CN103864631A - 一种马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103864631A
CN103864631A CN201210387247.4A CN201210387247A CN103864631A CN 103864631 A CN103864631 A CN 103864631A CN 201210387247 A CN201210387247 A CN 201210387247A CN 103864631 A CN103864631 A CN 103864631A
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dimeracid
maleic anhydride
preparation
triethanolamine ester
reaction
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廖德仲
许怡学
任劭
毛立新
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Hunan Institute of Science and Technology
Yueyang Vocational Technical College
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Hunan Institute of Science and Technology
Yueyang Vocational Technical College
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Abstract

本发明公开了制备马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的方法。制备操作简单,所得产品质量稳定。本发明的制备方法主要是先将马来酸酐和二聚酸在加热条件下进行Diels-Alder反应,然后再和三乙醇胺进行酯化反应,冷却后得到淡黄色马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯。该化合物可作为润滑剂、防锈剂应用在润滑油和防锈油中,还可用作高分子材料的增强剂、环氧树脂的增韧剂和固化促进剂等。

Description

一种马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多元酸多元醇胺酯的制备方法,更具体的说涉及一种马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法。 
背景技术
 二聚酸是由两分子的C18不饱和脂肪酸如油酸、亚油酸等,通过Diels-Alder反应所生成的二元酸。它是一种重要的油脂化学品,可作为许多精细化工产品的基本原料。二聚酸酯具有广泛的应用。如二聚酸C2-C8酯是性能良好的绿色润滑剂(摩擦学学报,2005,25(5):403),二聚酸的多元醇酯是合成聚氨酯的主要原料(CN101205292)。二聚酸乙二醇单酯具有良好的减磨效果(润滑与密封,2006,31(9):74),等。 
商品二聚酸是一种混合物,以C36二元酸为主,也含有少量的C54三聚物或更高分子量的多聚物、不同结构(饱和、不饱和或异构化)的单体酸。二聚酸含有两个极性羧基和一个较大的非极性烃基,其化学性质类似于脂肪酸。分子中含有两个羧基,可进行酯化等多种反应;分子中存在较大的烷基且含1~3个双键,可发生加成、聚合等化学反应。 
本发明中先使二聚酸在较高温度下进行异构化生成共轭双键,再与马来酸酐进行Diels-Alder加成,生成的马来酸酐-二聚酸加成物具有四个羧基,然后与三乙醇胺进行酯化反应。三乙醇胺为多元醇,与马来酸酐-二聚酸加成物反应生成类似于聚酯、交联聚酯的低聚物,产物分子中还具有叔胺结构。能够赋予产物良好的润滑性能、防锈性能。可作为润滑剂、防锈剂应用在润滑油和防锈油中,还可用作高分子材料的增强剂、环氧树脂的增韧剂和固化促进剂等。 
发明内容
本发明首先在较高温度下使二聚酸与马来酸酐反应,然后再与三乙醇胺进行酯化得到产品,具体制备方法如下: 
1、将二聚酸加入反应釜中,在氮气保护下搅拌升温至80~120℃。
2、在1中加入一定量的马来酸酐,继续升温至170~220℃,搅拌反应1~4小时。 
3、将2的反应混合物降温至100℃,加入一定量的二甲苯、三乙醇胺,升温至130~170℃,搅拌回流分水1~4小时,至反应所产生的水全部蒸出,停止反应。 
4、减压蒸出二甲苯,降温出料。 
  
本发明提供的马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法具有如下突出优点:
1、反应温度低,反应时间短,产品色泽好,酸值低,产品质量稳定。
2、反应中不需使用催化剂,可简化生产工艺。 
3、生产中所用溶剂可回收使用,有利于降低生产成本。 
4、产品在基础油和极性溶剂中具有一定溶解度,可以根据用户要求配置成一定浓度的溶液。 
5、该产品工业化生产时对设备无特殊要求。 
附图说明
图1是马来酸酐-二聚酸加成物的红外光谱;图2是马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的红外光谱。 
  
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例说明本发明,但本发明并不仅仅限定于这些实施例,实施例中所用二聚酸为工业品,含量75~85%。 
  
实施例1
将100g二聚酸加入反应釜中,装上回流冷凝装置、氮气导管、温度计、搅拌器、加热套,搅拌加热至100℃,加入15g马来酸酐,继续升温至200℃,保持反应2h。降温至100℃,将回流冷凝装置改为回流分水装置,加入120g三乙醇胺,加热至150℃,保持反应2h,至无水分出,再维持0.5h。降温至80℃,装上减压蒸馏装置减压脱水,压力40mmHg,当釜内温度达到110℃时,无明显馏出物时停止蒸馏。降温,出料,得到淡黄色产物228g。经测定酸值5mgKOH/g。
  
实施例2
将80g二聚酸加入反应釜中,装上回流冷凝装置、氮气导管、温度计、搅拌器、加热套,搅拌加热至100℃,加入9.6g马来酸酐,继续升温至200℃,保持反应2h。降温至100℃,将回流冷凝装置改为回流分水装置,加入50ml二甲苯,加入84g三乙醇胺,加热至150℃,保持回流分水时间2h,至无水分出,再维持0.5h。降温至80℃,装上减压蒸馏装置蒸出二甲苯,压力40mmHg,当釜内温度达到110℃时,无明显馏出物时停止蒸馏。降温出料,得到淡黄色产物165g。经测定酸值7mgKOH/g。
  
实施例3
将60g二聚酸加入反应釜中,装上回流冷凝装置、氮气导管、温度计、搅拌器、加热套,搅拌加热至80℃,加入6g马来酸酐,继续升温至190℃,保持反应3h。降温至100℃,将回流冷凝装置改为回流分水装置,加入50ml二甲苯,加入66g三乙醇胺,加热至160℃,保持回流分水时间1.5h,至无水分出,再维持0.5h。降温至80℃,装上减压蒸馏装置蒸出二甲苯,压力40mmHg,当釜内温度达到110℃时,无明显馏出物时停止蒸馏。降温,出料,得到淡黄色产物122g。经测定酸值5mgKOH/g。
实施例4 
将100g二聚酸加入反应釜中,装上回流冷凝装置、氮气导管、温度计、搅拌器、加热套,搅拌加热至90℃,加入8g马来酸酐,继续升温至200℃,保持反应2h。降温至100℃,将回流冷凝装置改为回流分水装置,加入80ml二甲苯,加入95g三乙醇胺,加热至150℃,保持回流分水时间2h,至无水分出,再维持0.5h。降温至80℃,装上减压蒸馏装置蒸出二甲苯,压力40mmHg,当釜内温度达到110℃时,无明显馏出物时停止蒸馏。降温,出料,得到淡黄色产物193g。经测定酸值8mgKOH/g。
  

Claims (9)

1.马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
⑴、将二聚酸加入反应釜中,在氮气保护下搅拌升温至70~120℃,加入二聚酸质量分数8~15%的马来酸酐,继续升温至170~220℃,搅拌反应1~4小时;
⑵、降温至100℃,加入反应物质量分数0~50%的二甲苯,按质量比二聚酸:三乙醇胺 =1:0.8~1.5加入三乙醇胺,升温至130~170℃,搅拌回流分水1~4小时,至反应所产生的水全部蒸出;
⑶、真空蒸出二甲苯,降温出料,得到淡黄色马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法,其特征在于步骤⑴中所用二聚酸为工业品,含量75~85%,所述马来酸酐为工业级别,含量99%。
3. 根据权利要求1所述马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法,其特征在于步骤⑴所述反应温度为170~220℃,反应时间为1~4小时;优选地:反应温度200℃;反应时间2h。
4. 根据权利要求1所述马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法,其特征在于步骤⑴所述马来酸酐的用量为二聚酸质量的8~15%。
5. 根据权利要求1所述马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法,其特征在于步骤⑵中三乙醇胺为工业品,含量99%,所述二聚酸:三乙醇胺质量比为1:0.8~1.5;优选地:1:1.2~1.5。
6. 根据权利要求1所述马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法,其特征在于步骤⑵中所述反应温度为130~170℃,反应时间为1~4小时;优选地:反应温度150~160℃;反应时间3h。
7. 据权利要求1所述马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法,其特征在于步骤⑵所述二甲苯为工业品,加入量为反应物总质量0~50%。
8. 据权利要求1所述马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法,其特征在于步骤⑶中真空蒸馏的压力为10~60mmHg。
9. 由权利要求1~8任一所述的方法制备的马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯,其特征在于马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的酸值为5~15mgKOH/g。
CN201210387247.4A 2012-12-14 2012-12-14 一种马来酸酐二聚酸三乙醇胺酯的制备方法 Pending CN103864631A (zh)

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CN108148564A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-06-12 西南石油大学 一种水基钻井液用聚胺抑制剂及其制备方法
CN113416011A (zh) * 2021-07-31 2021-09-21 山西天润恒德新材料有限公司 一种用于水泥粉磨过程中的矿化料

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108148564A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-06-12 西南石油大学 一种水基钻井液用聚胺抑制剂及其制备方法
CN113416011A (zh) * 2021-07-31 2021-09-21 山西天润恒德新材料有限公司 一种用于水泥粉磨过程中的矿化料

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