CN103817433A - Method and special device for controlling laser processing light spots - Google Patents
Method and special device for controlling laser processing light spots Download PDFInfo
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- CN103817433A CN103817433A CN201410030553.1A CN201410030553A CN103817433A CN 103817433 A CN103817433 A CN 103817433A CN 201410030553 A CN201410030553 A CN 201410030553A CN 103817433 A CN103817433 A CN 103817433A
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- signal transmitter
- galvanometer
- controller
- motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
- B23K26/0738—Shaping the laser spot into a linear shape
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a special device for controlling laser processing light spots. The method includes steps of placing a to-be-processed workpiece on a movable workbench; starting a controller, enabling a motor, a first signal transmitter and a second signal transmitter to transmit instructions under the control of the controller to drive the corresponding moveable workbench, a galvanometer and a laser device to correspondingly change, and forming a linear light spot with the width of L by laser beams. The linear light spot is used as reflected light to be projected on the surface of the to-be-processed workpiece. The special device manufactured according to the method for controlling the laser processing light spots comprises the controller, a motor actuator, the motor, the first signal transmitter, the second signal transmitter, the movable workbench, the laser device and the galvanometer. The method and the special device have the advantages that the size, the shape and energy density distribution of the light spot can be dynamically adjusted according to requirements of processing technologies, and the special device is simple in structure and convenient to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Laser Processing hot spot control method and special device thereof.
Background technology
In field of laser processing, normally adopt the optical mirror slip of a series of static state to carry out optical transform acquisition for the laser facula of the processing such as LASER HEAT TREATMENT, laser melting coating, laser alloying, the light spot shape obtaining has circle, rectangle, linear etc., but this light beam obtaining through a series of optical mirror slip shaping generally has following characteristics: 1, be not easy to adjust light spot shape: a set of optical mirror slip can only shaping go out a kind of hot spot of shape, if need difform hot spot need to change shaping light path; 2, be not easy to adjust the light distribution characteristic in hot spot: different laser processing technologies needs dissimilar light distribution characteristic, some laser processing technologies need that central energy density is high, the low density Gaussian shaped profile of edge energy, and some laser processing technologies need the uniform optical characteristics of Energy distribution; But the hot spot obtaining through static optical mirror slip shaping, the characteristic of its internal energy Density Distribution is fixed, and can not change with the requirement of operating mode.
Summary of the invention
Can only shaping go out in order to solve current laser facula a kind of shape hot spot, cannot regulate the light distribution characteristic adjusted in hot spot and the problem of light spot shape, the present invention proposes and a kind ofly can carry out Laser Processing hot spot control method and the special device thereof dynamically adjusted according to the requirement of processing technology to spot size, shape and energy density distribution.
A kind of Laser Processing hot spot control method, comprises the following steps:
1) workpiece to be processed is placed on motion workbench;
2) opening controller, the driver module of controller sends motion control instruction to motor driver, and the motor driver that receives motion control instruction drives and drives the workpiece being placed on motion workbench to be synchronized with the movement by motor movement; The swing control module of controller is sent swing instruction to first signal transmitter, controls the galvanometer being connected with first signal transmitter and makes corresponding swing; The power conditioning module of controller is to the instruction of secondary signal transmitter transmission power control, and the laser instrument that control is connected with secondary signal transmitter sends the laser of corresponding power;
3) laser beam of the point-like that laser instrument sends irradiates on galvanometer as incident light, forms by the laser beam of the vibration mirror reflected that swings back and forth the linear beam spot that width is L, and described linear beam spot projects surface of the work to be processed as reverberation; Wherein, the energy density p at the every bit place in formed hot spot and the laser output power f of this some place, scan rate of vibrating mirror v
b, working table movement speed v
tconstituting-functions relation, its function expression is:
In formula (1), p (x, y) is in hot spot, certain puts desired energy density; F (x, y) is the power output at this some place laser instrument 3; V (x, y) is the movement velocity with respect to workpiece at this some place light beam projecting, and its v (x, y) size is scan rate of vibrating mirror v
bwith working table movement speed v
tvector, that is:
Meeting under the prerequisite of desired functional relation in formula (1), for the spot energy distribution stability of characteristics that dynamic scan is obtained, the time that galvanometer completes the track while scan in 1 cycle is less than or equal to 0.02 second.
The special device building according to Laser Processing hot spot control method of the present invention, it is characterized in that: comprise controller, motor driver, motor, first signal transmitter, secondary signal transmitter, motion workbench, laser instrument and galvanometer, the driver module of described controller is connected with the signal input part of motor driver, the signal output part of described motor driver is connected with motor, and the output shaft of described motor and described motion workbench are fixed; The swing control module of described controller is connected with the signal input part of first signal transmitter, and the signal output part of described first signal transmitter is connected with galvanometer; The power conditioning module of described controller is connected with the signal input part of described secondary signal transmitter, and the signal output part of described secondary signal transmitter is connected with described laser instrument.
Described controller is PLC, computer, digital signal processor or single-chip microcomputer.
Described secondary signal transmitter adopts the transmitter of transmitter, parallel communication digital interface or the serial communication digital interface of curtage analog signals interface.
Described galvanometer is 1 dimension scanning galvanometer, 2 dimension scanning galvanometers or the scanning galvanometer device with auto-focus function.
Described motor adopts AC servo motor or stepper motor.
Described first signal transmitter adopts curtage analog quantity signal transducer, parallel communication digital interface or serial communication digital interface transmitter.
What preferably, controller of the present invention adopted is the controller that uses digital signal processor exploitation; What secondary signal transmitter adopted is voltage analog signal transmitting device; What galvanometer adopted is 1 dimension scanning galvanometer; Motor adopts stepper motor; What first signal transmitter adopted is voltage analog signal transmitting device.
Element functional description in legend is as follows: controller: the movement velocity of the power output of control laser instrument, the corner of galvanometer and speed, workbench;
Secondary signal transmitter: accept the control instruction of controller, and control instruction is converted to the receptible signal of telecommunication of laser instrument, regulate the laser output power of laser instrument;
Laser instrument: export the laser beam of corresponding power according to the driving signal of secondary signal transmitter, and laser beam is projected on the eyeglass of galvanometer;
Galvanometer: the reciprocally swinging by eyeglass by the point-like dot projection of laser instrument output to workpiece, the linear beam spot that to form width be L;
Broadband hot spot: the dynamic beam projection that the width forming on workpiece because laser beam swings is L;
Motion workbench: carrying workpiece, and move under the driving of motor;
Workpiece: the processed object that is subject to broadband hot spot heat effect;
Motor: the signal of telecommunication of accepting motor driver drives and moves, and drives working table movement;
Motor driver: the signal of telecommunication that the movement instruction of controller is converted to drive motors 8;
First signal transmitter: be the signal of telecommunication that drives galvanometer motion by the swing instruction transformation of controller.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: spot size, shape and energy density distribution can dynamically be adjusted and simple in structure, practical and convenient according to the requirement of processing technology.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fundamental diagram of the present invention (wherein, the arrow at A place represents the direction of motion of motion workbench, and the arrow at B place represents the swaying direction of galvanometer, remaining arrow representation signal transmission direction).
Fig. 2 is hot spot broadband cross section Energy distribution.
The specific embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
With reference to accompanying drawing:
1 one kinds of Laser Processing hot spot control methods of embodiment, comprise the following steps:
1) workpiece to be processed 9 is placed on motion workbench;
2) opening controller, the driver module of controller sends motion control instruction to motor driver, and the motor driver that receives motion control instruction drives and drives the workpiece being placed on motion workbench to be synchronized with the movement by motor movement; The swing control module of controller is sent swing instruction to first signal transmitter, controls the galvanometer being connected with first signal transmitter and makes corresponding swing; The power conditioning module of controller is to the instruction of secondary signal transmitter transmission power control, and the laser instrument that control is connected with secondary signal transmitter sends the laser of corresponding power;
3) laser beam of the point-like that laser instrument sends irradiates on galvanometer as incident light, forms by the laser beam of the vibration mirror reflected that swings back and forth the linear beam spot 10 that width is L, and described linear beam spot projects surface of the work to be processed as reverberation; Wherein, the energy density p at the every bit place in formed hot spot and the laser output power f of this some place, scan rate of vibrating mirror v
b, working table movement speed v
tconstituting-functions relation, its function expression is:
In formula (1), p (x, y) is in hot spot, certain puts desired energy density; F (x, y) is the power output at this some place laser instrument 3; V (x, y) is the movement velocity with respect to workpiece at this some place light beam projecting, and its v (x, y) size is scan rate of vibrating mirror v
bwith working table movement speed v
tvector, that is:
Meeting under the prerequisite of desired functional relation in formula (1), for the spot energy distribution stability of characteristics that dynamic scan is obtained, the time that galvanometer completes the track while scan in 1 cycle is less than or equal to 0.02 second.
The special device that embodiment 2 builds according to the Laser Processing hot spot control method described in embodiment 1, comprise controller 1, motor driver 2, motor 3, first signal transmitter 4, secondary signal transmitter 5, motion workbench 6, laser instrument 7 and galvanometer 8, the driver module of described controller 1 is connected with the signal input part of motor driver 2, the signal output part of described motor driver 2 is connected with motor 3, and the output shaft of described motor 3 and described motion workbench 6 are fixing; The swing control module of described controller 1 is connected with the signal input part of first signal transmitter 4, and the signal output part of described first signal transmitter 4 is connected with galvanometer 8; The power conditioning module of described controller 1 is connected with the signal input part of described secondary signal transmitter 5, and the signal output part of described secondary signal transmitter 5 is connected with described laser instrument 7.
Described controller 1 is PLC, computer, digital signal processor or single-chip microcomputer.
Described secondary signal transmitter 5 adopts the transmitter of transmitter, parallel communication digital interface or the serial communication digital interface of curtage analog signals interface.
Described galvanometer 8 is 1 dimension scanning galvanometer, 2 dimension scanning galvanometers or the scanning galvanometer device with auto-focus function.
Described motor 3 adopts AC servo motor or stepper motor.
Described first signal transmitter 4 adopts curtage analog quantity signal transducer, parallel communication digital interface or serial communication digital interface transmitter.
What preferably, controller of the present invention adopted is the controller that uses digital signal processor exploitation; What secondary signal transmitter adopted is voltage analog signal transmitting device; What galvanometer adopted is 1 dimension scanning galvanometer; Motor adopts stepper motor; What first signal transmitter adopted is voltage analog signal transmitting device.
Element functional description in legend is as follows: controller: the movement velocity of the power output of control laser instrument, the corner of galvanometer and speed, workbench;
Secondary signal transmitter: accept the control instruction of controller, and control instruction is converted to the receptible signal of telecommunication of laser instrument, regulate the laser output power of laser instrument;
Laser instrument: export the laser beam of corresponding power according to the driving signal of secondary signal transmitter, and laser beam is projected on the eyeglass of galvanometer;
Galvanometer: the reciprocally swinging by eyeglass by the point-like dot projection of laser instrument output to workpiece, the linear beam spot that to form width be L;
Broadband hot spot: the dynamic beam projection that the width forming on workpiece because laser beam swings is L;
Motion workbench: carrying workpiece, and move under the driving of motor;
Workpiece: the processed object that is subject to broadband hot spot heat effect;
Motor: the signal of telecommunication of accepting motor driver drives and moves, and drives working table movement;
Motor driver: the signal of telecommunication that the movement instruction of controller is converted to drive motors 8;
First signal transmitter: be the signal of telecommunication that drives galvanometer motion by the swing instruction transformation of controller.
In the time that centering steel surface carries out laser transformation hardening processing, wish that the case depth obtaining after processing is evenly distributed, traditional processing method is that the uniform broadband of the energy density distribution hot spot that adopts static optical shaping system to obtain is heat-treated, but owing to being subject to heated work pieces, at the different parts radiating condition of broadband hot spot, inconsistent (hot spot middle heat conduction of velocity is slow, and hot spot edge heat conduction velocity is fast), tend to cause hot spot middle part higher than the temperature at edge, it is large that middle heat is processed the degree of depth, and the little problem of the edge heat treatment degree of depth.
For adapting to the different condition of hot spot different parts heat conduction velocity, obtain the uniform heat treatment degree of depth, it be that middle part energy density is smaller that the beam energy adopting distributes, and edge energy density is bigger, and the energy-distributing feature of required broad band laser is as shown in Figure 2.
Control program is: adopt 1 dimension galvanometer to carry out the linear scan that width is L, and by discrete 1 scan period T be several time points (t
1, t
2, t
3t
n), calculate the galvanometer rotating speed (v on each time point corresponding with energy distribution curve in Fig. 2 according to formula 1
1, v
2, v
3v
n) and laser output power (p
1, p
2, p
3p
n), form galvanometer rotating speed, laser power and time map relation in 1 scan period, as shown in table 1.Work in-process, according to the control sequential relationship in table 1, exports corresponding galvanometer rotating speed, laser power in the different time points of scan period, obtains the hot spot of required Energy distribution characteristic, realizes the Uniform Control to laser broadband transformation hardening layer depth.
Table 1 galvanometer rotating speed, laser power and the output relation of time
| Time | t 1 | t 2 | t 3 | …… | t n-2 | t n-1 | t n |
| Galvanometer rotating speed | v 1 | v 2 | v 3 | …… | v n-2 | v n-1 | v n |
| Laser power | p 1 | p 2 | p 3 | …… | p n-2 | p n-1 | p n |
Content described in this description embodiment is only enumerating of way of realization to inventive concept; protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as only limiting to the concrete form that embodiment states, protection scope of the present invention also comprises that those skilled in the art conceive the equivalent technologies means that can expect according to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a Laser Processing hot spot control method, comprises the following steps:
1) workpiece to be processed is placed on motion workbench;
2) opening controller, the driver module of controller sends motion control instruction to motor driver, and the motor driver that receives motion control instruction drives and drives the workpiece being placed on motion workbench to be synchronized with the movement by motor movement; The swing control module of controller is sent swing instruction to first signal transmitter, controls the galvanometer being connected with first signal transmitter and makes corresponding swing; The power conditioning module of controller is to the instruction of secondary signal transmitter transmission power control, and the laser instrument that control is connected with secondary signal transmitter sends the laser of corresponding power;
3) laser beam of the point-like that laser instrument sends irradiates on galvanometer as incident light, forms by the laser beam of the vibration mirror reflected that swings back and forth the linear beam spot that width is L, and described linear beam spot projects surface of the work to be processed as reverberation; Wherein, the energy density p at the every bit place in formed hot spot and the laser output power f of this some place, scan rate of vibrating mirror v
b, working table movement speed v
tconstituting-functions relation, its function expression is:
In formula (1), p (x, y) is in hot spot, certain puts desired energy density; F (x, y) is the power output at this some place laser instrument; V (x, y) is the movement velocity with respect to workpiece at this some place light beam projecting, and its v (x, y) size is scan rate of vibrating mirror v
bwith working table movement speed v
tvector, that is:
Meeting under the prerequisite of desired functional relation in formula (1), the time that galvanometer completes the track while scan in 1 cycle is less than or equal to 0.02 second.
2. the special device building according to Laser Processing hot spot control method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise controller, motor driver, motor, first signal transmitter, secondary signal transmitter, motion workbench, laser instrument and galvanometer, the driver module of described controller is connected with the signal input part of motor driver, the signal output part of described motor driver is connected with motor, and the output shaft of described motor and described motion workbench are fixed; The swing control module of described controller is connected with the signal input part of first signal transmitter, and the signal output part of described first signal transmitter is connected with galvanometer; The power conditioning module of described controller is connected with the signal input part of described secondary signal transmitter, and the signal output part of described secondary signal transmitter is connected with described laser instrument.
3. special device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described controller is PLC, computer, digital signal processor or single-chip microcomputer.
4. special device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described secondary signal transmitter adopts the transmitter of transmitter, parallel communication digital interface or the serial communication digital interface of curtage analog signals interface.
5. special device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described galvanometer is 1 dimension scanning galvanometer, 2 dimension scanning galvanometers or the scanning galvanometer device with auto-focus function.
6. special device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described motor adopts AC servo motor or stepper motor.
7. special device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described first signal transmitter adopts curtage analog quantity signal transducer, parallel communication digital interface or serial communication digital interface transmitter.
8. the special device as described in claim 1～7 any one claim, is characterized in that: what described controller adopted is the controller that uses digital signal processor exploitation; What secondary signal transmitter adopted is voltage analog signal transmitting device; What galvanometer adopted is 1 dimension scanning galvanometer; Motor adopts stepper motor; What first signal transmitter adopted is voltage analog signal transmitting device.
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| CN106881525A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-23 | 新代科技股份有限公司 | Laser Processing control system and its control method |
| CN109088302A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-25 | 深圳市深视智能科技有限公司 | The control method and device of laser output energy |
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