CN103837589B - Taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to lambda sensor technical field, especially a kind of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor and preparation method thereof.It includes taper tubular zirconium-oxide and taper heating rod, taper tubular zirconium-oxide inner surface setting reference air electrode；Taper tubular zirconium-oxide outer surface sets gradually measuring electrode, hybrid chamber and diffusion layer；The reference air electrode and measuring electrode arranged by taper tubular zirconium-oxide surfaces externally and internally forms concentration cell unit together；On this basis, arrange dense oxide zirconium coating to be closed inside, and reserve diffusion hole；Compact zirconia coating outer surface arranges pump battery external electrode, forms pump battery unit together with the measuring electrode being wrapped in dense oxide zirconium coating；Compact zirconia coating outer surface arranges porous external electrode protective layer.The present invention can effectively improve the sensor efficiency of heating surface and while be reduced significantly the volume of like product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lambda sensor technical field, especially a kind of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With the increasingly raising of motor vehicle exhaust emission regulation and engine control technologies, traditional potentiometric oxygen sensor cannot all meet the requirement of engine control system in certainty of measurement and measurement range, therefore be arisen at the historic moment based on the double-battery wide-scope oxygen sensor of carrying current principle.Existing double-battery wide-scope oxygen sensor is all slice structure at present.Patent 201010616977.8 discloses a kind of tube-type double-battery wide oxygen sensor and preparation method thereof.It includes internal oxidition zirconium pipe, external oxidation zirconium pipe, heating rod and closed loop controller, the inner surface of the outer surface of internal oxidition zirconium pipe and external oxidation zirconium pipe mutually coincide, diffusion chamber is left on its top after internal oxidition zirconium pipe and the superposition of external oxidation zirconium pipe, the inner surface of internal oxidition zirconium pipe is provided with reference gas passage, reference gas passage arranges platinum electrode and forms reference electrode, the outer surface of internal oxidition zirconium pipe arranges measuring electrode, and the interior electrode for forming pump cell tube tangent with the inner surface of external oxidation zirconium pipe, the outer surface of external oxidation zirconium pipe arranges pump cell tube external electrode, aperture is provided with the top of external oxidation zirconium pipe, and it is provided with the Diffusion Barrier hole of filling diffusion layer, the outer layer of external oxidation zirconium pipe arranges porous external electrode protective layer.
Disclosed in the patent, this straight-tube shape double cell broad domain oxygen sensor is formed by stacking by two zirconium oxide bodys, although it is simpler than chip double cell broad domain oxygen sensor in structure, and heat resistanceheat resistant performance of shaking is significantly improved, but the superposition of double straight tube bodys limits its size and further cannot reduce；And to accomplish that double-pipe body dimensional height coincide, technology difficulty is higher, the difficult control of fabrication yield；In addition, this straight-tube shape double cell broad domain oxygen sensor inducing function area disclosed in the patent is concentrated at the hemisphere of top, and the hot zone of heating rod is concentrated on below the hemisphere of top, causes heating rod heating temp fully effective cannot be applied to sensing position, efficiency losses are big, as shown in Figure 1.
In addition, United States Patent (USP) US4712419 discloses a kind of air-fuel ratio sensor, which is similar to tubular type sensor profile mentioned above, is straight tube tubular type, and its heater is external in addition, and not only efficiency losses are big, and sensor is integrally difficult to encapsulate.
Content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing sensor heat transfer efficiency, the invention provides a kind of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor and preparation method thereof.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor, including tubular zirconium-oxide and heating rod, the tubular zirconium-oxide and heating rod are taper, and the taper tubular zirconium-oxide inner surface setting reference air electrode, the taper tubular zirconium-oxide outer surface set gradually measuring electrode, hybrid chamber and diffusion layer；The reference air electrode and measuring electrode arranged by taper tubular zirconium-oxide surfaces externally and internally forms concentration cell unit together；On this basis, arrange dense oxide zirconium coating to be closed inside, and reserve diffusion hole；The compact zirconia coating outer surface arranges pump battery external electrode, forms pump battery unit together with the measuring electrode being wrapped in dense oxide zirconium coating；The compact zirconia coating outer surface arranges porous external electrode protective layer.Base tube and heating rod are improved to taper by this programme, can effectively improve the overall efficiency of heating surface of sensor
According to another embodiment of the invention; further include band concentration cell unit, pump battery unit, hybrid chamber, diffusion layer, diffusion hole and porous external electrode protective layer composition function induction zone; taper heating club head is hot zone; function induction zone is arranged in hot zone in the radial direction; both overlap height, are formed and are preferably coordinated.This programme improves inducing function area and the position around the thermal treatment zone, makes both arrangements more appropriate, can further improve the efficiency of heating surface.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the taper tubular zirconium-oxide is further included, on the premise of holding package dimension and intensity under the influence of not, internal diameter of tube body≤2.6mm.
According to another embodiment of the invention, within further including that the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor function induction zone entire outer diameter with concentration cell unit, pump battery unit, hybrid chamber, diffusion layer, diffusion hole and porous external electrode protective layer is contracted to 4.2mm.Induction zone unit is integrally rearranged so that structure is more compact, and entire outer diameter can be caused further to reduce, littleization of volume is realized.
A kind of preparation method of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor, comprises the following steps：
（1）By nanometer a- Al2O3The mass ratio of 0.3-2% is pressed with the abundant ball milling of 5mol% stabilized with yttrium oxide micron zirconia powder, the binding agent for being well mixed interpolation 5%～25% after drying is prepared into feeding needed for injection moulding, conical tube with step is prepared into by injection moulding method, and zirconium oxide element embryonic tube body is formed after degreasing；
（2）Platinum electrode slurry is accurately coated in taper zirconium oxide element embryonic tube inside and outside both sides to form reference air electrode and measuring electrode, concentration cell unit is constituted with zirconium oxide body；
（3）By the mixing of graphite powder, PVB, terpinol and softening agent fully, the slurry that can be volatilized completely after preparing a kind of high temperature sintering is accurately coated in measuring electrode upper end, to automatically form mixing cavity after sintering；
（4）Woelm Alumina or zirconia slurry is prepared, and mixing cavity top is coated in czochralski method, to form diffusion layer；
（5）After above-mentioned operation is completed and is dried, prepare a kind of zirconia slurry of doping 4 ~ 6mo%l yittrium oxide, it is consistent or close with the solid content for preparing tapered tubular zirconium-oxide somaplasm material to make its solid content, and be coated with various functions pulp layer taper zirconium oxide element embryo be immersed in the slurry and uniformly lift, obtain the compact zirconia thin-walled coating that thickness is evenly and completely closed, in the process, the diffusion hole of 0.5 ~ 2mm of diameter is reserved at the top of body；
（6）After outside compact zirconia thin-walled coated and dried, special loose structure adhesion layer, and accurate application nanosized platinum electrode slurry is printed in its outer surface, to form the pump oxygen cell electrode with nanostructured catalyst platinum electrode after sintering；
（7）The porous protective layer fluid slurry for preparing is lifted on the surface of external electrode with czochralski method; it is put in high temperature furnace after above-mentioned surface size is dried; 1 ~ 5 hour is burnt altogether between 1350 ~ 1600 degree, can finally prepare the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor sensing unit with concentration cell, pump oxygen cell, mixing cavity, diffusion layer, diffusion hole and porous protective layer；
（8）Taper aluminium oxide ceramics heating rod of the top hot zone diameter less than 2.3mm is prepared, and is mated with above-mentioned taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor sensing unit and is assembled, just can form taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor of the present invention.
This production program is also carried out improving, and with the addition of a nanometer a-Al2O3And platinum electrode slurry, the former can carry out secondary enhancing to sensor base, and the latter can be with intensified response activity.
According to another embodiment of the invention, further include described using lifting coating method prepare outer layer compact zirconia thin layer, the THICKNESS CONTROL of this layer is within 0.25mm, and the coating is completely combined with conical tube and is integrated.So, the sensor base tube that this programme is made no longer has two-layer extended envelope structure, and equivalent to an only Rotating fields shell, but its each side requires to work as with two-layer shell phase, and can achieve the further downsizing of sensor, portability.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows,
（1）Because the present invention adopts pyramidal structure body, on the premise of holding package dimension and intensity under the influence of not, within internal diameter of tube body being contracted to 2.6mm.And the straight tube internal diameter of tube body minimum that method disclosed in patent 201010616977.8 is made also wants 2.8mm.
（2）The present invention prepares outer layer compact zirconia thin layer using lifting coating method, can be by the THICKNESS CONTROL of this layer within 0.25mm, and the coating can be completely combined with conical tube and is integrated.And the method for double-deck body superposition disclosed in patent 201010616977.8, within its body thickness cannot be contracted to 0.4mm, and inside and outside tube surfaces 100% cannot coincide.The induction zone entire outer diameter that the present invention is prepared can be contracted to 4.2mm, and the induction zone entire outer diameter that the open method of patent 201010616977.8 is made will reach more than 6mm.
（3）Inducing function zone position is arranged to arrive and is overlapped with heating rod heating zone position by the present invention so that heating rod heating efficiency is at utmost played.And this straight-tube shape double cell broad domain oxygen sensor inducing function area disclosed in patent 201010616977.8 is concentrated at the hemisphere of top, and the hot zone of heating rod is concentrated on below the hemisphere of top, cause heating rod heating temp fully effective cannot be applied to sensing position, efficiency losses are big.
（4）The overall volume that is brought by the present invention significantly reduces and functional areas and the coincidence of hot zone position height so that this taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor cold start speed is greatly improved, and the cold start-up time was reduced within 10 seconds；In addition preparation method of the present invention simpler, high yield rate, good stability.
（5）The present invention strengthens phase using nano alumina particles as disperse on taper zirconium oxide body material, carries out secondary enhancing to zirconia base so that matrix bending strength is improved to more than 450Mpa by 300Mpa before, and effect is substantially.
（6）The pump battery external electrode of the present invention adopts nanostructured catalyst platinum electrode, and catalytic reaction activity is greatly improved, and under same area and same temperature conditions, the internal resistance of pump oxygen cell reduces half than original, and the anti-poisoning capability of electrode is enhanced about more than once.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of original application；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the functional areas of the present invention and hot zone position view；
Fig. 4 is pump current output characteristics curve synoptic diagram of the present invention.
In figure, 1, taper tubular zirconium-oxide, 11, reference air electrode, 12（32）, measuring electrode（Electrode in pump battery）, 2, taper heating rod, 3, dense oxide zirconium coating, 31, pump battery external electrode, 4, diffusion layer, 41, hybrid chamber, 42, diffusion hole, 43, former diffusion chamber, 5, external electrode protective layer, 6, function induction zone, 7, hot zone.
Specific embodiment
If Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention, a kind of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor, including 1, taper tubular zirconium-oxide, 11, reference air electrode, 12（32）, measuring electrode（Electrode in pump battery）, 2, taper heating rod, 3, dense oxide zirconium coating, 31, pump battery external electrode, 4, diffusion layer, 41, hybrid chamber, 42, diffusion hole, 5, external electrode protective layer, 6, function induction zone, 7, hot zone.
If Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention, a kind of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor, it have the heating rod of the tubular zirconium-oxide of taper and taper, 1 inner surface setting reference air electrode 11 of taper tubular zirconium-oxide；Taper tubular zirconium-oxide outer surface sets gradually measuring electrode 12（32）, hybrid chamber 41 and diffusion layer 4；The reference air electrode and measuring electrode arranged by taper tubular zirconium-oxide surfaces externally and internally forms concentration cell unit together；On this basis, arrange dense oxide zirconium coating 3 to be closed inside, and reserve diffusion hole 42；The compact zirconia coating outer surface arranges pump battery external electrode 31, forms pump battery unit together with electrode 32 in the pump battery being wrapped in dense oxide zirconium coating；3 outer surface of dense oxide zirconium coating arranges porous external electrode protective layer 5.
The taper tubular zirconium-oxide 1 strengthens phase using nano alumina particles as disperse on material, carries out secondary enhancing to zirconia base；The pump battery external electrode 31 using nanostructured catalyst platinum electrode, greatly improves the catalytic reaction activity and stability of electrode in preparation method.
If Fig. 2 is functional areas of the present invention and heating zone position enlarged diagram. the sensor is assembled by taper zirconium oxide body 1 and the coupling of conic ceramic heating rod 2.Taper tubular zirconium-oxide 1 is used as concentration cell, and the dense oxide zirconium coating 3 that its outer surface is arranged is used as carrying current pump battery.As a result of lifting coating production so that the dense oxide zirconium coating 3 is completely combined by high temperature sintering with taper tubular zirconium-oxide 1 and is integrated.The reference air electrode 11 and measuring electrode 12 that taper tubular zirconium-oxide 1 is arranged by surfaces externally and internally forms concentration cell unit together, and its gap reserved between heating rod 2 is used as reference air duct, it can be ensured that reference air electrode 11 is fully contacted with fresh air.Simultaneously as electrode 32 in pump battery, dense oxide zirconium coating 3 passes through to arrange pump battery external electrode 31 with the formation of electrode 32 pump battery unit in pump battery in outer surface measuring electrode 12.In pump battery electrode two ends applied voltage, just can by the oxygen molecule in tail gas by diffusion layer pump in hybrid chamber, after gradually stepping up voltage to a certain extent, pump electric current just no longer increases with voltage and increases, but the diffusion rate by oxygen molecule in diffusion layer determines, limit pump electric current is material is thus formed.By adjusting the porosity and size in 42 aperture of diffusion hole and diffusion layer 4, certain limit pump current value can be obtained.The outermost layer of dense oxide zirconium coating 3 arranges porous protective layer to protect external electrode not to be contaminated, while the debris blocking in guaranteeing diffusion hole 42 not by tail gas affects signal output characteristic.
At work, 6 position of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor function induction zone is heated and is maintained between 700 ~ 800 degree by the taper heating rod 2 being separately provided, by closed loop controller pump battery unit external electrode 31 and 32 two ends of interior electrode apply pump voltage and produce certain pump electric current so that produce the voltage of 450mV or so between the reference electrode 11 of concentration cell unit and measuring electrode 12.The pump electric current being achieved in that is positive current in the range of air-fuel ratio is more than 1, and linearly increases as air-fuel ratio increases；When air-fuel ratio is equal to 1, pump electric current is 0；In the range of air-fuel ratio is less than 1, pump electric current is negative value.Thus the sensor can equally meet the measurement and control in full air-fuel ratio range.
As seen from Figure 3,6 position of inducing function area is arranged to arrive and is overlapped with 7 position of heating rod hot zone by of the invention this so that heating rod heating efficiency is at utmost played；Along with the overall volume that the present invention brings significantly reduces so that this taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor cold start speed is greatly improved, and the cold start-up time was reduced within 10 seconds；In addition preparation method of the present invention simpler, high yield rate, good stability.
The present invention strengthens phase using nano alumina particles as disperse on taper zirconium oxide body material, carries out secondary enhancing to zirconia base so that matrix bending strength is improved to more than 450Mpa by 300Mpa before, and effect is substantially.In addition, the pump battery external electrode of the present invention adopts nanostructured catalyst platinum electrode, catalytic reaction activity is greatly improved, and under same area and same temperature conditions, the internal resistance of pump oxygen cell reduces half than original, and the anti-poisoning capability of electrode is enhanced about more than once.
Specific embodiment：
（1）By nanometer a- Al2O3The mass ratio of 0.3-2% is pressed with the abundant ball milling of 5mol% stabilized with yttrium oxide micron zirconia powder, the binding agent for being well mixed interpolation 5%～25% after drying is prepared into feeding needed for injection moulding, conical tube with step is prepared into by injection moulding method, and zirconium oxide element embryonic tube body is formed after degreasing；
（2）Platinum electrode slurry is accurately coated in taper zirconium oxide element embryonic tube inside and outside both sides to form reference air electrode and measuring electrode, concentration cell unit is constituted with zirconium oxide body；
（3）By the mixing of graphite powder, PVB, terpinol and softening agent fully, the slurry that can be volatilized completely after preparing a kind of high temperature sintering is accurately coated in measuring electrode upper end, to automatically form mixing cavity after sintering；
（4）Woelm Alumina or zirconia slurry is prepared, and mixing cavity top is coated in czochralski method, to form diffusion layer；
（5）After above-mentioned operation is completed and is dried, prepare a kind of zirconia slurry of doping 4 ~ 6mo%l yittrium oxide, it is consistent or close with the solid content for preparing tapered tubular zirconium-oxide somaplasm material to make its solid content, and be coated with various functions pulp layer taper zirconium oxide element embryo be immersed in the slurry and uniformly lift, obtain the compact zirconia thin-walled coating that thickness is evenly and completely closed, in the process, the diffusion hole of 0.5 ~ 2mm of diameter is reserved at the top of body；
（6）After outside compact zirconia thin-walled coated and dried, special loose structure adhesion layer, and accurate application nanosized platinum electrode slurry is printed in its outer surface, to form the pump oxygen cell electrode with nanostructured catalyst platinum electrode after sintering；
（7）The porous protective layer fluid slurry for preparing is lifted on the surface of external electrode with czochralski method; it is put in high temperature furnace after above-mentioned surface size is dried; 1 ~ 5 hour is burnt altogether between 1350 ~ 1600 degree, can finally prepare the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor sensing unit with concentration cell, pump oxygen cell, mixing cavity, diffusion layer, diffusion hole and porous protective layer；
（8）Taper aluminium oxide ceramics heating rod of the top hot zone diameter less than 2.3mm is prepared, and is mated with above-mentioned sensing unit and is assembled, just can form taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor of the present invention.
The taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor simple structure prepared by above step, technology difficulty are little, can be completely achieved the cold start-up requirement within 10s under the tight fit of taper heating rod；Simultaneously because pump electrode material is improved and optimizated so that its output current characteristic is stable, and the pump current output characteristics curve of concrete sample is shown in Fig. 4；Additionally due to the performance so that the sensor entirety heat resistanceheat resistant is shaken that improves and optimizates of matrix material is greatly improved, the ageing-resistant time that sample is tested on engine pedestal was improved to 1000 hours by original 500 hours, and the stability in use of product is significantly improved.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor, including tubular zirconium-oxide and heating rod, is characterized in that, the tubular zirconium-oxide and heating rod are taper, the taper tubular zirconium-oxide（1）Inner surface setting reference air electrode（11）, the taper tubular zirconium-oxide（1）Outer surface sets gradually measuring electrode（12）, hybrid chamber（41）And diffusion layer（4）；By taper tubular zirconium-oxide（1）The reference air electrode that surfaces externally and internally is arranged（11）And measuring electrode（12）Concentration cell unit is formed together；On this basis, dense oxide zirconium coating is set（3）Inside is closed, and reserves diffusion hole（42）；The dense oxide zirconium coating（3）Outer surface arranges pump battery external electrode（31）, and it is wrapped in dense oxide zirconium coating（3）Interior measuring electrode（12）Pump battery unit is formed together；The dense oxide zirconium coating（3）Outer surface arranges porous external electrode protective layer（5）.
2. the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concentration cell unit, pump battery unit, hybrid chamber（41）, diffusion layer（4）, diffusion hole（42）With porous external electrode protective layer（5）Composition function induction zone（6）, taper heating rod（2）Head is hot zone（7）, function induction zone（6）It is arranged in hot zone（7）In the radial direction, both highly overlap, and are formed and are preferably coordinated.
3. the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the taper tubular zirconium-oxide（1）, on the premise of holding package dimension and intensity under the influence of not, internal diameter of tube body≤2.6mm.
4. the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor according to claim 2, is characterized in that, band concentration cell unit, pump battery unit, hybrid chamber（41）, diffusion layer（4）, diffusion hole（42）With porous external electrode protective layer（5）Taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor function induction zone（6）Within entire outer diameter is contracted to 4.2mm.
5. a kind of preparation method of taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
（1）By nanometer a- Al2O3
The mass ratio of 0.3-2% is pressed with the abundant ball milling of 5mol% stabilized with yttrium oxide micron zirconia powder, the binding agent for being well mixed interpolation 5%～25% after drying is prepared into feeding needed for injection moulding, conical tube with step is prepared into by injection moulding method, and zirconium oxide element embryonic tube body is formed after degreasing；
（2）Platinum electrode slurry is accurately coated in taper zirconium oxide element embryonic tube inside and outside both sides to form reference air electrode and measuring electrode, concentration cell unit is constituted with zirconium oxide element embryonic tube body；
（3）By the mixing of graphite powder, PVB, terpinol and softening agent fully, the slurry that can be volatilized completely after preparing a kind of high temperature sintering is accurately coated in measuring electrode upper end, to automatically form hybrid chamber after sintering；
（4）Woelm Alumina or zirconia slurry is prepared, hybrid chamber top is coated in czochralski method, to form diffusion layer；
（5）After above-mentioned steps are completed and are dried, prepare a kind of zirconia slurry of doping 4～6mol% yittrium oxide, it is consistent with the solid content for preparing zirconium oxide element embryonic tube somaplasm material to make its solid content, and be coated with various functions pulp layer zirconium oxide element embryonic tube body be immersed in the slurry and uniformly lift, obtain the dense oxide zirconium coating that thickness is evenly and completely closed, in the process, the diffusion hole of 0.5～2mm of diameter is reserved at the top of body；
（6）After outside compact zirconia coated and dried, in its outer surface printing loose structure adhesion layer, and accurate application nanosized platinum electrode slurry, to form the pump battery external electrode with nanostructured catalyst platinum electrode after sintering；
（7）The porous protective layer fluid slurry for preparing is lifted on the surface of external electrode with czochralski method; it is put in high temperature furnace after above-mentioned surface size is dried; 1 ~ 5 hour is burnt altogether between 1350～1600 degree, can finally prepare the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor sensing unit with concentration cell unit, pump battery unit, hybrid chamber, diffusion layer, diffusion hole and porous external electrode protective layer；
（8）Taper aluminium oxide ceramics heating rod of the top hot zone diameter less than 2.3mm is prepared, and is mated with above-mentioned taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor sensing unit and is assembled, just can form the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor.
6. the preparation method of the taper double cell broad domain oxygen sensor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the dense oxide zirconium coating, the THICKNESS CONTROL of this layer is within 0.25mm, and the dense oxide zirconium coating is completely combined with zirconium oxide element embryonic tube body and is integrated.
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| GB9206367D0 (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1992-05-06 | Pilkington Plc | Oxygen measuring probe |
| US5990463A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-11-23 | Denso Corporation | Oxygen sensor element holding lamination type ceramic heater |
| JP3588094B2 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-11-10 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Oxygen sensor structure |
| CN201819899U (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-05-04 | 迪邦传感器(上海)有限公司 | Oxygen sensor for detecting concentration of oxygen from automobile exhaust pipe |
| CN102140954A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-08-03 | 常州联德电子有限公司 | Tubular double-battery wide-scope oxygen sensor and making method thereof |
| CN202916254U (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-05-01 | 安徽华工汽车电子科技有限公司 | Oxygen sensor inner cover |
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Address after: 213000 No.56 Guoxiang Road, West Taihu science and Technology Industrial Park, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: CHANGZHOU LAMBDA ELECTRONIC Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.15 Ziwei Road, Zhonglou Economic Development Zone, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: CHANGZHOU LAMBDA ELECTRONIC Co.,Ltd. |