CN103865493A - 凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液及其制备方法。本发明是由占总质量90%的相变石蜡乳液和占总质量10%的高分子凝胶组成。通过凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液,不需要高速搅拌分散即能使相变石蜡乳液稳定,并能根据实际需要制备成半流动态或凝固态,即使经过反复加热冷却,也不会发生分层、沉降或析出,制备工艺简单,成本低,易于推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及相变储能技术领域,具体涉及到一种凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液及其制备方法。
背景技术
相变材料作为能量存储的有效介质广泛应用于日常生活,石蜡等有机相变材料潜热高、无过冷度等优点,但是热传导差,容易燃烧;在相变过程时会发生固态与液态的转化,因此必须得有容器封装才能使用,否则会有液体泄露,因此应用受到限制。
石蜡是从石油中提炼出来不同分子质量烷烃类的混合物,它是一种内聚力较强的油性有机物质,不溶于水,具有较高的相变潜热值,相变过程中无过冷及析出现象,性能稳定、无毒、无腐蚀性,因此,石蜡相变储能材料的研究和使用受到了广泛重视。。
石蜡乳液是将石蜡均匀地分散在水中,借助乳化剂的定向吸附作用,改变其表面张力,并在机械外力作用下形成乳液。石蜡乳液由于相变过程中可以大幅提高流体的有效比热和传热性能。相变乳液可以同时利用相变材料的潜热容量和水的显热容量,在相同温度变化范围内的储能密度是水体系的2到5倍,过冷度小,储能过程中温度变化小,传热性能好的优点,但相变石蜡乳液的稳定性较差。
中国专利申请号200710035429.4以凝胶为载体的复合相变材料,相变焓高,蓄热效果佳,具有一定的塑形,但工艺中使用了有一定毒性的二氧六环,并且通过直接原位聚合合成凝胶,会导致一定单体残留,该方法并不环保。
发明内容
本发明针对现有相变乳液稳定性较差, 并作为对上述专利缺陷的一种改进,提出一种凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液及其制备方法。
所述凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液由占总质量90%的相变石蜡乳液和占总质量10%的高分子凝胶组成;所述相变石蜡乳液由石蜡、乳化剂和水组成,所述高分子凝胶是经过化学交联的羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和线性聚丙烯酰胺的混合物。
所述凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液的制备方法,其特征在于采用如下步骤: 将羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和线性聚丙烯酰胺充分溶解于水中成高分子溶液,将石蜡与乳化剂加热成熔融液,在搅拌下将熔融液加入到高分子溶液中,再加入交联剂,搅拌后真空静置脱气后制得凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液。
所述石蜡可以是熔融温度为5℃到70℃之间任一温度的石蜡。
所述复合乳化剂为脂肪醇聚乙烯基醚、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、山梨醇月桂酸单酯、吐温按质量比4:1:1:1的混合物。
所述交联剂为柠檬酸铝和草酸钙按质量比2:1的混合物,所述交联剂占高分子凝胶质量百分比为0.1~0.7%。
本技术方案具有的有益效果是通过凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液,不需要高速搅拌分散即能使相变石蜡乳液稳定,并能根据实际需要制备成半流动态或凝固态,即使经过反复加热冷却,也不会发生分层、沉降或析出,制备工艺简单,成本低,易于推广。
具体实施方式
实施例1
取线性聚丙烯酰胺85克、羧甲基纤维素9克、海藻酸钠5.85克,溶解在590克水中,形成高分子溶液,将石蜡230克与脂肪醇聚乙烯基醚45.7克、十二烷基苯磺酸钠11.42克、山梨醇月桂酸单酯11.42克、吐温11.42克在100℃水浴下加热成熔融液,在转速为400r/min(rpm)搅拌的情况下将熔融液慢慢加入到高分子溶液中,直到形成白色粘稠状乳液,在室温下加入柠檬酸铝0.1克和草酸钙0.05克,继续以400r/min(rpm)搅拌5分钟,放在50℃的真空烘箱内脱除气泡1小时,得到乳白色半凝固状凝胶。
实施例2
取线性聚丙烯酰胺60克与羧甲基纤维素34克、海藻酸钠5.7克,加入到水765克中充分溶胀,配制成高分子溶液,将石蜡100克与脂肪醇聚乙烯基醚20克、十二烷基苯磺酸钠5克、山梨醇月桂酸单酯5克、吐温5克在100℃水浴下加热成熔融液,在400r/min(rpm)搅拌的情况下慢慢加入,直到形成白色粘稠状乳液,在室温下加入柠檬酸铝0.2克和草酸钙0.1克,以500r/min(rpm)搅拌2分钟,放在50℃的真空烘箱内脱除气泡2小时,得到乳白色半凝固状凝胶。
实施例3
取线性聚丙烯酰胺60克与羧甲基纤维素34克、海藻酸钠5.4克,加入到水765克中充分溶胀,配制成高分子溶液,将石蜡100克与脂肪醇聚乙烯基醚20克、十二烷基苯磺酸钠5克、山梨醇月桂酸单酯5克、吐温5克在100℃水浴下加热成熔融液,在400r/min(rpm)搅拌的情况下慢慢加入,直到形成白色粘稠状乳液,在室温下加入柠檬酸铝0.4克和草酸钙0.2克,以800r/min(rpm)搅拌1分钟,放在50℃的真空烘箱内脱除气泡3小时,得到具有一定塑性的乳白色凝胶。
Claims (6)
1.一种凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液,其特征在于,由占总质量90%的相变石蜡乳液和占总质量10%的高分子凝胶组成;所述相变石蜡乳液由石蜡、复合乳化剂和水组成,所述高分子凝胶是经过化学交联的羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和线性聚丙烯酰胺的混合物。
2.一种权利要求1所述凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,采用如下步骤: 将羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和线性聚丙烯酰胺充分溶解于水中形成高分子溶液,将石蜡与乳化剂加热成熔融液,在搅拌下将熔融液加入到高分子溶液中,再加入交联剂,搅拌后真空静置脱气后制得凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液。
3.根据权利要求1所述凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液,其特征在于所述石蜡可以是熔融温度在5℃到70℃之间任一温度的石蜡。
4.根据权利要求1所述凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液,其特征在于,所述复合乳化剂为脂肪醇聚乙烯基醚、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、山梨醇月桂酸单酯、吐温按质量比4:1:1:1的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液,其特征在于,所述交联剂为柠檬酸铝和草酸钙的按质量比2:1的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1,5所述凝胶稳定相变石蜡乳液,其特征在于,所述交联剂占高分子凝胶质量百分比为0.1~0.7%。
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Cited By (4)
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CN104877639A (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-02 | 湘潭大学 | 一种脲类凝胶因子复合定形相变材料及其制备方法 |
CN104893671A (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-09 | 湘潭大学 | 一种氨基甲酸酯类凝胶因子复合定形相变材料及其制备方法 |
CN111944494A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-17 | 塔里木大学 | 膨胀蛭石-石蜡-pam定形相变储能材料的制备方法 |
CN114539980A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种可室温下长期储能的相变材料及其制备和应用 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104877639A (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-02 | 湘潭大学 | 一种脲类凝胶因子复合定形相变材料及其制备方法 |
CN104893671A (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-09 | 湘潭大学 | 一种氨基甲酸酯类凝胶因子复合定形相变材料及其制备方法 |
CN104877639B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-02-23 | 湘潭大学 | 一种脲类凝胶因子复合定形相变材料及其制备方法 |
CN104893671B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-03-09 | 湘潭大学 | 一种氨基甲酸酯类凝胶因子复合定形相变材料及其制备方法 |
CN111944494A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-17 | 塔里木大学 | 膨胀蛭石-石蜡-pam定形相变储能材料的制备方法 |
CN114539980A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种可室温下长期储能的相变材料及其制备和应用 |
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