CN103814649A - Method for improving farmland soil environment capacity - Google Patents
Method for improving farmland soil environment capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814649A CN103814649A CN201410074339.6A CN201410074339A CN103814649A CN 103814649 A CN103814649 A CN 103814649A CN 201410074339 A CN201410074339 A CN 201410074339A CN 103814649 A CN103814649 A CN 103814649A
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention mainly provides a method for improving the farmland soil environment capacity by combining with the current severe situation of the farmland soil. The method is used for enhancing the self cleaning capacity of the farmland soil, lowering harm on crops by various pollutants (organic matters and heavy metal) in the farmland soil and lowering the adsorption on soil harmful substance by the crops so as to lower the index to the human body health risk by the soil harmful substance. The method is suitable for farmland soils around pollution sources, such as various chemical plants, insecticide factories, electroplate factories and chemical fertilizer plants to prevent various pollutants from invading, the yield of the crop is improved, and the quality of the crop is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of environment protection, particularly relate to a kind of method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity.
Background technology
Current; more and more be subject to people's attention at city environmental protection; when environmental pollution is progressively controlled; Rural Environmental Problem is but more and more outstanding; various pollutions and ecological weave in; affect rural population life, threatened their health, brought serious pollution to farmland, rural area simultaneously.The farmland pollution that rural activity produces refers to that agricultural sector, in the processes such as fertilising, irrigation, has added some harmful substance or made some intrinsic content of material too high in soil, and its pollutional load has exceeded the capacity that bears of soil.It can make the physicochemical property of soil degenerate on the one hand, and fertility declines, and affects the growth of crop; Some noxious material is absorbed by crops on the other hand, residues in cane and the particle of crop, affects human and livestock health by food chain, thereby soil use value is reduced or lose.Along with expanding economy, the mankind's comings and goings is also increasing the weight of the pollution in farmland, causes life in the countryside environment increasingly to worsen, and agricultural and production environment thereof are seriously polluted, thereby finally affects the quality and benefits of agricultural production." China's quality of rice security status and development countermeasure research " according to China Paddy Rice Inst and the issue in 2010 of Ministry of Agriculture's rice and quality of item supervision and inspection center claims, the arable land of China 1/5 has been subject to heavy metal pollution, and wherein the arable land of cadmium pollution relates to 11 and economizes 25 areas.
The multiple elements such as soil quality and water, fertilizer, gas are closely bound up, and you can regard a kind of quasi-life body as it, and it equally also needs care.From present case, the soil of China faces " seriously overdraw ".And farmland day by day reduces and become present situation, to the end of the year 2012, plough and approach the red line of 1,800,000,000 mu.
Summary of the invention
In conjunction with the current severe situation of agricultural land soil, the present invention is mainly to provide a kind of method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity, for strengthening the self-purification capacity of agricultural land soil, the harm of the various pollutants (organic matter, heavy metal) in reduction agricultural land soil to crops; Reduce the absorption of crops to soil harmful substance, thereby reduced its index to human health risk.
Soil environment capacity refers to maximum quantity or the load of the pollutant of soil environment containing that allow unit.Soil environment capacity is actually the difference of soil pollution initial value and maximal workload.If the maximum tolerance limit value using soil environment standard as soil environment capacity, the calculated value of the environmental capacity of this soil, soil environment standard value (or background values), it is the basic capacity of above-mentioned soil environment, the dead volume that is referred to as soil environment having, is equivalent to the basic capacity of soil environment.
Although the dead volume of soil environment has reflected the maximum capacity that ecological effects is allowed, but not yet consideration and self-purification and shock-absorbing capacity with respect to soil environment, also be that xenobiotic pollutants enters in the accumulation after soil, also to be subject to impact and the restriction of soil environment geochemical background and Transport And Transformation process, as the input of pollutant and output, adsorption and desorption, fixing with dissolve, accumulation and degrading etc., these processes are all in dynamic change, and its result can affect the maximum capacity of pollutant in soil environment.Thereby current environment educational circles thinks, soil environment capacity should be the purge amount that dead volume adds this part soil, is only whole environmental capacities of soil or the visibly moved amount of soil.
Because soil environment static capacity is substantially quite fixing under existence conditions, the amplitude that it is promoted is less, and the present invention is mainly for promoting in soil environment dynamic capacity, promotes self detergent power of soil.
The factor that affects soil environment catharsis mainly contains following factors:
(1) material of soil environment composition
The material composition of soil environment mainly comprises the chemical composition of the kind of quality, the soil organic matter of soil mineral part and quantity, soil.
(2) soil environment condition
Soil environment condition mainly comprises water, the heat condition etc. of the pH of soil and Eh condition, soil.
(3) biological property of soil environment
The biological property of soil environment refers to kind and the number change of Vegetation and soil biology (microorganism and animal) fauna.They be in soil environment the absorption of pollutant fix, the main force of biological degradation, Transport And Transformation, be the deciding factor that soil organisms purifies.
(4) impact of mankind's activity
Mankind's activity is also the key factor that affects soil decontamination, as chronic administration chemical fertilizer can cause soil acidification and reduce the purifying property of soil; Liming can improve the purifying property to heavy metal; Organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matter content, improves purification capacity of soil.
For soil environment dynamic capacity is promoted, need to adjust the factor that affects purification capacity of soil, purification capacity of soil is promoted.According to soil decontamination mechanism, be generally divided into the methods such as physical cleaning, physico-chemical purification, chemical cleaning method, biological cleaning.The present invention is in conjunction with China's soil status, the farmland that maybe may be polluted for untainted farmland is administered, promote the auto purification ability in farmland, through a series of physics, chemistry and biochemical reaction process, accelerate degraded to there are various pollutants, stable, reduce its concentration or change its form, thus destroy contaminants toxicity, reduce the harm of pollutant to crops, effectively stop pollutant to affect human health by food chain.
A method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity, comprises the following steps:
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to the agricultural land soil processing of deep plough, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25-50cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add organic matter, chelate sorbent, cation-exchanger, microbial activity promoter, soil structure conditioning agent, pH adjusting agent, control bulk density of soil 0.9-1.1g/cm
3, pH value 6.5-7.5, cation exchange capacity > 20cmol/100g, organic > 40g/kg, water soluble salt total amount≤3g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery to agricultural land soil processings of again deep ploughing, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25-50cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
To the agricultural land soil processing of deep ploughing, deep ploughing severity control is between 25-50cm.By deep ploughing, can strengthen the gas permeability of soil, thereby improve the available nutrient in soil; Be conducive to eliminate weeds and damage by disease and insect; Promote root system development, increase the output of crops; Can subsoil application, be conducive to progressively slaking lower soil, increase Root Absorption nutrition scope.
Increase the content of organic matter of agricultural land soil.Improve soil organic matter content, can impel upper soll layer slaking, accelerate formation, accumulation and the raising of soil with organic matter, and can increase soil aggregate, provide tilth to a soil, impel the formation of topsoil.Wherein, can have as improving organic fertilizer: green manure, muck, barnyard manure, compost, make compost, cake fertilizer, silkworm excrement, fish guano, river silt, pond sludge, organic manure.Organic consumption is every mu of 50-100kg.
Promote the chelating suction-operated to heavy metal.Main by adding humus, the chelating suction-operated of cellulose lifting agricultural land soil to heavy metal, effectively reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal.Chelate sorbent can form complexing of metal ion (chelating) thing with certain degree of stability with many kinds of metal ions.Chelate sorbent consumption is every mu of 50-150kg.
Microbial activity promoter is compound amino acid.In soil, adding microbial activity promoter, can promote the growth of microorganism, utilize the method for biological transformation or degraded to remove or eliminate hazardous contaminant, is to improve the effective method of environmental quality.Utilize the effects such as biological absorption, enrichment, metabolism that pollutant is transformed or be degraded to even utility of innocuous substance, thereby remove or eliminate the environmental pollution that may exist.Microbial activity accelerator dosage is every mu of 20-50kg.
Cation-exchanger is at least one in bentonite, zeolite, montmorillonite.Cation-exchanger consumption is every mu of 30-80kg.
Soil structure conditioning agent is at least one in hydroxyapatite, diatomite, sepiolite, attapulgite.Soil structure conditioning agent consumption is every mu of 20-50kg.
Cation-exchanger and soil structure conditioning agent can be broken soil compaction, chesson, the raising gas permeability of soil, reduce the bulk density of soil, promote soil microbial activities, strengthen soil rich water penetration; There is improvement soil, administer desert. water conservation drought resisting, strengthen disease-resistant crops ability, improve crop yield, improve quality, recover the functions such as crops original ecological, increase substantially survival rate and the agricultural output of crops; Improve agriculture and forestry product quality, recover the natural style and features of crops.
Zeolite is the hydrated aluminium silicates crystal of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, contains a large amount of three-dimensional crystalline structures, has unique molecular structure and very strong ion-exchange capacity, thereby adsorbs the validity that reduces heavy metal in soil by ion exchange.The industrial minerals such as bentonite have larger inside and outside surface and stronger adsorption capacity, can with soil in heavy metal ion generation exchange interaction, the heavy metal in fixing soil, prevents its migration.Mineral attapulgite be a kind of have layer chain crystal structure containing Shuifu County's magnesium silicate crystal.The particle of this crystal is very tiny, and has the asymmetric profile of needle bar shape, shows good colloidal property, Adsorption of Heavy Metals.
Agricultural land soil is carried out to pH adjusting, and pH is controlled between 6.5-7.5.Soil pH is too high too low, all can reduce the validity of soil phophorus.The PH scope that suitable crop absorbs phosphorus element is 6.5-7.5.Soil pH affects the validity of soil trace element to a great extent, and when soil pH is lower, the solvability of Iron in Soil, manganese, zinc, copper is larger, and effective dose is higher, and its average effective content is all more than critical value, and iron, manganese are particularly like this.In the time that soil pH is greater than 8.0, many soil there will be manganese deficiency, lacks the phenomenon of copper, and effective content approaches critical value, even below critical value.Improve soil pH and mainly utilize lime, flyash.Reduce soil pH and mainly utilize gypsum, ferrous sulfate, Cosan, acid weathered coal, diammonium phosphate or superphosphate.
The method of the invention, the agricultural land soil that is applicable to the pollution source peripheries such as all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory prevents the erosion of each pollutant, improves crop yield, promotes crops quality.
Through the soil of administering, can effectively improve the environmental capacity of soil, strengthen the resistivity of soil to pollutant, remove or eliminate the environmental pollution that may exist, reduce murder by poisoning crops being caused by pollutant; Improve the available nutrient in soil simultaneously, promoted root system development, increased substantially survival rate and the agricultural output of crops; Improve agriculture and forestry product quality, recover the natural style and features of crops.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Choose at random 1 mu of domestic acid farmland of Nearctic, changzhou as sample plot, its soil environment capacity is promoted to operation.
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to the agricultural land soil processing of deep plough, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add green manure 10kg, muck 20kg, barnyard manure 20kg, humus 30kg, cellulose 20kg, bentonite 20kg, zeolite 10kg, compound amino acid 20kg, hydroxyapatite 10kg, diatomite 10kg, lime 10kg, flyash 15kg, control bulk density of soil 0.9g/cm
3, pH value 6.5, cation exchange capacity 30cmol/100g, organic 60g/kg, water soluble salt total amount 3g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery to agricultural land soil processings of again deep ploughing, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
Agricultural land soil after administering, its environmental capacity increases by 50%, can effectively resist the impact that the issuable pollutants of pollution source such as around all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory cause it; Meanwhile, crop yield increases by 10%.
Embodiment 2
Choose at random 1 mu of domestic basic farmland of Nearctic, changzhou as sample plot, its soil environment capacity is promoted to operation.
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to the agricultural land soil processing of deep plough, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 50cm;
2) to adding barnyard manure 30kg, compost 40kg in agricultural land soil, make compost 30kg, cellulose 100kg, zeolite 40kg, montmorillonite 40kg, compound amino acid 50kg, sepiolite 30kg, attapulgite 20kg, ferrous sulfate 10kg, Cosan 3kg, acid weathered coal 5kg, control bulk density of soil 1.1g/cm
3, pH value 7.5, cation exchange capacity 50cmol/100g, organic 50g/kg, water soluble salt total amount 2g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery to agricultural land soil processings of again deep ploughing, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 50cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
Agricultural land soil after administering, its environmental capacity increases by 100%, can effectively resist the impact that the issuable pollutants of pollution source such as around all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory cause it; Meanwhile, crop yield increases by 10%.
Embodiment 3
Choose at random 1 mu of domestic basic farmland of Nearctic, changzhou as sample plot, its soil environment capacity is promoted to operation.
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to the agricultural land soil processing of deep plough, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 35cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add river silt 30kg, pond sludge 20kg, organic manure 20kg, cellulose 70kg, bentonite 30kg, zeolite 20kg, compound amino acid 40kg, sepiolite 20kg, hydroxyapatite 15kg, ferrous sulfate 5kg, diammonium phosphate 5kg, superphosphate 3kg, control bulk density of soil 1g/cm
3, pH value 7, cation exchange capacity 60cmol/100g, organic 50g/kg, water soluble salt total amount 3g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery to agricultural land soil processings of again deep ploughing, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 35cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
Agricultural land soil after administering, its environmental capacity increases by 80%, can effectively resist the impact that the issuable pollutants of pollution source such as around all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory cause it; Meanwhile, crop yield increases by 30%.
Claims (8)
1. a method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to the agricultural land soil processing of deep plough, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25-50cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add organic matter, chelate sorbent, cation-exchanger, microbial activity promoter, soil structure conditioning agent, pH adjusting agent, control bulk density of soil 0.9-1.1g/cm
3, pH value 6.5-7.5, cation exchange capacity > 20cmol/100g, organic > 40g/kg, water soluble salt total amount≤3g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery to agricultural land soil processings of again deep ploughing, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25-50cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
2. a kind of method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2) in organic matter be green manure, muck, barnyard manure, compost, make compost, at least one in cake fertilizer, silkworm excrement, fish guano, river silt, pond sludge, organic manure, its consumption is every mu of 50-100kg.
3. a kind of method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) in chelate sorbent be at least one in humus, cellulose, its consumption is every mu of 50-150kg.
4. a kind of method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) in microbial activity promoter be compound amino acid, its consumption is every mu of 20-50kg.
5. a kind of method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) in cation-exchanger be at least one in bentonite, zeolite, montmorillonite, its consumption is every mu of 30-80kg.
6. a kind of method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2) in soil structure conditioning agent be at least one in hydroxyapatite, diatomite, sepiolite, attapulgite, its consumption is every mu of 20-50kg.
7. a kind of method that promotes agricultural land soil environmental capacity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 2) in pH adjusting agent be at least one in lime, flyash, gypsum, ferrous sulfate, Cosan, acid weathered coal, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate; Wherein improve soil pH and mainly utilize lime, flyash.
8. reduce soil pH and mainly utilize gypsum, ferrous sulfate, Cosan, acid weathered coal, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate.
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