CN103852724A - Assessment method for low-temperature performance of cells - Google Patents

Assessment method for low-temperature performance of cells Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103852724A
CN103852724A CN201210500600.5A CN201210500600A CN103852724A CN 103852724 A CN103852724 A CN 103852724A CN 201210500600 A CN201210500600 A CN 201210500600A CN 103852724 A CN103852724 A CN 103852724A
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battery
changing value
voltage changing
total voltage
cells
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姚经文
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Beiqi Foton Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention proposes an assessment method for the low-temperature performance of cells. The method includes the following steps: obtaining a plurality of voltage curves of a plurality of cells under a low-temperature environment; calculating respectively a first voltage change value in an instant recovery segment in a voltage curve of each cell and a second voltage change value in a slow recovery segment and according to the first voltage change value and the second voltage change value, calculating a total voltage change value of each cell; obtaining a sorting standard value according to the total voltage change values, obtained through calculation, of the plurality of cells; and comparing the total voltage change value of each cell with the sorting standard value and if the total voltage change values of the cells are smaller than the sorting standard value, judging the cells to be qualified. The assessment method for the low-temperature performance of the cells is capable of assessing the charging and discharging performance of the cells in a low-temperature environment more accurately and directly and the cells are consistent in charging and discharging performance under a low-temperature environment; and the method is low in cost, simple and rapid to operate and applicable to large-scale production application and has a significant production practical meaning.

Description

A kind of battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery detecting technical field, particularly a kind of battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is because of advantages such as its energy density are high, quality is light, volume is little, operating temperature range is wide, be widely used in portable type electronic product, communication apparatus, automation instrument and electric tool, particularly on electric bicycle and electric automobile, also obtain successful Application, also had temptation for military fields such as space flight, aviation, Field Operationals.
But, in electric automobile and military domain, because environment for use is harsher, often need battery even under lower temperature, to work at-20 DEG C, as carried out the low temperature of planet land device, planet roaming device needs-40 DEG C of space tasks in space industry, planet intrusion device requires battery to work under the environment temperature lower than-60 DEG C, and at the cold district such as northeast, northwest of Canada, Russia, Northern European countries and China, Prospect of EVS Powered with Batteries also requires to work under lower than-20 DEG C of low temperature.
Being mainly to combine to obtain high-energy by battery is carried out to connection in series-parallel at present, and how ensureing that the consistance of each cell in electric battery is the key that ensures battery performance, is also the bottleneck of current lithium ion battery in various fields successful Application.At present, be mainly to screen combo according to the internal resistance of battery, voltage difference and capacity difference, and be all for the cell evaluation under conventional applied environment, and consistance cannot ensure well that battery uses under low temperature environment time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention one of is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent or at least provides a kind of useful business to select.For this reason, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure, the method can be evaluated the low temperature charge-discharge performance of lithium ion battery efficiently and accurately, provides support and ensures for lithium ion battery has good consistance under low temperature environment.
To achieve these goals, comprise the following steps according to the battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure of the embodiment of the present invention: obtain many voltage curves of multiple batteries under low temperature environment; Calculate respectively the first voltage change of the momentary recovery section in the voltage curve of each described battery and slowly recover the second voltage changing value of section, and calculate the total voltage changing value of described battery according to described the first voltage change and described second voltage changing value; Obtain sorting standard value according to the total voltage changing value of the described multiple batteries that calculate; The described total voltage changing value of each described battery and described sorting standard value are compared, if the described total voltage changing value of described battery is less than described sorting standard value, judge that described battery is qualified.
Can more accurately, directly evaluate the charge-discharge performance of battery under low temperature environment according to the battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure of the embodiment of the present invention, there is the consistance of charge-discharge performance under low temperature environment, and with low cost, simple to operate, quick, be applicable to large-scale production application, be of great practical significance.
In one embodiment of the invention, described many voltage curves of multiple batteries under low temperature environment that obtain, described multiple batteries are carried out to constant-current discharge-shelve test, and detect the described voltage curve that each described battery is corresponding, wherein, the original state of each described battery is for being full of electricity condition.
In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature range of described low temperature environment is 10 DEG C to-50 DEG C;
In one embodiment of the invention, the formula that calculates described total voltage changing value is:
△V=k△V1+(1-k)△V2,
Wherein, △ V is described total voltage changing value, and △ V1 is described the first voltage change, and △ V2 is described second voltage changing value, and k is weighting coefficient;
In one embodiment of the invention, the span of described weighting coefficient k is 0.5 to 0.9;
In one embodiment of the invention, the total voltage changing value of described multiple batteries that described basis calculates obtains sorting standard value, add up the densely distributed district of the total voltage changing value of described multiple batteries, and the upper limit of multiple described total voltage changing value in described densely distributed district is set to described sorting standard value;
In one embodiment of the invention, described battery is lithium ion battery.
Brief description of the drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage accompanying drawing below combination is understood becoming the description of embodiment obviously and easily, wherein:
Fig. 1 is according to the process flow diagram of the battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure of the embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 2 carries out in constant-current discharge-shelve process cell voltage time dependent voltage curve to lithium ion battery according to the embodiment of the present invention under low temperature environment.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.On the contrary, embodiments of the invention comprise all changes, amendment and the equivalent within the scope of spirit and the intension that falls into additional claims.
In description of the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " first ", " second " etc. are only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance.In description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " is connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, and can be also to removably connect, or connects integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, can be also electrical connection; Can be to be directly connected, also can indirectly be connected by intermediary.For the ordinary skill in the art, can concrete condition understand above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.In addition,, in description of the invention, except as otherwise noted, the implication of " multiple " is two or more.
The battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure to the embodiment of the present invention below with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 1, the battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps:
Step S101, obtains many voltage curves of multiple batteries under low temperature environment.
Particularly, the original state of multiple batteries can be for being full of electricity condition, is then full of electric battery and under low temperature environment, carries out constant-current discharge-shelve test above-mentioned.In other words, multiple battery constant current discharges, to certain voltage, then are shelved to default duration, detect the voltage of each battery simultaneously, and then obtain corresponding voltage curve, i.e. voltage-time curve.Wherein, battery can be lithium ion battery.
In an example of the present invention, the temperature range of low temperature environment can be 10 DEG C to-50 DEG C.Be understandable that, the temperature range of above-mentioned low temperature environment is only the object in example, instead of in order to limit the present invention.All right corresponding other temperature ranges of low temperature environment, do not repeat them here.
It should be noted that, the factor that affects lithium ion battery cryogenic property mainly comprises: the specific inductive capacity of electrolytic solution and viscosity, the lithium ion coefficient of diffusion of both positive and negative polarity inside, both positive and negative polarity surface area, thickness and porosity, the charge-transfer resistance of both positive and negative polarity and electrolyte interface, the porosity of barrier film and wetting state, and the compatibility of cementing agent to electrolytic solution etc.These factors all can embody to some extent by the internal resistance of lithium ion battery above.Particularly, experiment shows to increase when the internal resistance of lithium ion battery, and the charge-discharge performance under its low temperature environment will reduce; Temperature is lower, and the internal resistance difference between battery is larger.Thereby the internal resistance of cell can provide the foundation that judges lithium ion battery low temperature charge-discharge performance, and then, embody the interim voltage of the battery of internal resistance by measurement, can obtain the foundation to the judgement of battery low temperature charge-discharge performance.And the internal resistance of battery comprises ohmic internal resistance and polarization resistance two parts, these two parts are the voltage curve of corresponding different phase respectively.
Fig. 2 shows the voltage curve under the low temperature environment obtaining in this step, and wherein, horizontal ordinate is the time, and unit is second (s), and ordinate is magnitude of voltage, and unit is volt (V).In an embodiment of the present invention, the original state of each battery is for being full of electricity condition.As can be seen from the figure, from A point to B point, voltage increases in time and declines gradually, and this stage is corresponding to the constant current discharge process of battery.From B point to C point, the time is identical, and voltage sharply gos up, and is called momentary recovery section, and this section of voltage is the voltage of sharing on inside battery ohmic internal resistance, and discharge current disappears, also pop-off of the voltage difference of bearing on ohmic internal resistance.From C point to D point, voltage increases and rising in time, is called slow recovery section, and this section of voltage can be regarded the voltage of sharing on inside battery polarization resistance as, slowly carries out gradually because of the elimination of polarization, and corresponding voltage is also the rising stage.BC stage and CD stage are all corresponding to the process of shelving.After D point, voltage increases in time and grows steadily, corresponding to constant-current charge process.
Step S102, calculates respectively the first voltage change of the momentary recovery section in the voltage curve of each battery and slowly recovers the second voltage changing value of section, and calculates the total voltage changing value of battery according to the first voltage change and second voltage changing value.
According to the voltage curve obtaining in step S101, can calculate respectively the first voltage change △ V1 that obtains momentary recovery section (BC section), and subsequently slow recover section (CD section) second voltage changing value △ V2, above-mentioned △ V2 can regard the voltage swing of sharing in polarization resistance as.For certain discharge current, △ V2 more polarization resistance is larger.
Then, the contribution of the variation to the internal resistance of cell under low temperature environment according to Ohmage and polarization resistance, calculates total voltage changing value △ V.Wherein, the contribution of Ohmage and the polarization resistance variation to the internal resistance of cell under low temperature environment can embody by the weighting coefficient k arranging.Wherein, the span of weighting coefficient k is 0.5 to 0.9.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the computing formula of total voltage changing value is:
△V=k△V1+(1-k)△V2 (1)
Below with reference to table 1, taking 10 batteries as example, the process of this step being obtained to the total voltage changing value of each battery is described.
As shown in table 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, will be numbered respectively 1,2,3 ... 10 10 are full of electric lithium ion battery and at low temperature-20 DEG C, carry out constant-current discharge-shelve test.Wherein, above-mentioned 10 lithium ion batteries can be NCM(Nickel Cobalt Manganese, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material) battery, rated capacity is 6.5Ah.Allow 10 batteries carry out constant current discharge to 2.75V, then shelve 5 minutes, detect cell voltage simultaneously, obtain corresponding voltage-time curve.Measure the first voltage change △ V1 of momentary recovery section (BC section) and the second voltage changing value △ V2 of slowly recovery section (CD section) of these 10 cell voltages, getting k is 0.8, calculate respectively the total voltage changing value △ V of 10 batteries according to formula (1), obtain each stage voltage changing value of each battery shown in table 1.
Figure BDA00002494308200061
Table 1
Step S103, obtains sorting standard value according to the total voltage changing value of the multiple batteries that calculate.Add up the densely distributed district of the total voltage changing value of multiple batteries, and the upper limit of multiple total voltage changing values in densely distributed district is set to sorting standard value.
In an embodiment of the present invention, determine the sorting standard value of each battery.Particularly, first add up the densely distributed district of the total voltage changing value of multiple batteries, and the upper limit of multiple total voltage changing values in densely distributed district is set to sorting standard value.
As shown in table 1, in 10 batteries, total voltage changing value (△ V) is 327.6mV to the maximum, and minimum is 288.8mV, and dense distribution, between 292~306mV, is standard value upper limit value therefore can choose 306mV.
It should be noted that, sorting standard value choose the higher limit that is not limited to dense distribution district, can also select the centre value on the low side of the total voltage changing value of each battery.
Step S104, compares the total voltage changing value of each battery and sorting standard value, if the total voltage changing value of battery is less than sorting standard value, judges that battery is qualified, otherwise judges that battery is defective.
Continue taking 10 batteries in table 1 as example, as can be seen from Table 1, the discharge capacity of the battery that total voltage changing value △ V is respectively 305.4mV and 327.6mV at low temperature-20 DEG C is respectively 4.973Ah and 4.434Ah, is respectively 76.5% and 68.2% of rated capacity.Getting 306mV is sorting standard value, calculates corresponding low temperature-20 DEG C discharge capacity and account for the number percent of rated capacity, is made as x:
76.5 % - 68.2 % 305.4 - 327.6 = x - 76.5 % 306 - 305.4
x≈76.276%
Corresponding low temperature-20 DEG C discharge capacity is about 76% of rated capacity, and total voltage changing value is that cryogenic property is qualified lower than the battery of 306mV, otherwise is defective.
According to the battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure of the embodiment of the present invention, the impact of the variation of simultaneously having considered ohmic internal resistance and polarization resistance on battery low temperature electrochemical performance, can more accurately, directly evaluate the charge-discharge performance of battery under low temperature environment, ensure that in group gas-mixing screening, electric battery not only has under conventional environment, also there is the consistance of charge-discharge performance under low temperature environment, and with low cost, simple to operate, quick, be applicable to large-scale production application, be of great practical significance.
Any process of otherwise describing in process flow diagram or at this or method are described and can be understood to, represent to comprise that one or more is for realizing module, fragment or the part of code of executable instruction of step of specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises other realization, wherein can be not according to order shown or that discuss, comprise according to related function by the mode of basic while or by contrary order, carry out function, this should be understood by embodiments of the invention person of ordinary skill in the field.
The logic and/or the step that in process flow diagram, represent or otherwise describe at this, for example, can be considered to the sequencing list of the executable instruction for realizing logic function, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, use for instruction execution system, device or equipment (as computer based system, comprise that the system of processor or other can and carry out the system of instruction from instruction execution system, device or equipment instruction fetch), or use in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.With regard to this instructions, " computer-readable medium " can be anyly can comprise, device that storage, communication, propagation or transmission procedure use for instruction execution system, device or equipment or in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.The example more specifically (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable medium comprises following: the electrical connection section (electronic installation) with one or more wirings, portable computer diskette box (magnetic device), random-access memory (ram), ROM (read-only memory) (ROM), the erasable ROM (read-only memory) (EPROM or flash memory) of editing, fiber device, and portable optic disk ROM (read-only memory) (CDROM).In addition, computer-readable medium can be even paper or other the suitable medium that can print described program thereon, because can be for example by paper or other media be carried out to optical scanning, then edit, decipher or process in electronics mode and obtain described program with other suitable methods if desired, be then stored in computer memory.
Should be appreciated that each several part of the present invention can realize with hardware, software, firmware or their combination.In the above-described embodiment, multiple steps or method can realize with being stored in software or the firmware carried out in storer and by suitable instruction execution system.For example, if realized with hardware, the same in another embodiment, can realize by any one in following technology well known in the art or their combination: there is the discrete logic for data-signal being realized to the logic gates of logic function, there is the special IC of suitable combinational logic gate circuit, programmable gate array (PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA) etc.
Those skilled in the art are appreciated that realizing all or part of step that above-described embodiment method carries is can carry out the hardware that instruction is relevant by program to complete, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording medium, this program, in the time carrying out, comprises step of embodiment of the method one or a combination set of.
In addition, the each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing module, can be also that the independent physics of unit exists, and also can be integrated in a module two or more unit.Above-mentioned integrated module both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, and also can adopt the form of software function module to realize.If described integrated module realizes and during as production marketing independently or use, also can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium using the form of software function module.
The above-mentioned storage medium of mentioning can be ROM (read-only memory), disk or CD etc.
In the description of this instructions, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the feature of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term is not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be with suitable mode combination in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: in the situation that not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, can carry out multiple variation, amendment, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.

Claims (7)

1. a battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Obtain many voltage curves of multiple batteries under low temperature environment;
Calculate respectively the first voltage change of the momentary recovery section in the voltage curve of each described battery and slowly recover the second voltage changing value of section, and calculate the total voltage changing value of described battery according to described the first voltage change and described second voltage changing value;
Obtain sorting standard value according to the total voltage changing value of the described multiple batteries that calculate; And
The described total voltage changing value of each described battery and described sorting standard value are compared, if the described total voltage changing value of described battery is less than described sorting standard value, judge that described battery is qualified.
2. battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in obtain many voltage curves of multiple batteries under low temperature environment, comprise the steps:
Described multiple batteries are carried out to constant-current discharge-shelve test, and detect the described voltage curve that each described battery is corresponding, wherein, the original state of each described battery is for being full of electricity condition.
3. battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the temperature range of described low temperature environment is 10 DEG C to-50 DEG C.
4. battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, calculates described total voltage changing value by following formula,
△V=k△V1+(1-k)△V2,
Wherein, △ V is described total voltage changing value, and △ V1 is described the first voltage change, and △ V2 is described second voltage changing value, and k is weighting coefficient.
5. battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the span of described weighting coefficient k is 0.5 to 0.9.
6. battery cryogenic property appraisal procedure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the total voltage changing value of described multiple batteries that described basis calculates obtains sorting standard value, comprises the steps:
Add up the densely distributed district of the total voltage changing value of described multiple batteries, and the upper limit of multiple described total voltage changing value in described densely distributed district is set to described sorting standard value.
7. the battery performance appraisal procedure as described in claim 1-6 any one, is characterized in that, described battery is lithium ion battery.
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Cited By (7)

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CN104617342A (en) * 2015-01-21 2015-05-13 合肥国轩高科动力能源股份公司 Lithium iron phosphate power battery grouping method
CN105034846A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-11-11 国家电网公司 Cold-region adapting evaluation system and evaluation method for energy-type power battery for pure electric vehicle
CN105425158A (en) * 2015-11-12 2016-03-23 中国检验检疫科学研究院 Lithium ion battery low temperature performance detection method
CN105738832A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-07-06 黑龙江省计量检定测试院 Storage battery low-temperature characteristic tester
CN109669143A (en) * 2019-01-30 2019-04-23 中航锂电(洛阳)有限公司 A kind of battery capacity evaluating method
CN113002330A (en) * 2021-03-11 2021-06-22 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 Electric vehicle, slow charging reliability experiment method and device thereof, and vehicle control unit
CN113466708A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-01 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 Method for evaluating low-temperature performance of lithium battery

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104617342A (en) * 2015-01-21 2015-05-13 合肥国轩高科动力能源股份公司 Lithium iron phosphate power battery grouping method
CN105034846A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-11-11 国家电网公司 Cold-region adapting evaluation system and evaluation method for energy-type power battery for pure electric vehicle
CN105425158A (en) * 2015-11-12 2016-03-23 中国检验检疫科学研究院 Lithium ion battery low temperature performance detection method
CN105425158B (en) * 2015-11-12 2020-06-09 中国检验检疫科学研究院 Low-temperature performance detection method for lithium ion battery
CN105738832A (en) * 2016-04-27 2016-07-06 黑龙江省计量检定测试院 Storage battery low-temperature characteristic tester
CN109669143A (en) * 2019-01-30 2019-04-23 中航锂电(洛阳)有限公司 A kind of battery capacity evaluating method
CN109669143B (en) * 2019-01-30 2021-01-29 中航锂电(洛阳)有限公司 Battery pack capacity evaluation method
CN113002330A (en) * 2021-03-11 2021-06-22 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 Electric vehicle, slow charging reliability experiment method and device thereof, and vehicle control unit
CN113002330B (en) * 2021-03-11 2022-04-12 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 Electric vehicle, slow charging reliability experiment method and device thereof, and vehicle control unit
CN113466708A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-01 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 Method for evaluating low-temperature performance of lithium battery

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Application publication date: 20140611