CN103808487A - 一种测量并计算风蚀模型的方法 - Google Patents

一种测量并计算风蚀模型的方法 Download PDF

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CN103808487A
CN103808487A CN201410076376.0A CN201410076376A CN103808487A CN 103808487 A CN103808487 A CN 103808487A CN 201410076376 A CN201410076376 A CN 201410076376A CN 103808487 A CN103808487 A CN 103808487A
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erosion model
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冯仲科
樊仲谋
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种测量并计算风蚀模型的方法,其特征是:测量并记录目标区域一天内的风力变化和风向变化,在目标区域周围铺设5米宽的塑料薄膜缓冲带用以收集和测量因风力造成的流失土壤质量及平均土壤粒径。将所测数据带入简易风蚀模型并计算参数。

Description

一种测量并计算风蚀模型的方法
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种测量并计算风蚀模型的方法,其特征是:测量风力、风向、流失土壤质量、平均土壤粒径等因子,通过简易风蚀模型计算参数。
二、技术背景
土壤风蚀是一个全球性的环境问题,是干旱和半干旱地区形成风沙流、沙漠化与沙尘暴的首要原因。风蚀灾害给大气环境、农业、林业、社会发展、经济建设及人民生命财产和健康带来严重不利影响。
风蚀量的监测与估算一直以来都是风蚀研究领域的热点与重点。土壤风蚀模型是定量评价土壤风蚀量动态变化、指导防止土壤风蚀实践与综合治理以及进行水土保持生态效益评价的重要工具。土壤风蚀的形成与发展受到多种因子的影响和制约,因此风蚀模型的建立需要用到风速、风力的气象因子,土壤含水量、地表粗糙度、土壤质地、土壤结层、植被覆盖以及土地利用等地表下垫面相关资料。通过土壤风蚀模型的确定可以定量化评价和研究土壤风蚀量。
因此,开展土壤风蚀监测的相关研究,不仅可为有效防治土壤风蚀及风沙灾害提供技术支撑,而且对于改善局部地区乃至全国的生态环境,实现经济、社会的可持续发展意义重大。
三、发明内容
首先,在目标区域周围铺设5米宽的塑料薄膜缓冲带,用以收集和测量因风力造成的流失土壤,测量缓冲带内流失土壤的质量及平均土壤粒径,与此同时,测量并记录目标区域一天内的风力变化和风向变化。然后,将所测数据带入简易风蚀模型并计算参数(该简易风蚀模型如下式所示),最终即可得到风蚀模型。
M = aS Σ j = 1 [ T j · exp { b + cU j 0.5 } ]
式中:M为流失土壤质量(g)
S为平均土壤粒径(cm)
Uj是大于临界风速的第j级风速(M/s)
Tj为观测天里风速为Uj的累计时间(min)
a、b、c为参数
四、具体实施方式:
具体实施方式如下:
步骤1:在研究区域周围铺设5米宽的塑料膜缓冲带,用以收集和测量因风力造成的流失土壤;
步骤2:测量缓冲带内积留的流失土壤的质量及平均土壤粒径;
步骤3:观测并记录测量时段内大于临界风速的各级风速,并记录该级风速下的累计时间;
步骤4:将所测数据带入简易风蚀模型并计算参数,最终得到风蚀模型。

Claims (2)

1.一种测量并计算风蚀模型的方法,其特征是:测量并记录目标区域一天内的风力变化和风向变化,在目标区域周围铺设5米宽的塑料薄膜缓冲带用以收集和测量因风力造成的流失土壤质量及平均土壤粒径。将所测数据带入简易风蚀模型并计算参数。 
2.一种权利要求1中所提到的简易风蚀模型,其形式为: 
Figure FSA0000101615970000011
式中:M为流失土壤质量(g) 
S为平均土壤粒径(cm) 
Uj是大于临界风速的第j级风速(M/s) 
Tj为观测天里风速为Uj的累计时间(min) 
a、b、c为参数 。
CN201410076376.0A 2014-03-04 2014-03-04 一种测量并计算风蚀模型的方法 Pending CN103808487A (zh)

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CN106813892A (zh) * 2017-01-22 2017-06-09 北京师范大学 一种土壤风蚀圈内土壤风蚀量的测量方法
CN107145848A (zh) * 2017-04-27 2017-09-08 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 一种基于遥感数据的土壤风力侵蚀监测方法及系统

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CN106768821A (zh) * 2017-01-22 2017-05-31 北京师范大学 一种地块内土壤风蚀量的测量方法
CN106813892A (zh) * 2017-01-22 2017-06-09 北京师范大学 一种土壤风蚀圈内土壤风蚀量的测量方法
CN107145848A (zh) * 2017-04-27 2017-09-08 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 一种基于遥感数据的土壤风力侵蚀监测方法及系统
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