CN103831672A - Linear overhanging degree compensating method for floor type boring and milling machine - Google Patents
Linear overhanging degree compensating method for floor type boring and milling machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103831672A CN103831672A CN201410107645.5A CN201410107645A CN103831672A CN 103831672 A CN103831672 A CN 103831672A CN 201410107645 A CN201410107645 A CN 201410107645A CN 103831672 A CN103831672 A CN 103831672A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/001—Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine
Abstract
The invention discloses a linear overhanging degree compensating method for a floor type boring and milling machine. The linear overhanging degree compensating method comprises the steps that a compensation value obtained through an experiment is input into a man-machine interface of a numerical control system, overhanging errors of the end of a main shaft and overhanging errors generated by attachment cutter heads with different weights are measured through an experimental method when a ram extends out of different positions, error compensation values measured through the experiment are input into the numerical control system through a dialog box, the compensation values comprise errors generated under the two different moving states of a forward direction compensation error and a negative direction compensation error, the numerical control system is used for respectively storing the two kinds of compensation values into a PLC, the PLC is internally provided with a DB forward direction data module corresponding to the forward direction compensation error and a DB negative direction data module corresponding to the negative direction compensation error, and the PLC is used for carrying out linear process on the overhanging degree of the ram through data in the DB data modules. The linear overhanging degree compensating method has the advantages of being simple, high in compensation precision and machining precision, long in service life of a machine tool and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy duty machine tools technical field, specifically a kind of for the linear sag compensation method on floor-type milling & boring machine.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the topmost architectural feature of large-sized numerical control floor-type milling & boring machine is to adopt cantilevered ram workpiece, described weight is connected with main spindle box 3 by wire sling 2 in column 1, between wire sling 2 and main spindle box 3, be connected compensating cylinder 4, electro-hydraulic proportional valve is arranged on the oil circuit of compensating cylinder 4, and be electrically connected with PLC controller, the column 1 of main spindle box 3 belows is provided with grating scale, the sag of chain of grating scale Real-Time Monitoring main spindle box 3 the PLC controller being transferred in digital control system calculate it, the valve events of instruction electric-hydraulic proportion again after PLC controller calculates, with the fluid turnover amount of control and compensation oil cylinder 4, and then carry out in real time balanced compensated to ram 5, when ram 5 is worked, due to the boring bar of large floor boring and milling machine and the quality of ram 5 very large, and in the state of overhanging, its impulse stroke is larger, the maximum amount of overhanging is also larger.Due to the weight factor of the annexes such as ram 5 self and main shaft 6 thereof, ram will inevitably produce deflection deformation in the process of stretching out, and causes angular error and the displacement error of machine tool chief axis and cutter, thereby affects the machining accuracy of lathe.Therefore must take suitable indemnifying measure to ram bending deformation, to ensure the machining accuracy of whole lathe.
Existing compensation method has:
1. main spindle box the center displacement compensates, and changes the length of steel wire rope by oil cylinder, and position of centre of gravity is raise in vertical plane.
2. the sagging compensation of ram, by two symmetrical oil cylinders tensions above ram, increases ram rigidity by active force, and the trend that ram is had be straightened, reduces ram bending deformation amount.
3. installation accessories compensation, arranges oil pocket in ram bottom, increases its pressure, raises ram, plays the effect of compensation.
4. main spindle box transformation hydraulic cavities compensation, at the upper and lower opposite slightly to the right or left of main spindle box ram gib plate, transformer static pressure chamber is set respectively, be divided into two groups of transformation static pressure chambeies, and be connected with two groups of hydraulic damping bodies and proportional pressure-reducing valve respectively, the oil pressure that changes transformation static pressure chamber by control system is realized ram front end and is raised and compensate.
First three plants weak point of compensation way, mainly by main spindle box or ram because the distortion that external force produces compensates, tend to produce the excessive and situation that ram is not compensated of main spindle box distortion, and compensation rate cannot accurately control, compensation precision is low.It is wide that the 4th kind of mode has compensation range compared with first three kind mode, the feature that precision is high, but its transformation hydraulic cavities oil pressure control mode is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, is difficult for implementing.
Through retrieval, 200910231156 disclose a kind of patent of invention of electro-hydraulic proportional servo valve flexible control method, this patent comprises the following steps: when lathe electrifying startup, according to original state value and the desired value of oil cylinder, send the output of staged set-point with Flexible Control electro-hydraulic proportional servo valve, thereby flexible increase oil cylinder working-pressure is to affiliated desired value, after the normal operation of machine lathe, send staged set-point according to the current runtime value of ram and current target value, controlling electro-hydraulic proportional servo valve makes oil cylinder move to described current target value, the impact that during with elimination lathe electrifying startup and operation, pressure adjustment causes components and parts moments such as oil cylinder oil pipe steel wire ropes greatly, its deficiency is: because desired value is stable horizontal linear state, in the time that needs arrive a upper desired value, need to set the high value of single order, what the high value in these rank was set is vertical predetermined value, can see thus, this stepped compensation method, while not only not eliminating lathe electrifying startup and operation, pressure adjustment is larger, and the impact that the device moments such as oil cylinder oil pipe and steel wire rope are caused, and, do not ensure the machining accuracy of floor-type milling & boring machine.
China Patent No. is CN2011103179876, patent name is the movable inclined Double compensation method of a kind of numerical control floor type boring and milling machine ram and the patent of invention of device, this patent is by the method for dual compensation, ram to be compensated, and its deficiency is: method complexity, expense is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of method is simple, machining accuracy is high, lathe long service life, in real time the amount of overhanging of the side's of follow-up ram compensate for the linear sag compensation method on floor-type milling & boring machine.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
For the linear sag compensation method on floor-type milling & boring machine, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
A, the offset of input test gained in the man-machine interface of 840Ds1 digital control system, the error of dangling of spindle nose when method is measured ram and stretched out diverse location by experiment, with the error of dangling that adopts the accessories mill-head of Different Weight to produce, the error compensation numerical value of experiment measuring is inputted to digital control system by dialog box, described compensation numerical value comprises the error under forward compensating error and two kinds of different motion states of negative sense compensating error, digital control system stores these two kinds compensation numerical value respectively in PLC controller, in PLC controller, corresponding forward compensating error is provided with DB forward data module, corresponding negative sense compensating error is provided with DB negative sense data module, recycling PLC program is carried out real-time linear compensation deals by the data in DB data module to the degree of dangling of ram,
The linear compensation handling process of b, described PLC program is:
Detect in real time the position of ram and pass to digital control system by detecting element, read the position signalling of ram and processed by the program cycle in the PLC controller in digital control system, PLC controller is exported to electro-hydraulic proportional valve by result of calculation by analog digital modular converter, make the oil pressure of the real-time control and compensation oil cylinder of electro-hydraulic proportional valve
In the time of start, the PLC programmed instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram and the start inceptive impulse of ram is carried out to forward compensation and negative sense compensation simultaneously,
In the time that the PLC director demon instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram by the operation of reference axis negative sense, PLC program is in real time according to reading coordinate values that position signalling that detecting element detects in real time determines that ram dangles on Z axis and simultaneously according to the calculation process of comparing of the numerical value in DB negative sense data module, output offset and change by analog digital after, instruction is to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder, ram is carried out to forward compensation simultaneously and negative sense compensates
In the time that the PLC director demon instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram by the operation of reference axis forward, PLC director demon is in real time according to reading coordinate values that position signalling that detecting element detects in real time determines that ram dangles on Z axis and simultaneously according to the calculation process of comparing of the numerical value in DB forward data module, output offset and change by analog digital after, instruction is to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder, ram is carried out to forward compensation simultaneously
In the time that offset is greater than 1, the PLC controller instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve redirect in digital control system, compensating cylinder is failure to actuate, and ram is out of service.
In the time that offset is less than 1, the PLC director demon in digital control system continues to control the real-Time Compensation of ram operation, to ensure the levelness of ram in the work of dangling, has ensured greatly the machining accuracy of lathe.
The computational process of linear compensation data of the present invention: utilize software STEP7 to edit PLC program, first compare by the coordinate points in the error compensation tables in the DB data block in number of coordinates and the PLC program of ram place, the FB2 side of reading axle, which in coordinate points export with regard to the offset that adopts this point, in order to reach more accurate compensation effect, make the offset of output along with the variation of coordinate is all adjusted all the time, adopt linear compensation way, use the mathematical formulaes such as equal proportion computing, offset is carried out to level and smooth linearity output with coordinate by certain relation, greatly improve compensation precision, the circular of offset data: establish reference axis any point x, the offset of putting adjacent two the compensation point m of x and n is a and b, the difference of offset is b-a, the difference of two compensation points is 50, the error amount y at x point place is:
Can show that proportionate relationship is for being:
Putting the output offset y that x is corresponding is: y=
+ a
Note: x-50n represents that x is divided by the remainder after 50, and integer part n can be used to the position of determining that m and n are ordered
By the PLC program axial coordinate of the side's of reading ram in real time, the shaft position value of the side's of determining ram, calculates between compensating basin divided by 50, can find the value of compensation point, can calculate the error amount of each coordinate points by interface input data, export compensation by compensation rate.
Man-machine interface of the present invention is application " Easy Screen " Functional Design offset data inputting interface, also can adopt the operation interface of Siemens or the design of lathe manufacturer.
The present invention is owing to adopting above-mentioned compensation method, significantly eliminate the geometric accuracy error of the square ram that while overhanging due to square ram, flexural deformation produces, greatly improve compensation precision, there is the advantages such as method is simple, compensation precision is high, machining accuracy is high, lathe long service life.
brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the oil cylinder compensation schematic diagram of floor-type milling & boring machine.
Fig. 2 is the ram measure error schematic diagram of prior art.
Fig. 3 is ram measure error schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the linear sag compensation formula of mathematical schematic diagram of ram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described:
For the linear sag compensation method on floor-type milling & boring machine, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
A, the offset of input test gained in the man-machine interface of 840Ds1 digital control system, the error of dangling of main shaft 6 ends when method is measured ram 5 and stretched out diverse location by experiment, with the error of dangling that adopts the accessories mill-head of Different Weight to produce, the error compensation numerical value of experiment measuring is inputted to digital control system by dialog box, described compensation numerical value comprises the error under forward compensating error and two kinds of different motion states of negative sense compensating error, digital control system stores these two kinds compensation numerical value respectively in PLC controller, in PLC controller, corresponding forward compensating error is provided with DB forward data module, corresponding negative sense compensating error is provided with DB negative sense data module, recycling PLC program is carried out real-time linear compensation deals by the data in DB data module to the degree of dangling of ram,
The linear compensation handling process of b, described PLC program is:
Detect in real time the position of ram 5 and pass to digital control system by detecting element, read the position signalling of ram and processed by the program cycle in the PLC controller in digital control system, PLC controller is exported to electro-hydraulic proportional valve by result of calculation by analog digital modular converter, make the oil pressure of the real-time control and compensation oil cylinder 4 of electro-hydraulic proportional valve
In the time of start, the PLC programmed instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder 4 in control system drives ram 5 and the start inceptive impulse of ram 5 is carried out to forward compensation and negative sense compensation simultaneously,
In the time that the PLC director demon instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder 4 in control system drives ram 5 to move by reference axis negative sense, PLC program is in real time according to reading coordinate values that position signalling that detecting element detects in real time determines that ram 5 dangles on Z axis and simultaneously according to the calculation process of comparing of the numerical value in DB negative sense data module, output offset and change by analog digital after, instruction is to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder 4, ram 5 is carried out to forward compensation simultaneously and negative sense compensates
In the time that the PLC director demon instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder 4 in control system drives ram 5 to move by reference axis forward, PLC director demon is in real time according to reading coordinate values that position signalling that detecting element detects in real time determines that ram 5 dangles on Z axis and simultaneously according to the calculation process of comparing of the numerical value in DB forward data module, output offset and change by analog digital after, instruction is to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder 4, ram 5 is carried out to forward compensation simultaneously
In the time that offset is greater than 1, the PLC controller instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve redirect in digital control system, compensating cylinder is failure to actuate, and ram is out of service.
In the time that offset is less than 1, the PLC director demon in digital control system continues to control the real-Time Compensation of ram operation, to ensure the levelness of ram in the work of dangling, has ensured greatly the machining accuracy of lathe.
The computational process of linear compensation data of the present invention: utilize software STEP7 to edit PLC program, first compare by the coordinate points in the error compensation tables in the DB data block in number of coordinates and the PLC program of ram place, the FB2 side of reading axle, which in coordinate points export with regard to the offset that adopts this point, in order to reach more accurate compensation effect, make the offset of output along with the variation of coordinate is all adjusted all the time, adopt linear compensation way, use the mathematical formulaes such as equal proportion computing, offset is carried out to level and smooth linearity output with coordinate by certain relation, greatly improve compensation precision,
The circular of offset data: as shown in Figure 4, establish reference axis any point x, the offset of putting adjacent two the compensation point m of x and n is a and b, and the difference of offset is b-a, and the difference of two compensation points is 50, and the error amount y at x point place is:
Can show that proportionate relationship is for being:
Putting the output offset y that x is corresponding is: y=
+ a
Note: x-50n represents that x is divided by the remainder after 50, and integer part n can be used to the position of determining that m and n are ordered
By the PLC program axial coordinate of the side's of reading ram in real time, the shaft position value of the side's of determining ram, calculates between compensating basin divided by 50, can find the value of compensation point, can calculate the error amount of each coordinate points by interface input data, export compensation by compensation rate.
Man-machine interface of the present invention is application " Easy Screen " Functional Design offset data inputting interface, also can adopt the operation interface of Siemens or the design of lathe manufacturer.
Compensation principle of the present invention: as shown in Figure 1, the boring bar of large floor boring and milling machine and square ram quality are very large, in the time that square ram 5 stretches out, because of ram 5 self gravitation effects, in the time that ram 5 stretches out, ram 5 and main shaft 6 are under Action of Gravity Field, the generation deformation state that overhangs, in order to ensure the degree of dangling of ram 5 in the process of overhanging, use EASYS CREEN software at user-interface design offset data inputting interface, in the PLC of digital control system controller, use DB piece storage offset data, ram 5 forwards are moved to the calculating offset data moving with negative sense to be embedded respectively in DB forward data module and DB negative sense data module, as accompanying drawing 3, shown in 4, compensate the calculating of numerical value: detect that by detecting element grating scale dangling of ram is a little 1 x in 50-100 in reference axis, error amount y at x point place is: y=3+(x-50) (5-3)/50, can calculate the height that dangles at x point place, offset dangles, detect in real time the position of ram and pass to digital control system by detecting element grating scale, read the position signalling of ram and processed by the program cycle in the PLC controller in digital control system, PLC controller is exported to electro-hydraulic proportional valve by result of calculation by analog digital modular converter, make the oil pressure of the real-time control and compensation oil cylinder of electro-hydraulic proportional valve, in the time of start, PLC programmed instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram and the start inceptive impulse of ram is carried out to forward compensation and negative sense compensation simultaneously, in the time that the PLC director demon instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram by the operation of reference axis negative sense, PLC program is in real time according to reading coordinate values that position signalling that detecting element detects in real time determines that ram dangles on Z axis and simultaneously according to the calculation process of comparing of the numerical value in DB negative sense data module, output offset and change by analog digital after, instruction is to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder, ram is carried out to forward compensation simultaneously and negative sense compensates, in the time that the PLC director demon instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram by the operation of reference axis forward, PLC director demon is in real time according to reading coordinate values that position signalling that detecting element detects in real time determines that ram dangles on Z axis and simultaneously according to the calculation process of comparing of the numerical value in DB forward data module, output offset and change by analog digital after, instruction is to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder, ram is carried out to forward compensation simultaneously, in the time that offset is greater than 1, PLC controller instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve redirect in digital control system, compensating cylinder is failure to actuate, ram is out of service.In the time that offset is less than 1, the PLC director demon in digital control system continues to control the real-time linear compensation of ram operation, to ensure the levelness of ram in the work of dangling, has ensured greatly the machining accuracy of lathe.
The present invention is owing to adopting above-mentioned compensation method, significantly eliminate the geometric accuracy error of the square ram that while overhanging due to square ram, flexural deformation produces, greatly improve compensation precision, there is the advantages such as method is simple, compensation precision is high, machining accuracy is high, lathe long service life.
Claims (3)
1. for the linear sag compensation method on floor-type milling & boring machine, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
The offset of input test gained in the man-machine interface of digital control system, the error of dangling of spindle nose when method is measured ram and stretched out diverse location by experiment, with the error of dangling that adopts the accessories mill-head of Different Weight to produce, the error compensation numerical value of experiment measuring is inputted to digital control system by dialog box, described compensation numerical value comprises the error under forward compensating error and two kinds of different motion states of negative sense compensating error, digital control system stores these two kinds compensation numerical value respectively in PLC controller, in PLC controller, corresponding forward compensating error is provided with DB forward data module, corresponding negative sense compensating error is provided with DB negative sense data module, recycling PLC program is carried out real-time linear compensation deals by the data in DB data module to the degree of dangling of ram.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of for the linear sag compensation method on floor-type milling & boring machine, the linear compensation handling process that it is characterized in that described PLC program is: detected in real time the position of ram and passed to digital control system by detecting element, read the position signalling of ram and processed by the program cycle in the PLC controller in digital control system, PLC controller is exported to electro-hydraulic proportional valve by result of calculation by analog digital modular converter, make the oil pressure of the real-time control and compensation oil cylinder of electro-hydraulic proportional valve
In the time of start, the PLC programmed instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram and the start inceptive impulse of ram is carried out to forward compensation and negative sense compensation simultaneously,
In the time that the PLC director demon instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram by the operation of reference axis negative sense, PLC program is in real time according to reading coordinate values that position signalling that detecting element detects in real time determines that ram dangles on Z axis and simultaneously according to the calculation process of comparing of the numerical value in DB negative sense data module, output offset and change by analog digital after, instruction is to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder, ram is carried out to forward compensation simultaneously and negative sense compensates
In the time that the PLC director demon instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder in control system drives ram by the operation of reference axis forward, PLC director demon is in real time according to reading coordinate values that position signalling that detecting element detects in real time determines that ram dangles on Z axis and simultaneously according to the calculation process of comparing of the numerical value in DB forward data module, output offset and change by analog digital after, instruction is to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control compensating cylinder, ram is carried out to forward compensation simultaneously
In the time that offset is greater than 1, the PLC controller instruction electro-hydraulic proportional valve redirect in digital control system, compensating cylinder is failure to actuate, and ram is out of service.
In the time that offset is less than 1, the PLC director demon in digital control system continues to control the real-Time Compensation of ram operation, to ensure the levelness of ram in the work of dangling, has ensured greatly the machining accuracy of lathe.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of for the linear sag compensation method on floor-type milling & boring machine, it is characterized in that the computational process of described linear compensation data: utilize software STEP7 to edit PLC program, first compare by the coordinate points in the error compensation tables in the DB data block in number of coordinates and the PLC program of ram place, the FB2 side of reading axle, which in coordinate points export with regard to the offset that adopts this point, use again the mathematical formulaes such as equal proportion computing, offset is carried out to level and smooth linearity output with coordinate by certain relation, the circular of its offset data: establish reference axis any point x, the offset of putting adjacent two the compensation point m of x and n is a and b, the difference of offset is b-a, the difference of two compensation points is 50, the error amount y at x point place is:
Show that proportionate relationship is for being:
Putting the output offset y that x is corresponding is: y=
+ a
Note: x-50n represents that x is divided by the remainder after 50, integer part n is used for determining the position that m and n are ordered, by the PLC program axial coordinate of the side's of reading ram in real time, the shaft position value of the side's of determining ram, calculate between compensating basin divided by 50, find the value of compensation point, can calculate the error amount of each coordinate points by interface input data, export compensation by compensation rate.
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| CN105798705A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 武汉重型机床集团有限公司 | Machining compensation method for high-precision hole system of austenitic stainless steel plate part |
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| CN105798705A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 武汉重型机床集团有限公司 | Machining compensation method for high-precision hole system of austenitic stainless steel plate part |
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