CN1038542A - Permanent Magnets for Low Temperature Systems - Google Patents
Permanent Magnets for Low Temperature Systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN1038542A CN1038542A CN 88103566 CN88103566A CN1038542A CN 1038542 A CN1038542 A CN 1038542A CN 88103566 CN88103566 CN 88103566 CN 88103566 A CN88103566 A CN 88103566A CN 1038542 A CN1038542 A CN 1038542A
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- temperature coefficient
- rare earth
- alloy
- permanent magnets
- permanent magnet
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005308 ferrimagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 has promoted R ' (Co Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及永磁材料领域，是一类温度系数低、磁性能高、成本低、原料丰富的新型永磁体，其成份范围(at％)为：R5～20％，R′0.1～10％，Co5～35％，B1～15％，Cu0.01～10％M＜10％，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。该永磁体居里温度。高于500℃，最大磁能积大于25MGOe，温度系数低于-0.02％/C，可取代SmCo、AlNiCo永磁体，并在NdFeB永磁体由于温度特性差而不能应用的高温度稳定性、高性能领域得以应用。The invention relates to the field of permanent magnet materials, and is a new type of permanent magnet with low temperature coefficient, high magnetic performance, low cost and abundant raw materials. The composition range (at%) is: R5-20%, R'0.1-10%, Co5-35%, B1-15%, Cu0.01-10%, M<10%, and the rest are Fe and unavoidable impurities. The Curie temperature of the permanent magnet. Higher than 500°C, the maximum magnetic energy product is greater than 25MGOe, and the temperature coefficient is lower than -0.02%/C, which can replace SmCo and AlNiCo permanent magnets, and can be used in high temperature stability and high performance fields where NdFeB permanent magnets cannot be applied due to poor temperature characteristics be applied.
Description
The invention belongs to the permanent magnetic material field, relate to a kind of permanent magnet of novel, low-temperature coefficient, particularly about the transition elements based permanent magnet.
In recent years, normally used high-temperature stability permanent magnetic material mainly is the RCo in alnico alloy and the rare-earths-cobalt, type (R is rare earth elements such as Sm, Ce), R
2(Co, Cu, Fe, M)
17Type (M is metallic elements such as Ti, Zr, Hf), its open circuit magnetic strength temperature coefficient less than-0.04%/℃, but the maximum magnetic energy product of alnico generally is lower than 12MGOe, the maximum magnetic energy product of rare earth cobalt alloy is difficult to be higher than 30MGOe; And Sm, Co raw material are poor to be lacked, and the price of Al, Ni, Sm, Co was jumped and risen recent years, so its unit magnetic energy cost is very high.
The NdFeB permanent magnet of invention in 83 years, its main magnetic is R mutually
2Fe
14Type B four directions phase, the laboratory magnetic energy product can reach 50MGOe, only 310 ℃ of Curie points, temperature coefficient up to 0.126%/℃, and serviceability temperature is lower than 100 ℃, is difficult to precision instrumentation and magneto (for example Chinese patent application CN85101455A).Though later on the temperature coefficient of magnet improves to some extent, magnetic energy product is 25～35MGOe, the magnetic strength temperature coefficient still has-0.05%/℃, and cost amplification is bigger.
At the beginning of the end of the year to 86 85, a day disclosure is speciallyyed permit clear 60-244003, clear 61-10209 and is successively disclosed with RFe, for the temperature coefficient of principal phase be-0.03%/℃, magnetic energy product is the low-temperature coefficient NdFe alloy about 30MGOe, its B content＜2%.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, obtain the big and rare earth iron Co-Mo permanent magnet with low cost of a kind of new type low temperature degree coefficient, serviceability temperature height, magnetic energy product.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved in that the present invention improves on the composition basis of the conventional NdFeBCo permanent-magnet alloy of CN85101455A, adds Cu or Cu and other alloying element, promotes 1-5 type magnetic to compare multiform, makes R
2Fe
14The Type B four directions exists when identical with the 1-5 type mutually, containing heavy rare earth element more after a little while, when particularly adding the M element, it has positive magnetic strength temperature coefficient, the magnetic property of alloy still very high (being not less than 25MGOe), but the magnetic strength temperature coefficient can drop to-0.02% very soon/℃ below.
Key of the present invention is: the composition scope of this permanent magnet is (atomic percent): 5～20% R, R is the interpolation general name (containing a kind of light rare earth at least) of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, six light rare earth element of Pm, 0.1～10% R ', R ' is the interpolation general name (containing a kind of heavy rare earth at least) of Gd, Dy, Y, Eu, Ho, Tb, Er, Tm, Yb, ten heavy rare earth elements of Lu, 5～35% Co, 1～15% B, 0.01～10% Cu, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
As extending of aforementioned composition, another viewpoint of the present invention is, further add the M element, the composition scope of alloy is (atomic percent): 5～20% R, R is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, the interpolation general name of six light rare earth element of Pm (containing a kind of light rare earth at least), 0.1～10% R ', R ' is Gd, Dy, Y, Eu, Ho, Tb, Er, Tm, yb, the interpolation general name of ten heavy rare earth elements of Lu (containing a kind of heavy rare earth at least), 5～35% Co, 1～15% B, 0.01～10% Cu, M less than 10%, M are Nb, Al, Ge, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ga, Ta, W, Mo, the interpolation general name of Sb (containing a kind of at least).
The main magnetic of permanent magnet of the present invention is by R
2Fe
14Type B four directions phase and R ' (Co, Cu)
5Type constitutes mutually jointly.Found in the past in containing heavy rare earth element NdFeCoB alloy for a long time, R ' Co to occur
5The type phase, because the heavy rare earth element price is very expensive, thereby cost increases a lot, simultaneously, ferrimagnetism coupling between heavy rare earth element and transition elements Fe, the Co makes alloy have positive temperature coefficient, but causes the rapid reduction of the alloy magnetization, Co inserts the soft magnetism phase Nd(Fe that grows nonparasitically upon another plant, Co)
2Cause the coercitive obvious deterioration of alloy, so the magnetic property of alloy is very low, at this moment, though because R ' Co
5Have positive temperature coefficient mutually and can certain compensation be arranged, but this compensation has not had practical value the mutually high negative temperature coefficient in four directions.
The present invention causes alloy containing heavy rare earth element more after a little while owing to added the Cu element in alloy, has promoted R ' (Co, Cu)
5The more formation of phase, R ' (Co, Cu)
5Has positive temperature coefficient mutually, compensation effect to the alloy temperature coefficient is more obvious, simultaneously, because the 1-5 type is when increasing mutually, this moment, to contain R ' in mutually less in the four directions, the four directions keeps very high magnetic energy mutually, like this, temperature coefficient is decided by the compensation of 1-5 type phase in alloy, and magnetic property is decided mutually by the four directions that accounts for the volume overwhelming majority again, when containing the M element especially in alloy, the M element has suppressed Nd(Fe, Co)
2The formation of soft magnetism phase causes alloy to have the excellent magnetism energy having under high-curie temperature, low-temperature coefficient, low cost, the high serviceability temperature condition.
R ' and Co element are the essential elementss that makes the alloy magnetic property produce temperature-compensating, have excellent temperature stability.The effect of Cu element is to promote R ' and Co element R ' formed more (Co, Cu)
5The type phase reduces at R
2Fe
14The middle mutually R ' content in Type B four directions, thus in the maintenance good temperature characteristics, improve the magnetic property of alloy, and reduce cost.The M element is the effective element that improves the alloy coercive force, improves the alloy serviceability temperature.
The common production technology of low-temperature coefficient permanent magnet of the present invention is: alloy composition is prepared burden on request, melt becomes alloy pig in consumable, non-consumable arc furnace or induction furnace, alloy pig is carried out fragmentation with jaw crusher, pulverizer for laboratory test, ball mill or air-flow grinding machine, particle size should be at 1～20 μ m, the gained powder carries out directed compression moulding in＞15KOe magnetic field, formed body is sintering in vacuum or inert atmosphere, sintering temperature is at 900～1200 ℃, and the cooling rate with 0.5～1000 ℃/min behind the sintering is chilled to room temperature.
Determine whether the needs temper according to different components behind the sintering, treatment temperature is 400～1000 ℃ of scopes.
The form of permanent magnet of the present invention can have following a few class:
Except sintered magnet with the directed compacting of powder metallurgic method, also have the alloy pulverizing back with organic binder cemented binding magnet, the alloy binding magnet that hot compression forms behind fast quenching, the sintering or the binding magnet that utilize CaO to make by reduction-diffusion process as reducing agent, wherein ideal with the magnetic property of sintered magnet.
Can obtain a kind of novel permanent magnetic body according to the present invention, its Curie temperature is higher than 500 ℃, and maximum magnetic energy product is greater than 25MGOe, and temperature coefficient is lower than-0.02%/℃ (vibrating specimen magnetometer measurement).
The present invention is owing to only used a spot of heavy rare earth element, the MGOe of its unit cost is far below SmCo and AlNiCo permanent magnet, temperature characterisitic and SmCo, AlNiCo are suitable, magnetic property is apparently higher than SmCo, AlNiCo permanent magnet, very possible AlNiCo, the SmCo permanent magnet of replacing is suitable for requirement high-performance, low-temperature coefficient, wide spectrum cheaply.
Below in conjunction with the effect comparison of the present invention and prior art, embodiments of the invention are described.
Alloy composition of the present invention (atomic percent) is listed in table 1, and with intermediate frequency furnace or arc melting, being crushed to granularity through ball mill is 2～10 μ m, these powder under 15KOe magnetic field, with 2 tons/Cm
2The directed press forming of pressure, again in vacuum degree＞10
-4Carry out vacuum-sintering 0.5h under the mm Hg condition, 1095 ℃ of sintering temperatures, the cooling rate by 50 ℃/min behind the sintering is chilled to room temperature.Then through 600 ℃ * 1h temper.The performance comparison of gained magnet and CN85101455A is listed in table 1.
Table 1
Claims (5)
1, a kind of permanent magnet of low-temperature coefficient, be by required composition batching, smelt into alloy pig with arc furnace or induction furnace, again this alloy pig is ground into the powder of certain particle size, with powder directed compression moulding in the magnetic field of＞15KOe, formed body is sintering in vacuum or inert atmosphere, then with certain speed cooling, and carry out different heat treatment according to different components, it is characterized in that: described alloy composition is (pressing atomic percent): R5～20%, R is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, the interpolation general name of six light rare earth element of Pm (containing a kind of light rare earth at least), R ' 0.1～10%, R
1Be the interpolation general name (containing a kind of heavy rare earth at least) of Gd, Dy, Y, Eu, Ho, Tb, Er, Tm, Yb, ten heavy rare earth elements of Lu, Co5～35%, B1～15%, Cu0.01～10%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2, low-temperature coefficient permanent magnet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alloy composition is (pressing atomic percent): R5～20%, R ' 0.1～10%, Co5～35%, B1～15%, Cu0.01～10%, M＜10%, M are the interpolation general name (containing a kind of at least) of Nb, Al, Ge, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ga, Ta, W, Mo, Sb.
3, according to claim 1,2 described low-temperature coefficient permanent magnets, it is characterized in that: described sintering range is 900～1200 ℃, is chilled to room temperature with 0.5～1000 ℃/min speed behind the sintering.
4, according to claim 1,2 described low-temperature coefficient permanent magnets, it is characterized in that: when containing Nb in the M element, be optimal selection of the present invention.
5, according to claim 1,2 described low-temperature coefficient permanent magnets, it is characterized in that: the granularity of described alloy powder is 1～20 μ m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88103566 CN1038542A (en) | 1988-06-18 | 1988-06-18 | Permanent Magnets for Low Temperature Systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88103566 CN1038542A (en) | 1988-06-18 | 1988-06-18 | Permanent Magnets for Low Temperature Systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1038542A true CN1038542A (en) | 1990-01-03 |
Family
ID=4832659
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88103566 Pending CN1038542A (en) | 1988-06-18 | 1988-06-18 | Permanent Magnets for Low Temperature Systems |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1038542A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100480412C (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-04-22 | 钢铁研究总院 | Quick setting belt of single-texture magnetic RE-Fe-B compound and preparation process thereof |
| CN101154489B (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2010-09-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | Impact-resistant iron-based rare earth permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
| CN101707113B (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-08-03 | 宁波盛事达磁业有限公司 | Instrument composite magnet with magnetic temperature compensation |
| CN104759628A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-07-08 | 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 | Method for preparing heat-resistance sintering NdFeB permanent magnet material |
| CN104931416A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-23 | 安徽禄讯电子科技有限公司 | High-luminous-intensity light source microscope, image discriminant analysis device and application of image discriminant analysis device |
| CN110483031A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-22 | 南通成泰磁材科技有限公司 | Permanent-magnet ferrite magnetic material resistant to high temperature and preparation method thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-06-18 CN CN 88103566 patent/CN1038542A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100480412C (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-04-22 | 钢铁研究总院 | Quick setting belt of single-texture magnetic RE-Fe-B compound and preparation process thereof |
| CN101154489B (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2010-09-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | Impact-resistant iron-based rare earth permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
| CN101707113B (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-08-03 | 宁波盛事达磁业有限公司 | Instrument composite magnet with magnetic temperature compensation |
| CN104759628A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-07-08 | 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 | Method for preparing heat-resistance sintering NdFeB permanent magnet material |
| CN104931416A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-23 | 安徽禄讯电子科技有限公司 | High-luminous-intensity light source microscope, image discriminant analysis device and application of image discriminant analysis device |
| CN110483031A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-22 | 南通成泰磁材科技有限公司 | Permanent-magnet ferrite magnetic material resistant to high temperature and preparation method thereof |
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