分迀移，减少冻胀破坏。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的是为了解决现有寒区分散土边坡遇到的冻胀、失稳、冲蚀破坏以及 现有防护方法工程量大和受雨水冲刷影响较大的问题，而提供了一种寒区分散土边坡的防 护方法。
[0006] 本发明的一种寒区分散土边坡的防护方法按以下步骤进行：
[0007] -、在待铺设复合材料的位置处预先铺设一层土工布，土工布按坡肩到坡脚顺坡 方向铺设，水流方向搭接长度不小于20cm ;
[0008] 二、将聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石置于混合机械设备中进行搅拌混合，搅拌至聚氨酯粘 结剂均匀包裹于碎石表面后，得到复合材料；所述的聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石的质量比为（2~ 3) : 100 ;所述的碎石直径为5mm~30mm ;
[0009] 三、将步骤二得到的复合材料在固化前铺设在渠道边坡土工布的上表面上，形 成具有整体结构的护坡层，铺设厚度D按公式
计算；其中Hz为有效波高，
R=0. 35, Λ为护坡层相对密度，f为破波参数，i按公式 '计算；其中I为平均 1. 波长，α为护坡倾角；
[0010] 四、在渠道顶部开挖截水沟，截水沟宽X高尺寸为30cm X 30cm ;
[0011] 五、在渠道底部固脚位置铺设步骤二得到的复合材料，铺设时需在步骤二得到的 复合材料固化前铺设，形成固脚防护层，完成寒区分散土边坡的防护。
[0012] 本发明的寒区分散土边坡的防护方法稳定存在于渠道边坡上，承受雨水冲刷，抵 御冻胀融沉的破坏，是一种将聚氨酯粘结剂与优选级配的碎石颗粒复合在一起的整体结 构。首先：优选级配碎石尺寸为5-30_，特别优选5-10_，便于粘结剂的均勾拌合、覆盖。碎 石与聚氨酯粘结剂混合直接铺设在分散土边坡表面，铺设前由装载机械运输至现场完成。 铺设完成后由手动工具找平。碎石颗粒与聚氨酯的混合连续进行，混合均匀后连续卸出。均 匀混合后尽快运送至现场铺设。混合时间应至少使复合材料全部拌匀，但拌合时间不宜过 长，在复合材料尚未固化前进行铺设。保证将要拌合的碎石干燥整洁，防止砂、土等杂质粘 附在复合材料上，消减粘结力，影响其稳定性。其次：护坡层厚度应适宜，厚度太小，对坡面 压实不够，也不利于抵抗冻胀破坏与雨水冲蚀。最后：为保护开挖边坡免受雨水冲刷，首先 完成边坡上部永久性截流沟的施工，在渠顶位置设有截流沟，渠顶截流沟可有效抑制降雨 对坡面的冲刷，节流坡体上部水流。
[0013] 本发明的寒区分散土边坡的防护方法优点如下：
[0014] ①本发明的防护方法中的结构针对分散土边坡的表面冲蚀起到很好的防护作用， 依靠自重对分散土边坡的压实起到积极作用，有利于分散土边坡的整体稳定，且柔性结构 能很好的适应护坡的变形而不被破坏，比刚性结构具备更好的安全稳定性，通过室内模型 试验，可以得出本发明的防护方法中的结构单元体抗压强度为1. 8~4. 9MPa、弯曲强度为 0· 5 ~1. 9MPa，弹性模量为 1000 ~3000MPa ;
[0015] ②能很好的抑制雨水对分散土坡面的冲刷及内部侵蚀，有效的对分散土边坡起到 很好的保护作用，抗冲刷能力较强，能承受最大的水流速度可达6m/s ;
[0016] ③本发明的防护方法中的结构在本质上也具有透水性，对地下水的过滤作用具有 较强的包容性，水中的悬移物和淤泥还能沉淀在填石缝中，有利于自然植物的生长；
[0017] ④本发明的防护方法中的结构可直接铺设在刚性基础或柔性基础上，适用于各 种基础，表面能种植草皮，能很好的预防土质松软、边坡滑落及泥石流的发生，对维护自 然景观，提高施工速度，降低工程造价效果显著，与混凝土铰接板（开孔式15cm)防护方 法相比，造价降低52%，与混凝土预制板（15cm)防护方法相比，造价降低6%，与格宾网垫 (2. 0m*6m*0. 17m)防护方法相比，造价降低3%，与格宾网垫（2. 0m*6m*0. 23m)防护方法相 比，造价降低16% ;
[0018] ⑤本发明的防护方法中的分散土复合护坡是一种柔性蜂窝式结构，可以增加热 阻，减少能量传递，且护垫下卧土体温度场分布均匀，能够有效减小冻深及冻胀量，并抑制 不均匀冻胀的发生，这种结构可以很好的适应冻胀融沉的影响，能够有效的减缓冰推对边 坡的破坏，并且护坡自身的反滤排水特点可以降低土体内部的水分迀移，解决寒区冻融、冻 胀对边坡的破坏，通过室内模型试验，可以得出本发明的防护方法中的结构单元体的抗冻 融循环能力可以达到F300,冻胀消减效果与传统混凝土板护坡相比，渠底最大冻胀消减量 为23%，渠坡下1/3最大冻胀消减量为12%，渠坡上1/3最大冻胀消减量为15%，渠顶最大冻 胀消减量为18% ;
[0019] ⑥工程量小，施工简单，维护方便，造价低，易于实施适用于水利工程输水渠道工 程、河流岸堤、护坡、水坝等存在分散土破坏较严重地区。
附图说明
[0020] 图1为本发明的一种寒区分散土边坡工程防护方法示意图；其中1为护坡层；2为 土工布；3为固脚防护层。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式 [0021] 一：本实施方式的一种寒区分散土边坡的防护方法按以下步骤进 行：
[0022] -、在待铺设复合材料的位置处预先铺设一层土工布，土工布按坡肩到坡脚顺坡 方向铺设，水流方向搭接长度不小于20cm ;
[0023] 二、将聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石置于混合机械设备中进行搅拌混合，搅拌至聚氨酯粘 结剂均匀包裹于碎石表面后，得到复合材料；所述的聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石的质量比为（2~ 3) : 100 ;所述的碎石直径为5mm~30mm ;
[0024] 三、将步骤二得到的复合材料在固化前铺设在渠道边坡土工布的上表面上，形 成具有整体结构的护坡层，铺设厚度D按公式：
计算；其中Hz为有效波高， R=0. 35, Λ为护坡层相对密度，ί为破波参数，f按公式
计算；其中I为平均 波长，α为护坡倾角；
[0025] 四、在渠道顶部开挖截水沟，截水沟宽X高尺寸为30cm X 30cm ;
[0026] 五、在渠道底部固脚位置铺设步骤二得到的复合材料，铺设时需在步骤二得到的 复合材料固化前铺设，形成固脚防护层，完成寒区分散土边坡的防护。
[0027] 本实施方式中步骤三中形成具有整体结构的护坡层后，在具有整体结构的护坡层 表面覆土。
[0028] 本实施方式的寒区分散土边坡的防护方法稳定存在于渠道边坡上，承受雨水冲 刷，抵御冻胀融沉的破坏，是一种将聚氨酯粘结剂与优选级配的碎石颗粒复合在一起的整 体结构。首先：优选级配碎石尺寸为5-30_，特别优选5-10_，便于粘结剂的均勾拌合、覆 盖。碎石与聚氨酯粘结剂混合直接铺设在分散土边坡表面，铺设前由装载机械运输至现场 完成。铺设完成后由手动工具找平。碎石颗粒与聚氨酯的混合连续进行，混合均匀后连续卸 出。均匀混合后尽快运送至现场铺设。混合时间应至少使复合材料全部拌匀，但拌合时间不 宜过长，在复合材料尚未固化前进行铺设。保证将要拌合的碎石干燥整洁，防止砂、土等杂 质粘附在复合材料上，消减粘结力，影响其稳定性。其次：护坡层厚度应适宜，厚度太小，对 坡面压实不够，也不利于抵抗冻胀破坏与雨水冲蚀。最后：为保护开挖边坡免受雨水冲刷， 首先完成边坡上部永久性截流沟的施工，在渠顶位置设有截流沟，渠顶截流沟可有效抑制 降雨对坡面的冲刷，节流坡体上部水流。
[0029] 本实施方式的寒区分散土边坡的防护方法优点如下：
[0030] ①本实施方式的防护方法中的结构针对分散土边坡的表面冲蚀起到很好的防护 作用，依靠自重对分散土边坡的压实起到积极作用，有利于分散土边坡的整体稳定，且柔性 结构能很好的适应护坡的变形而不被破坏，比刚性结构具备更好的安全稳定性，通过室内 模型试验，可以得出本实施方式的防护方法中的结构单元体抗压强度为1. 8~4. 9MPa、弯 曲强度为0. 5~1. 9MPa，弹性模量为1000~3000MPa ;
[0031] ②能很好的抑制雨水对分散土坡面的冲刷及内部侵蚀，有效的对分散土边坡起到 很好的保护作用，抗冲刷能力较强，能承受最大的水流速度可达6m/s ;
[0032] ③本实施方式的防护方法中的结构在本质上也具有透水性，对地下水的过滤作用 具有较强的包容性，水中的悬移物和淤泥还能沉淀在填石缝中，有利于自然植物的生长；
[0033] ④本实施方式的防护方法中的结构可直接铺设在刚性基础或柔性基础上，适用 于各种基础，表面能种植草皮，能很好的预防土质松软、边坡滑落及泥石流的发生，对维护 自然景观，提高施工速度，降低工程造价效果显著，与混凝土铰接板（开孔式15cm)防护方 法相比，造价降低52%，与混凝土预制板（15cm)防护方法相比，造价降低6%，与格宾网垫 (2. 0m*6m*0. 17m)防护方法相比，造价降低3%，与格宾网垫（2. 0m*6m*0. 23m)防护方法相 比，造价降低16% ;
[0034] ⑤本实施方式的防护方法中的分散土复合护坡是一种柔性蜂窝式结构，可以增加 热阻，减少能量传递，且护垫下卧土体温度场分布均匀，能够有效减小冻深及冻胀量，并抑 制不均匀冻胀的发生，这种结构可以很好的适应冻胀融沉的影响，能够有效的减缓冰推对 边坡的破坏，并且护坡自身的反滤排水特点可以降低土体内部的水分迀移，解决寒区冻融、 冻胀对边坡的破坏，通过室内模型试验，可以得出本实施方式的防护方法中的结构单元体 的抗冻融循环能力可以达到F300,冻胀消减效果与传统混凝土板护坡相比，渠底最大冻胀 消减量为23%，渠坡下1/3最大冻胀消减量为12%，渠坡上1/3最大冻胀消减量为15%，渠顶 最大冻胀消减量为18% ;
[0035] ⑥工程量小，施工简单，维护方便，造价低，易于实施适用于水利工程输水渠道工 程、河流岸堤、护坡、水坝等存在分散土破坏较严重地区。
具体实施方式 [0036] 二：本实施方式与一不同的是：步骤一中水流方向搭 接长度为20cm~25cm。其它步骤及参数与一相同。
具体实施方式 [0037] 三：本实施方式与一或二不同的是：步骤二中将聚氨 酯粘结剂与碎石置于混合机械设备中进行搅拌混合，搅拌3min~5min后，得到复合材料。 其它步骤及参数与一或二相同。
具体实施方式 [0038] 四：本实施方式与一至三之一不同的是：步骤二中所 述的聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石的质量比为2.8 :100。其它步骤及参数与一至三之 一相同。
具体实施方式 [0039] 五：本实施方式与一至四之一不同的是：步骤二中所 述的碎石直径为5mm~20_。其它步骤及参数与一至四之一相同。
具体实施方式 [0040] 六：本实施方式与一至五之一不同的是：步骤二中所 述的碎石直径为5mm~10_。其它步骤及参数与一至五之一相同。
具体实施方式 [0041] 七：本实施方式与一至六之一不同的是：步骤三中铺 设厚度为15cm。其它步骤及参数与一至六之一相同。
[0042]
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至七之一不同的是：步骤五中所 述的固脚防护层的铺设尺寸为宽X高尺寸40cmX40cm。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式 一至七之一相同。
[0043] 通过以下实施例验证本发明的有益效果：
[0044] 试验一、本试验的一种寒区分散土边坡工程防护方法按以下步骤进行：
[0045] 于黑龙江省大庆防洪地区进行本试验一种寒区分散土边坡工程防护方法效果的 验证。
[0046] ①平整场地：清除坡面浮土及软弱土层，保持坡面干燥、清洁；
[0047] ②定点放线；
[0048] ③开挖基槽；
[0049] ④清理基槽工作面；
[0050] ⑤一种寒区分散土边坡工程防护方法：
[0051] -、在待铺设复合材料的位置处预先铺设一层土工布，土工布按坡肩到坡脚顺坡 方向铺设，水流方向搭接长度为20cm ;
[0052] 二、将聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石置于混合机械设备中进行搅拌混合，搅拌至聚氨酯粘 结剂均匀包裹于碎石表面后，得到复合材料；所述的聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石的质量比为2. 8 : 100 ;所述的碎石直径为5mm~10mm ;
[0053] 三、将步骤二得到的复合材料在固化前铺设在渠道边坡土工布的上表面上，形 成具有整体结构的护坡层，铺设厚度D按公式：
计算；其中Hz为有效波高， R=0. 35, Λ为护坡层相对密度，$为破波参数，f按公式
计算；其中I为平均 波长，α为护坡倾角；
[0054] 四、在渠道顶部开挖截水沟，截水沟宽X高尺寸为30cm X 30cm ;
[0055] 五、在渠道底部固脚位置铺设步骤二得到的复合材料，铺设时需在步骤二得到的 复合材料固化前铺设，形成固脚防护层，完成寒区分散土边坡的防护。
[0056] 本试验步骤三中铺设厚度D按公式：
计算；其中Ηζ=0. 83, R=0. 35， 1. 1，ί=〇 32, χ按公式，经计算铺设厚度 D=15cm〇
[0057] 本试验步骤三中形成具有整体结构的护坡层后，在具有整体结构的护坡层表面覆 土。
[0058] 本试验步骤五中固脚防护层铺设尺寸为宽X高尺寸40cmX40cm。
[0059] 对试验一的效果进行验证：
[0060] 1、通过室内模型试验，可以得出试验一中结构件单元体的抗冻融循环能力可以达 到 F300〇
[0061] 2、通过室内模型试验，可以得出试验一中结构件单元体的抗压强度为1.8~ 4. 9MPa，弯曲强度为0· 5~1. 9MPa，弹性模量为1000~3000MPa。
[0062] 3、通过模拟野外现场试验工程，进行了室内模型比尺试验，与传统混凝土板护坡 相比，渠底的最大冻胀消减量比传统混凝土板护坡的最大冻胀消减量提高23%，渠坡下1/3 的最大冻胀消减量比传统混凝土板护坡的最大冻胀消减量提高12%，渠坡上1/3的最大冻 胀消减量比传统混凝土板护坡的最大冻胀消减量提高15%，渠顶的最大冻胀消减量比传统 混凝土板护坡的最大冻胀消减量提高18%。
[0063] 4、与现有护坡方案单位造价对比，结果如表1所示：
[0064] 表1、不同护坡方案单位造价对比
Claims (2)
1. 一种寒区分散土边坡的防护方法，其特征在于一种寒区分散土边坡的防护方法按以 下步骤进行： 一、 在待铺设复合材料的位置处预先铺设一层土工布，土工布按坡肩到坡脚顺坡方向 铺设，水流方向搭接长度为20cm; 二、 将聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石置于混合机械设备中进行搅拌混合，搅拌至聚氨酯粘结剂 均匀包裹于碎石表面后，得到复合材料；所述的聚氨酯粘结剂与碎石的质量比为2. 8 :100 ; 所述的碎石直径为5mm~10mm; 三、 将步骤二得到的复合材料在固化前铺设在渠道边坡土工布的上表面上，形成具有 整体结构的护坡层；所述的铺设厚度为15cm; 四、 在渠道顶部开挖截水沟，截水沟宽X高尺寸为30cmX30cm; 五、 在渠道底部固脚位置铺设步骤二得到的复合材料，铺设时需在步骤二得到的复合 材料固化前铺设，形成固脚防护层，完成寒区分散土边坡的防护； 所述的固脚防护层的铺设尺寸为宽X高尺寸40cmX40cm。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种寒区分散土边坡的防护方法，其特征在于步骤二中将聚 氨酯粘结剂与碎石置于混合机械设备中进行搅拌混合，搅拌3min~5min后，得到复合材 料。
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