CN103805157A - 超分子生物聚合物压裂液 - Google Patents

超分子生物聚合物压裂液 Download PDF

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CN103805157A
CN103805157A CN201410075706.4A CN201410075706A CN103805157A CN 103805157 A CN103805157 A CN 103805157A CN 201410075706 A CN201410075706 A CN 201410075706A CN 103805157 A CN103805157 A CN 103805157A
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余芳
徐克彬
曾昊
王中泽
周涛
陈清
王航
张鹏
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CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超分子生物聚合物压裂液,由0.05~0.1wt%的发酵黄原胶、0.1~0.5wt%的聚丙烯酰胺、0.05~0.5wt%的生物胶、2wt%的卤化碱金属类盐、0.01wt%的杀菌剂、0.03~0.05wt%的破胶剂和余量水混合制备而成;其中发酵黄原胶是将玉米淀粉、鱼粉和豆饼粉混入野油菜黄单胞杆菌进行发酵制得的;生物胶为黄原胶、胍胶和羧甲基纤维素中的任意一种或三者的混合物;杀菌剂为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵或十八烷基三甲基溴化铵或两者的混合物;破胶剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钠。该超分子生物聚合物压裂液具有显著的增粘性、耐盐性、抗剪切能力及长期稳定性。

Description

超分子生物聚合物压裂液
技术领域
本发明涉及石油天然气开发技术领域,特别是涉及一种超分子生物聚合物压裂液。
背景技术
目前使用的压裂液主要类型有天然植物胶压裂液、纤维素压裂液、合成聚合物压裂液、粘弹性表面活性剂、清洁压裂液、泡沫压裂液、活性水压裂液等几种。存在的主要问题是:瓜胶、纤维素压裂液和粘弹性表面活性剂压裂液成本高、货源紧张,且其配液过程对水质要求高、现场施工配液需要时间长;煤层吸附量大对储层伤害严重;活性水压裂液造缝效率低、携砂能力差、开发产能低;泡沫压裂液施工设备复杂且昂贵,施工成本高等诸多问题。
特别对于煤层气井,由于其特殊的压裂难点如吸附量大储层易被伤害、天然裂缝多、滤失严重、杨氏模量低、泊松比大、压裂时不易造长缝,煤层的低压、低温状态,压裂液破胶和返排困难等。煤层气井对压裂液的要求更高,急需一种针对性强的提高煤层气增产改造效果的压裂液。要求摩阻小、造缝效率高、携砂能力强、原料来源广、成本低、应用剂量大、使用方便、配液工艺简单易行、对水质要求低、残液对储层伤害小、易返排,才能够满足煤层气市场及低渗透性储层的高效开发。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种超分子生物聚合物压裂液。该超分子生物聚合物压裂液具有显著的增粘性、耐盐性、抗剪切能力及长期稳定性。
为此,本发明的技术方案为:
一种超分子生物聚合物压裂液,由以下物质混合制备而成:
Figure BDA0000472387670000021
余量为水;
所述发酵黄原胶经下列步骤制得:①将玉米淀粉、鱼粉和豆饼粉按照质量比2.5~3.5:1:1混合均匀得到基料;②调节所述基料的pH值为6.5~7.5;③向所述基料中加入占其质量4.5~6%的天然油脂类消泡剂,并混入野油菜黄单胞杆菌进行好氧深层发酵,直至得到发酵液中多糖含量为22.5g/L~27.5g/L,即得黄原胶发酵液;其中,所述野油菜黄单胞杆菌在所述基料中的含量为18~21g/L;④分多次向所述黄原胶发酵液中加入钙盐并混合均匀,使所述钙盐在黄原胶发酵液中的含量维持在12.5g/L~17.5g/L;然后加入NaOH,使所述NaOH在黄原胶发酵液中的含量为7.5~8.5g/L,搅拌、形成黄原胶钙盐复合沉淀物;⑤收集所述黄原胶钙盐复合沉淀物,并将其脱水、打碎成块状物,得到黄原胶钙盐复合块;⑥将所述黄原胶钙盐复合块溶于乙醇中得到混合液,所述混合液中乙醇含量为500±5g/L;用HCl调节混合液的pH值为1.5~2.0,搅拌、过滤或离心后得到黄原胶沉淀物;⑦将所述黄原胶沉淀物溶于乙醇中形成黄原胶溶液,所述黄原胶溶液中乙醇含量为500g/L±2.5g/L,调节所述黄原胶溶液为中性,然后经过滤或离心,在65℃下烘干2~3h、粉碎、过60目筛即得所述发酵黄原胶。
所述生物胶为黄原胶、胍胶和羧甲基纤维素中的任意一种或黄原胶、胍胶与羧甲基纤维素以质量比0.5~1:1~2:1~2混合后得到的混合物;
所述杀菌剂为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵或十八烷基三甲基溴化铵或十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与十八烷基三甲基溴化铵以质量比1~1.5:0.5~1混合后得到的混合物;
所述破胶剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钠。
所述聚丙烯酰胺的分子量为100~200万,其制备过程如下:
1)将丙烯酰胺溶于去离子水中,配制成25wt%的丙烯酰胺溶液,并调节其pH值为8.5~9.5,得到原液;
2)向所述原液中分别加入占所述丙烯酰胺质量0.025%的过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠;然后再在45~50℃条件下加入占所述丙烯酰胺质量0.05%的2,2’-偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐,在氮气氛围保护下反应2~4h,得到反应产物;
3)将所述反应产物在65℃~72℃烘干、粉碎,即得所述分子量为100~200万的聚丙烯酰胺。
所述钙盐为Ca(OH)2或CaCl2
所述卤化碱金属类盐为NaCl、KCl或NaBr。
制备所述发酵黄原胶的步骤②调节基料pH值时选用碳酸钙、石膏粉或碳酸钠。
该超分子生物聚合物压裂液具有显著的增粘性、耐盐性、抗剪切能力及长期稳定性;因其溶解性好、无水不溶物、无残渣、低摩阻、携砂性能强、低伤害等特点,比较适合低压、低渗等复杂地层油藏的压裂改造。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例1
将2.0gKCl和0.03g过硫酸铵溶于100mL蒸馏水中,再向其中加入0.01g杀菌剂十八烷基三甲基溴化铵,随后加入0.05g发酵黄原胶,0.1g聚丙烯酰胺和0.05g黄原胶,搅拌使各种组分充分溶解,待溶液混合均匀为粘稠溶液时即制得所述超分子生物聚合物压裂液。
该实施例制得的超分子生物聚合物压裂液适用于100℃及以下的中低温煤层气井、致密气井或油井。
实施例2
将2.0gKCl和0.04g过硫酸铵溶于100mL蒸馏水中,再向其中加入0.01g杀菌剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵,随后加入0.08g发酵黄原胶,0.2g聚丙烯酰胺和0.5g羧甲基纤维素,搅拌使各种组分充分溶解,待溶液混合均匀为粘稠溶液时即制得所述超分子生物聚合物压裂液。
该实施例制得的超分子生物聚合物压裂液适用于100℃~120℃中高温碳酸盐岩或砂岩油井。
实施例3
将2.0gKCl、0.04g过硫酸钠溶于100mL蒸馏水中,再向其中加入0.01g杀菌剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵,随后加入0.08g发酵黄原胶,0.2g聚丙烯酰胺和0.5g胍胶,搅拌使各种组分充分溶解,待溶液混合均匀为粘稠溶液时即制得所述超分子生物聚合物压裂液。
该实施例制得的超分子生物聚合物压裂液适用于100~120℃中高温碳酸盐岩油井。
实施例4
将2.0gKCl、0.02g过硫酸铵溶于100mL蒸馏水中,再向其中加入0.006g十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和0.004g十八烷基三甲基溴化铵,随后加入0.1g发酵黄原胶,0.4g聚丙烯酰胺,0.1g黄原胶,0.2g羧甲基纤维素和0.2g胍胶,搅拌使各种组分充分溶解,待溶液混合均匀为粘稠溶液时即制得所述超分子生物聚合物压裂液。
该实施例制得的超分子生物聚合物压裂液适用于120℃~150℃高温碳酸盐岩或砂岩油井。
实施例1~4中的发酵黄原胶、聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法如下:
发酵黄原胶
①将玉米淀粉、鱼粉和豆饼粉按照质量比50:15:15混合均匀得到基料;
②用CaCO3调节所述基料的pH值为6.5~7.5;
③向所述基料中加入占其质量5%的天然油脂类消泡剂,并混入野油菜黄单胞杆菌进行好氧深层发酵,直至得到发酵液中多糖含量为22.5g/L~27.5g/L,即得黄原胶发酵液;其中,所述野油菜黄单胞杆菌在所述基料中的含量为18~21g/L;发酵温度为28℃,控制通风比为1:0.5。发酵时间大约为72h左右。
④分多次向所述黄原胶发酵液中加入钙盐,如Ca(OH)2或CaCl2,并混合均匀,使所述钙盐在黄原胶发酵液中的含量维持在15g/L;然后加入NaOH,使所述NaOH在黄原胶发酵液中的含量为8g/L,搅拌、形成黄原胶钙盐复合沉淀物;
⑤收集所述黄原胶钙盐复合沉淀物,并将其脱水、打碎成块状物,得到黄原胶钙盐复合块;
⑥将所述黄原胶钙盐复合块溶于乙醇中得到混合液,所述混合液中乙醇含量为500±5g/L;用HCl调节混合液的pH值为1.5~2.0,搅拌、过滤或离心后得到黄原胶沉淀物;
⑦将所述黄原胶沉淀物溶于乙醇中形成黄原胶溶液,所述黄原胶溶液中乙醇含量为500g/L±2.5g/L,用NaOH调节所述黄原胶溶液为中性,然后经过滤或离心,在65℃下烘干2~3h、粉碎、过60目筛即得所述发酵黄原胶。
聚丙烯酰胺
1)将丙烯酰胺溶于去离子水中,配制成25wt%的丙烯酰胺溶液,并调节其pH值为8.5~9.5,得到原液;
2)向所述原液中分别加入占所述丙烯酰胺质量0.025%的过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠;然后再在45℃条件下加入占所述丙烯酰胺质量0.05%的2,2’-偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐,在氮气氛围保护下反应2~4h,得到反应产物;
3)将所述反应产物在70℃下烘干、粉碎,即得所述分子量为100~200万的聚丙烯酰胺。
本发明超分子生物聚合物压裂液具有以下优点:
1)耐盐;在高盐度下,仍保持其溶解性,不发生沉淀或絮凝,并且溶液的粘度不受影响,保质期长。将实施例1~4中制得的超分子生物聚合物压裂液在25℃条件下分别在10wt%KCl、10wt%CaCl2、5wt%Na2CO3溶液中存放90天,其粘度均几乎保持不变。
2)耐剪切;本发明制得的超分子生物聚合物压裂液在高剪切力作用下粘度虽然下降,但是分子结构不发生改变,当剪切力减小时(裂缝中),粘度即可恢复。
3)稠化剂增稠性能好,用量少,成本低。常温下,0.2%的超分子生物聚合物压裂液,表观粘度为15~21mPa·s,高于普通瓜胶的25%~65%,且为假塑性流体。
Figure BDA0000472387670000071
4)超分子生物聚合物分子间屈服能值高,分子链能自动缔合而形成超分子聚集体,液体悬砂能力强,0.75%超分子生物聚合物压裂液携砂60%,静止放置一个月,40~60目陶粒基本无沉降全被悬浮。适宜于低浓度大规模加砂压裂工艺。
5)压裂液不含水不溶物,自带破胶剂,破胶剂直接混合于压裂液,无残渣,在储层中接受温度自动破胶,破胶粘度小于5mPa·s,表面张力≤26mN/m,界面张力≤1mN/m,易返排,对储层伤害极低。下表给出了本发明实施例1超分子生物聚合物压裂液在不同温度下的破胶性能参数。
Figure BDA0000472387670000072
6)具有良好的水溶性,配制便捷,施工工艺简便易行,可以即配即用,无需等待溶胀时间。
7)具有极强的降低摩阻能力,便于施工。
在排量350L/min,浓度0.45%时,本发明超分子生物聚合物压裂液的摩阻为清水的25.6%,JK101(瓜胶)为清水的50.2%。在高于250L/min的排量时,本发明超分子生物聚合物压裂液的摩阻系数随浓度的增加反而降低,其摩阻减少幅度更大。
试验液体与清水的降阻率计算式:DR=100%×(△P1-△P2)/△P1
式中:DR-降阻率,%;△P1、△P2-清水和试验液体摩阻。
8)该液体可分为非交联和交联两种胶体形式,便于选择。

Claims (5)

1.一种超分子生物聚合物压裂液,其特征在于:由以下物质混合制备而成:
Figure FDA0000472387660000011
余量为水;
所述发酵黄原胶经下列步骤制得:①将玉米淀粉、鱼粉和豆饼粉按照质量比2.5~3.5:1:1混合均匀得到基料;②调节所述基料的pH值为6.5~7.5;③向所述基料中加入占其质量4.5~6%的天然油脂类消泡剂,并混入野油菜黄单胞杆菌进行好氧深层发酵,直至得到发酵液中多糖含量为22.5g/L~27.5g/L,即得黄原胶发酵液;其中,所述野油菜黄单胞杆菌在所述基料中的含量为18~21g/L;④分多次向所述黄原胶发酵液中加入钙盐并混合均匀,使所述钙盐在黄原胶发酵液中的含量维持在12.5g/L~17.5g/L;然后加入NaOH,使所述NaOH在黄原胶发酵液中的含量为7.5~8.5g/L,搅拌、形成黄原胶钙盐复合沉淀物;⑤收集所述黄原胶钙盐复合沉淀物,并将其脱水、打碎成块状物,得到黄原胶钙盐复合块;⑥将所述黄原胶钙盐复合块溶于乙醇中得到混合液,所述混合液中乙醇含量为500±5g/L;用HCl调节混合液的pH值为1.5~2.0,搅拌、过滤或离心后得到黄原胶沉淀物;⑦将所述黄原胶沉淀物溶于乙醇中形成黄原胶溶液,所述黄原胶溶液中乙醇含量为500g/L±2.5g/L,调节所述黄原胶溶液为中性,然后经过滤或离心,在65℃下烘干2~3h、粉碎、过60目筛即得所述发酵黄原胶。
所述生物胶为黄原胶、胍胶和羧甲基纤维素中的任意一种或黄原胶、胍胶与羧甲基纤维素以质量比0.5~1:1~2:1~2混合后得到的混合物;
所述杀菌剂为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵或十八烷基三甲基溴化铵或十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与十八烷基三甲基溴化铵以质量比1~1.5:0.5~1混合后得到的混合物;
所述破胶剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钠。
2.如权利要求1所述的超分子生物聚合物压裂液,其特征在于:所述聚丙烯酰胺的分子量为100~200万,其制备过程如下:
1)将丙烯酰胺溶于去离子水中,配制成25wt%的丙烯酰胺溶液,并调节其pH值为8.5~9.5,得到原液;
2)向所述原液中分别加入占所述丙烯酰胺质量0.025%的过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠;然后再在45~50℃条件下加入占所述丙烯酰胺质量0.05%的2,2’-偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐,在氮气氛围保护下反应2~4h,得到反应产物;
3)将所述反应产物在65℃~72℃烘干、粉碎,即得所述分子量为100~200万的聚丙烯酰胺。
3.如权利要求1所述的超分子生物聚合物压裂液,其特征在于:所述钙盐为Ca(OH)2或CaCl2
4.如权利要求1所述的超分子生物聚合物压裂液,其特征在于:所述卤化碱金属类盐为NaCl、KCl或NaBr。
5.如权利要求1所述的超分子生物聚合物压裂液,其特征在于:制备所述发酵黄原胶的步骤②调节基料pH值时选用碳酸钙、石膏粉或碳酸钠。
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CN109705833A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-03 北京大德广源石油技术服务有限公司 高效活性超分子压裂液
CN115074105A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2022-09-20 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 页岩油勘探开发中储层的杀菌除硫化氢方法

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CN109705833A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-05-03 北京大德广源石油技术服务有限公司 高效活性超分子压裂液
CN115074105A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2022-09-20 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 页岩油勘探开发中储层的杀菌除硫化氢方法
CN115074105B (zh) * 2021-03-10 2024-04-30 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 页岩油勘探开发中储层的杀菌除硫化氢方法

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