CN103855787A - High-power factor type three-phase photovoltaic power generation system and control method thereof - Google Patents
High-power factor type three-phase photovoltaic power generation system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103855787A CN103855787A CN201210520938.7A CN201210520938A CN103855787A CN 103855787 A CN103855787 A CN 103855787A CN 201210520938 A CN201210520938 A CN 201210520938A CN 103855787 A CN103855787 A CN 103855787A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system, in particular to a high-power factor type three-phase photovoltaic power generation system and a control method thereof. The high-power factor type three-phase photovoltaic power generation system comprises a main control portion, an inverter circuit, an electricity-saving alternating-current circuit, a detection circuit, a storage charging and discharging circuit, a storage battery interface, a photovoltaic assembly interface, a load interface and an isolation transformer, wherein all the components can be combined or detached in the function or structure aspect. The method includes the following steps that unstable direct-current electricity generated by a photovoltaic assembly is converted into stable alternating-current electricity through the inverter circuit and active power is provided to a load; the electricity-saving alternating-current circuit detects load side parameters in real time, provides reactive power matched with the load side parameters and can filter harmonic waves generated by the load. By means of the system and the method, power factors of the system can be greatly improved, electricity quality is remarkably optimized, the installed capacity of the photovoltaic assembly can be reduced at the beginning of system scheme design, and system installation cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic generating system, relate in particular to a kind of High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system and control method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern industry, the non-renewable energy resources such as oil, coal, natural gas are day by day rare, and the new forms of energy take solar energy as representative meet the tendency of the day of global low-carbon economy, obtained approval, the attention of countries in the world government and helped.
Photovoltaic generation related industry was developed rapidly in recent years, but even to this day, with respect to using as the conventional power generation systems of the non-renewable energy resources such as coal, oil, photovoltaic generation is still in a disadvantageous position on cost.This just requires scientific worker constantly to explore, and on the one hand, the installing cost of reduction photovoltaic generating system by every means, on the other hand, improves power factor and the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic generating system as much as possible, reduces the wastage.
Now, in electrical load, there is the inductive load take motor as representative quite a lot, when this class loads on work, photovoltaic generating system not only provides active power, a certain amount of reactive power also must be provided simultaneously, because maximum apparent power, the isoparametric restriction of maximum current and maximum voltage, conventional photovoltaic electricity generation system must reduce power factor operation, this situation greatly reduces solar energy and is converted into the efficiency of electric energy, and because of long-play under the state of high-voltage large current, increase the loss of electric energy in transmitting procedure, also reduced the useful life of photovoltaic generating system.
More obviously drawback is: photovoltaic generating system is at the beginning of design; in response to the characteristic of inductive load; add reactive power demand more when electric machinery load starts; designer can become the Capacity design of photovoltaic module than the rated power of load to have more the extremely wattage of several times of half conventionally; undoubtedly, this has significantly improved the installing cost of photovoltaic generating system.
Except above-mentioned drawback, current a large amount of loads all can produce various harmonic waves, and these harmonic waves not only reduce the useful life of system, also make the loss of electric energy significantly increase, and even affect the normal work of some highly sophisticated devices, equipment.
Summary of the invention
High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system of the present invention, can overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, deals with problems from the angle of reactive power compensation and filtering harmonic wave, by reducing the capacity of photovoltaic module, the installing cost of photovoltaic generating system is significantly reduced.
High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system of the present invention comprises main control part, inverter circuit, economize on electricity convertor circuit, testing circuit, photovoltaic module interface, accumulator charging/discharging circuit, storage battery interface, loading interfaces, isolating transformer is optional components, and each part can merge or split in function or structure.Main control part and inverter circuit, economize on electricity convertor circuit, accumulator charging/discharging circuit, testing circuit are electrically connected respectively; The DC side of photovoltaic module interface and inverter circuit is directly electrically connected; Economize on electricity convertor circuit and loading interfaces are directly electrically connected, and the AC of the electric connecting point of the two and inverter circuit is directly electrically connected or is indirectly electrically connected through transformer; Storage battery interface and accumulator charging/discharging circuit are directly electrically connected; Testing circuit and inverter circuit, economize on electricity convertor circuit, photovoltaic module interface, accumulator charging/discharging circuit are electrically connected respectively.
Main control part of the present invention comprises one or more in microprocessor, microcontroller, is responsible for the core missions such as information gathering, analyzing and processing, decision-making output of whole system, is the control core of whole photovoltaic generating system.Wherein the type of microcontroller includes but not limited to single-chip microcomputer, DSP, CPLD, FPGA, PLC.
Inverter circuit is similar with the constituted mode of economize on electricity convertor circuit, and the two constituted mode that can select includes but not limited to: comprise several unsteady flow brachium pontis or integrated power modules.For the situation that comprises unsteady flow brachium pontis, each brachium pontis is in series by multiple full control switching devices, fly-wheel diode of each full control switching device inverse parallel, " entirely controlling switching device " during the present invention describes refers to control the electronic power switch device of opening and can control shutoff, and type includes but not limited to transistor, IGBT, MOSFET, IGCT, IEGT, GTO, SET.For the situation that comprises integrated power module, the type of integrated power module includes but not limited to IPM power model.
Testing circuit of the present invention includes but not limited to: voltage sensor and the current sensor of the voltage sensor of inverter circuit AC and current sensor, inverter circuit DC side.
The level number of topological structure that inverter circuit and economize on electricity convertor circuit adopt is 2 or is greater than 2 odd number, the type that is wherein greater than the topological structure of 2 odd number level includes but not limited to unit cascaded type, striding capacitance type, diode clamping type, and the full control switching device here includes but not limited to transistor, IGBT, MOSFET, IGCT, IEGT, GTO, SET.
Inverter circuit, economize on electricity convertor circuit the two adopt separately which kind of topological structure, select how many level numbers uncorrelated mutually.The topological structure that is the two employing can be identical, also can be different; The level number of the two topological structure of selecting can be identical, also can be different.
The present invention can increase the function of reactive power compensation on the basis of conventional photovoltaic electricity generation system function, employing control method is as follows: the instantaneous value that obtains in real time load side voltage, electric current by testing circuit, the active power and the reactive power that can be calculated by analysis load real-time requirement, realize by control: inverter circuit provides the active power of loading demand; Economize on electricity convertor circuit provides the reactive power of loading demand.
The present invention also can increase the function of active power filtering on the basis of conventional photovoltaic electricity generation system function, employing control method is as follows: the instantaneous value that obtains in real time load-side electric current by testing circuit, can be calculated by analysis the parameters such as frequency, amplitude and the phase place of each harmonic contained in load current, send with each primary current harmonic frequency, amplitude and equate but the inhibition ripple of single spin-echo by the control convertor circuit that makes to economize on electricity, suppress ripple and harmonic wave and offset, thereby realized the filtering to harmonic wave.
The present invention also can increase the function of reactive power compensation and active power filtering on the basis of conventional photovoltaic electricity generation system function simultaneously, employing control method is as follows: the instantaneous value that obtains in real time load side voltage, electric current by testing circuit, can be calculated by analysis content and the characterisitic parameter thereof of each harmonic in active power, reactive power and the load current of load real-time requirement, realize by control: inverter circuit provides the active power of loading demand; Economize on electricity convertor circuit sends reactive power and equates with each primary current harmonic frequency, amplitude but each time of single spin-echo inhibition ripple so just realized the compensation of reactive power and the filtering of harmonic wave simultaneously to load.
With respect to conventional photovoltaic electricity generation system, advantage of the present invention includes but not limited to following aspect:
First, an obvious advantage is: photovoltaic generating system of the present invention is down to close to limiting value the design capacity of photovoltaic module, only need be slightly larger than the rated power of load.For the same load with perceptual weight, in the traditional design scheme of current extensive use, the design capacity of photovoltaic module is generally 1.5 times to 3 times of present design, and the higher application scenario of indivedual reactive power demands even reaches more than 3 times.The reason that the present invention has above-mentioned advantage is: when electric machinery load starts, more reactive power demand is provided by economize on electricity convertor circuit of the present invention, rather than is provided by photovoltaic module, and this has significantly reduced the installing cost of photovoltaic generating system.
Secondly, in During Process of Long-term Operation, the inductive load that is representative for asynchronous motor in electrical load, photovoltaic generating system of the present invention not only provides active power, also can send and the reactive power of loading and mating simultaneously, significantly improve power factor, and reduced the loss of electric energy in transmitting procedure, also indirectly extended the useful life of photovoltaic generating system.
Again, in present a large amount of load currents, all contain various harmonic waves, these harmonic waves of photovoltaic generating system of the present invention filtering in real time, have not only extended the useful life of system, also make the loss of electric energy significantly reduce, neighbouring highly sophisticated device, equipment also can normally be worked.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the primary side electrical structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is control and the testing circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the main control part circuit theory diagrams of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the inverter circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the economize on electricity convertor circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples belong to the one in concrete form of the present invention, and the object providing is more detailed description the present invention, rather than limits the scope of the invention, and neither limit application form of the present invention.
The present embodiment is as shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 5.
The present embodiment comprises main control part, inverter circuit, economize on electricity convertor circuit, testing circuit, photovoltaic module interface, accumulator charging/discharging circuit, storage battery interface, loading interfaces, and wherein main control part and inverter circuit, economize on electricity convertor circuit, accumulator charging/discharging circuit, testing circuit are electrically connected respectively; Testing circuit and inverter circuit, economize on electricity convertor circuit, accumulator charging/discharging circuit are electrically connected respectively; The DC side electrical connection of accumulator charging/discharging circuit and inverter circuit; Economize on electricity convertor circuit, inverter circuit and loading interfaces are directly electrically connected at AC; Storage battery interface and accumulator charging/discharging circuit electrical connection.The primary side electrical structure schematic diagram of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1.
The testing circuit of the present embodiment includes but not limited to:
1. the voltage sensor of inverter circuit AC;
2. the current sensor of inverter circuit AC;
3. the voltage sensor of inverter circuit DC side;
4. the current sensor of inverter circuit DC side.
As shown in Figure 3, U1 is microcontroller to the main control part circuit theory diagrams of the present embodiment, the operation of system is accurately controlled, and sensing data is carried out to real-time analysis decision-making; U17 is the crystal oscillator that accurate clock is provided for microcontroller; U11 is the memory for storing data; Main control part carries out information exchange with external function module respectively by ports such as J11, J12, J13, J15, J20, J21, J31, J32, wherein J11 is switching value input port, the switching value information such as the overvoltage protection that sends including but not limited to system, under-voltage protection, overcurrent protection, overheat protector, overload; J12 is switching value output interface, and the switching value control information of main control part is sent through this port; J13 is serial communication interface; J15 is microcontroller programming interface; J21 is the data/address bus interface for parallel communications; J31 is SPI communication interface; J32 is SCI communication interface; Microcontroller accurately calculates real-time pulse width information, and through J20 interface output pwm pulse.
The inverter circuit schematic diagram of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 4, this inverter circuit adopts the topological structure of three-phase two level, contain three identical unsteady flow brachium pontis of structure, each unsteady flow brachium pontis is in series by two groups of IGBT that are parallel with fly-wheel diode, and inverter circuit DC side parallel has Support Capacitor Cd1.
The present embodiment economize on electricity convertor circuit schematic diagram as shown in Figure 5, this energy-conservation convertor circuit adopts the topological structure of three-phase tri-level, contain three identical brachium pontis of structure, each brachium pontis is in series by four groups of IGBT that are parallel with fly-wheel diode, two IGBT in the middle of brachium pontis are in parallel with a clamped circuit, and this clamped circuit is in series by two diodes.The electric connecting member short circuit of two series capacitances of the electric connecting member in the clamped circuit of each brachium pontis between two series diodes and inverter circuit DC side (Cd21 and Cd22), this energy-conservation convertor circuit AC is in series with reactance Ls.
The present embodiment has the function of reactive power compensation and active power filtering simultaneously, adopt concrete control method as follows: testing circuit obtains the instantaneous value of load side voltage, electric current in real time, send to main control part, main control part is analyzed content and the characterisitic parameter thereof of each harmonic in active power, reactive power and the load current that can obtain load real-time requirement as calculated, carries out following concrete control strategy:
1. inverter circuit provides the active power of loading demand;
2. economize on electricity convertor circuit sends the reactive power matching to load;
3. economize on electricity convertor circuit sends with the each primary current harmonic frequency, the amplitude that detect and equates but the inhibition ripple of single spin-echo to load.
Like this, the present embodiment has just been realized the compensation of reactive power and the filtering of harmonic wave simultaneously, has both realized the obvious raising of capacity usage ratio, allows again loss significantly reduce, and the pollution of harmonic wave is suppressed at all, has also extended the useful life of system.
More significant advantage is: because can not rely on solar energy to provide reactive power to load, in system, the installing capacity of photovoltaic module only need, a little more than the rated power of load, close to theoretical minimum value, significantly reduce photovoltaic generating system installing cost.
The present invention has higher promotional value at new forms of energy and energy-saving and emission-reduction field.
Claims (10)
1. a High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system, it is characterized in that comprising main control part, economize on electricity convertor circuit, inverter circuit, testing circuit, photovoltaic module interface, loading interfaces, wherein main control part is electrically connected respectively with economize on electricity convertor circuit, inverter circuit, testing circuit; The DC side of photovoltaic module interface and inverter circuit is directly electrically connected; Economize on electricity convertor circuit and loading interfaces are directly electrically connected, and the AC of the electric connecting point of the two and inverter circuit is directly electrically connected or is indirectly electrically connected through transformer, and each part can merge or split in function or structure.
2. High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that main control part comprises one or more in microprocessor, microcontroller, wherein the type of microcontroller includes but not limited to single-chip microcomputer, DSP, CPLD, FPGA, PLC.
3. High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that inverter circuit, the two constituted mode that can select of economize on electricity convertor circuit includes but not limited to: comprise several unsteady flow brachium pontis or integrated power modules, for the situation that comprises unsteady flow brachium pontis, each brachium pontis is in series by multiple full control switching devices, fly-wheel diode of each full control switching device inverse parallel, " entirely controlling switching device " during the present invention describes refers to control the electronic power switch device of opening and can control shutoff, type includes but not limited to transistor, IGBT, MOSFET, IGCT, IEGT, GTO, SET, for the situation that comprises integrated power module, the type of integrated power module includes but not limited to IPM power model.
4. High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that comprising accumulator charging/discharging circuit, storage battery interface, inverter circuit DC side and accumulator charging/discharging circuit are directly electrically connected, and accumulator charging/discharging circuit and storage battery interface, main control part are electrically connected respectively.
5. High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system according to claim 4, is characterized in that testing circuit includes but not limited to: voltage sensor and the current sensor of the voltage sensor of inverter circuit AC and current sensor, inverter circuit DC side.
6. High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the level number of topological structure that inverter circuit and economize on electricity convertor circuit adopt is 2 or is greater than 2 odd number, the type that is wherein greater than the topological structure of 2 odd number level includes but not limited to unit cascaded type, striding capacitance type, diode clamping type, which kind of topological structure inverter circuit and economize on electricity convertor circuit the two adopt separately, select how many level numbers uncorrelated mutually, the full control switching device here includes but not limited to transistor, IGBT, MOSFET, IGCT, IEGT, GTO, SET.
According to claim 1 to High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that comprising no-power compensation function, the control method adopting is: the instantaneous value that obtains in real time load side voltage, electric current by testing circuit, the active power and the reactive power that can be calculated by analysis load real-time requirement, realize by control: inverter circuit provides the active power of loading demand; Economize on electricity convertor circuit provides the reactive power of loading demand.
According to claim 1 to High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that comprising active filter function, the control method adopting is: the instantaneous value that obtains in real time load side voltage, electric current by testing circuit, can be calculated by analysis the parameters such as frequency, amplitude and the phase place of each harmonic contained in load current, by control make to economize on electricity convertor circuit send equate with each primary current harmonic frequency, amplitude but single spin-echo suppress ripple each time, these suppress ripple and harmonic wave offsets, thereby have realized the filtering to harmonic wave.
According to claim 1 to High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that having the function of reactive power compensation and active power filtering simultaneously, the control method adopting is: the instantaneous value that obtains in real time load side voltage, electric current by testing circuit, can be calculated by analysis content and the characterisitic parameter thereof of each harmonic in active power, reactive power and the load current of load real-time requirement, realize by control: inverter circuit provides the active power of loading demand; Economize on electricity convertor circuit sends reactive power and equates but the inhibition ripple of single spin-echo with each primary current harmonic frequency, amplitude to load, has so just realized the compensation of reactive power and the filtering of harmonic wave simultaneously.
According to claim 1 to High Power Factor type three-phase photovoltaic generating system claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that comprising isolating transformer, the position of isolating transformer includes but not limited between inverter circuit AC and loading interfaces.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108199384A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-22 | 中盛新能源科技南京有限公司 | A kind of power factor compensation system of photovoltaic power station and its compensation method |
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| CN101697418A (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2010-04-21 | 湖南大学 | Photovoltaic inversion grid-connection and harmonic suppression hybrid system for micro grid and composite control method thereof |
| CN102709943A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Single-stage photovoltaic grid-connected power generation control method with harmonic wave treatment and reactive compensation |
| CN102891502A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-01-23 | 李木 | Energy-saving type three-phase photovoltaic power generation system and control method thereof |
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| CN101697418A (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2010-04-21 | 湖南大学 | Photovoltaic inversion grid-connection and harmonic suppression hybrid system for micro grid and composite control method thereof |
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| CN108199384A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-22 | 中盛新能源科技南京有限公司 | A kind of power factor compensation system of photovoltaic power station and its compensation method |
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Application publication date: 20140611 |