CN103802039A - Concave curve surface superhard grinding material grinding wheel laser trimming device and method - Google Patents
Concave curve surface superhard grinding material grinding wheel laser trimming device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103802039A CN103802039A CN201410048837.3A CN201410048837A CN103802039A CN 103802039 A CN103802039 A CN 103802039A CN 201410048837 A CN201410048837 A CN 201410048837A CN 103802039 A CN103802039 A CN 103802039A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a concave curve surface superhard grinding material grinding wheel laser trimming device which comprises a computer (21), a laser controller (17), an adjusting Q fiber laser (18), a CCD laser displacement sensor (19), a laser ablation head (20) and a numerical control precision machine tool (22). The device is characterized in that the computer (21) controls the adjusting Q fiber laser (18) through the laser controller (17), the adjusting Q fiber laser (18) conducts laser light to the laser ablation head (20) through optical fibers, the computer (21) sends control signals, accordingly, the adjusting Q fiber laser (18) is controlled to send laser light through the laser controller (17), laser light is irradiated to a curve surface grinding wheel (1) to be trimmed through the laser ablation head (20), and trimming of the grinding wheel is completed. The requirement for a special curve surface of the concave curve surface grinding wheel is met, and the requirement for accuracy and high efficiency of grinding wheel trimming can be met.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the method for laser reconditioning emery wheel, relate in particular to a kind of concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device and method.
Background invention
Curved surface entity component Precision Machining mainly depends on the grinding of curved surface emery wheel, although conventional abrasive material emery wheel finishing property is good, shape retention is poor.Super-abrasive grinding wheel refers to cubic boron nitride and skive, and it has high hardness, and antiwear property is strong.Concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel is a kind of super-abrasive grinding wheel that has complex outline, shape retention is good, but because having high hardness, it cause finishing very difficult, in addition because sintering process is shunk, sintering finished error is large (1-2mm) very, after abrasion of grinding wheel, form error is also very large, therefore in dressing process, needs the material of removal a lot, in the urgent need to improving its dressing efficiency.In the processing of numerical control form grinder, the moulding of workpiece directly depends on the shape of emery wheel, when after abrasion of grinding wheel, should repair its shape in time, otherwise will cause manufacturing tolerance.Concave curved surface grinding performance depends on the surface characteristic of emery wheel to a great extent, its form accuracy and dimensional accuracy thereof directly affect the crudy of workpiece, therefore compare conventional abrasive material emery wheel, concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel form accuracy requires higher, and because concave curved surface emery wheel often has complicated shape, tradition machine finish instrument easily causes interference, thereby finishing difficulty.
The all effects based on power " very stiff and demanding " of tradition machine finish method (as turning method, extrusion, rolling process), therefore all there is critical defect, be that efficiency is extremely low, dressing tool loss is serious, mechanical damage is easily caused on abrasive particle surface, simultaneously the form error of dressing tool is easily rerun a movie to be trimmed on the working surface of concave curved surface emery wheel and is gone, and the emery wheel of different curved surfaces needs different dressing tools, and finishing cost is high.Although the method for trimming of the improved concave curved surface emery wheel of some Chinese scholars as: electric spark shaving method, electrolytic dressing method (ELID) etc. has overcome traditional dressing method deficiency in some aspects, but can not directly remove super-hard abrasive, more or less still have that efficiency is low, adaptability is narrow, dressing tool loss is large, unfriendly and be difficult to realize the shortcomings such as auto-control to environment, this has limited their further promotion and application.Therefore traditional machine finish method based on power is completely difficult to adapt to the finishing of concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel.And other more ripe electrolysis method finishing concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel only can carry out dressing at present, can not carry out shaping, the finishing of the above emery wheel of micro powder grade is difficult to be suitable for, more cannot meet the shaping requirement of concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel.
Laser reconditioning technology is as a kind of super-abrasive grinding wheel dressing technique contactless, based on pulse laser ablation thermomechanical effect, the direct effect of having avoided mechanical force with firmly contact, have that efficiency and precision are high, applicability is wide, need not change instrument, cost is low, environmentally friendly and easily be automated etc. comprises Mechanical Method and the incomparable advantage of special process method with other method for trimming, is a kind of advanced dressing technique that has development potentiality and broad prospect of application.
At present, laser reconditioning technology can be applied to some common parallel grinding wheels, but for the emery wheel that has certain curvature, compare the laser reconditioning of common parallel grinding wheel, concave curved surface crushing laser ablation head need to be offset certain angle and have the change in depth of certain limit, and therefore also nobody relates to concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser reconditioning at present.
Crushing is divided into shaping and two processes of dressing conventionally.Shaping is that wheel face is carried out to particulate removal, makes emery wheel reach the geometry of certain required precision; Dressing is the bonding agent of removing between abrasive particle, and making has certain chip space between abrasive particle, and abrasive particle is protruded outside bonding agent, forms cutting edge.
Traditional method for trimming of article concave curved surface emery wheel below.
Traditional Mechanical Method finishing concave curved surface emery wheel comprises: turning dressing method, extruding dressing method, diamond roller method, electric machining dressing method etc.These methods are the object that is used for reaching shaping of the power such as extruding, shearing to bonding agent and abrasive particle based on dressing tool mostly.
As shown in Figure 1, the turning dressing tool of turning finishing Fa ﹕ concave curved surface emery wheel 1 mainly uses diamond pen 2.Diamond pen 2 adopts powder metallurgy heat pressing process, matrix alloy wearability is good, intensity is high, diamond is firmly inlayed by alloy carcass, difficult drop-off, diamond particles is arranged in alloy substrate by certain requirement, easy to use do not need tough mill with overhaul, guarantee precision and the surface smoothness of processing parts, reduce product cost.To apply the most general method for trimming using diamond pen as cutter turning grinding wheels.Be arranged on diamond pen 2 on the knife rest of workbench 3 conventionally vertical and horizontal both direction each tilt approximately 5 °～15 ° ﹔ diamond pens 2 should repair lower than emery wheel axis 0.5～2 milli rice ﹐ with the contact point of concave curved surface emery wheel 1 time diamond pen 2 do uniform low speed feeding and move.Require the less ﹐ of surface roughness after grinding feed speed should lower ﹐ as the thick rough degree ﹐ finishing feed speed of table face that will reach Ra0.16～0.04 micron should be lower than 50 in the least m/min.Finishing total amount is generally 0.1 millimeter of Zuo You ﹐ of one side and back and forth repairs repeatedly.The cutting-in of slightly repairing is that 0.01～0.03 Hao meter ﹐ refine is less than 0.01 millimeter at every turn.Turning dressing method precision and efficiency are all higher, but finishing after wheel face level and smooth, cutting power is low.
As shown in Figure 2, when extruding finishing Fa ﹕ finishing, between squeezing roller 4 and concave curved surface emery wheel 1, there is no relative velocity, the rotation of squeezing roller 4 depends on concave curved surface emery wheel 1.The shape of concave curved surface emery wheel 1 is produced by the movement locus of squeezing roller 4.Squeezing roller 4 feedings until contact with emery wheel, make bonding agent break, come off by extruding, form chip space, and make abrasive particle surface collapse the micro-sword of broken formation.In the shaping finishing of skive, adopt extrusion technique, the squeezing roller 4 of conventional steel or carbide alloy.All require the squeezing roller 4 independent with for each shape.While adopting this method for trimming, forming tool often suffers very large wearing and tearing.Meanwhile, contact area causes greatly that cutting force is large, cutting temperature is high, system is expanded, thereby cause shape defect, and therefore finishing must be carried out outside grinding machine.In addition, the method all there are certain requirements abrasive species, granularity and bonding agent kind, intensity, makes it be unlikely to the abrasion resistance properties of emery wheel to produce injurious effects.
As shown in Figure 3, diamond roller trimming method: diamond roller 7 is to electroplate even, the densely covered diamond particles of one deck by galvanoplastic on steel substrate, carrys out trimming wheel by diamond particles.Diamond roller 7 rotates with certain rotating speed, produces grinding and spreading effect by the concave curved surface wheel face to High Rotation Speed, makes concave curved surface emery wheel 1 obtain the sharp working surface coincideing with roller profile.Concave curved surface emery wheel 1 turning work piece 6 of regrinding after being shaped, thus roller appearance profile and precision " are copied " on workpiece 6 by emery wheel, can improve the accuracy of form and position of workpiece 6 each profiles.The method has that burring machine is simple, precision is high, efficiency is high, good stability, life tools are long, be convenient to realize grinding automation, less demanding to operating personnel's technical merit, and diamond roller is manufactured complicated, and loss is large, high cost feature.
Disclosed on November 5th, 2003, publication number is " CN1453103A ", the patent of invention that denomination of invention is " the online method for trimming of form grinding emery wheel " discloses the online method for trimming of a kind of form grinding emery wheel, can be used for repairing concave curved surface emery wheel, it has solved, and method for trimming was long invalid process time in the past, the problem that grinding accuracy is too low, but still there is following problem in this technical scheme: and this device still adopts diamond roller trimming, can only be applicable to Gear Processing, spline machining.
As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, electric machining dressing method: electric machining dressing method is the application of a kind of special process method aspect 1 finishing of concave curved surface emery wheel.Electric machining dressing method can only be used for metal bonded wheel finishing, and conventional electric machining dressing method has the online dressing method of electrolysis (as shown in Figure 4), electric spark shaving method (as shown in Figure 5), the compound dressing method of electrolysis electric spark etc.On-line electrolytic dissolution finishing is the method for trimming that is specifically applied to metal bindnig agent extra hard abradant sand wheel.As shown in Figure 4, concave curved surface emery wheel 1 connects the positive pole of power supply 10 by brush 14, manufacture an electric conductivity according to the shape of concave curved surface emery wheel 1 good, the shaped electrode 9 that shape is relevant to concave curved surface emery wheel 1 profile connects the negative pole of power supply 10, between shaped electrode 9 and concave curved surface emery wheel 1 surface, there is certain gap, from nozzle 11, the grinding fluid with electrolysis of ejection enters behind this gap, under the effect of electric current, the metallic matrix of concave curved surface emery wheel 1 as anode by electrolysis, make the abrasive particle exposing surface in concave curved surface emery wheel 1, form certain height of protrusion and chip space, along with the carrying out of electrolytic process, form gradually one deck passivating film on concave curved surface emery wheel 1 surface, stop proceeding of electrolytic process, make emery wheel loss unlikely too fast.When after the abrasive wear on concave curved surface emery wheel 1 surface, passivating film is removed by workpiece material scraping, completes the further finishing of concave curved surface emery wheel 1 surface.As shown in Figure 5, graphite electrode 13 is arranged on numerical control table, NC table 16 by insulator 15, electric spark shaving method is to utilize the spark discharge of finishing power pulse to carry out the metallic bond of ablation concave curved surface wheel face, metallic bond corrosion is come off, to reach dressing purpose.The feature of electric spark shaving be operating force little, be suitable for minor diameter and the finishing of emery wheel as thin as a wafer.On-line electrolytic dissolution finishing is the method for trimming that is specifically applied to metal bindnig agent extra hard abradant sand wheel.Electric machining dressing method has that Dressing Force is little, dressing quality advantages of higher.But electrolytic dressing has special requirement to emery wheel: grinding wheel bond should have good electric conductivity and electrolysis performance; Oxide and the hydroxide of bonding agent element are non-conductive; Electric machining dressing method needs special truing electrode, power supply and electrolyte, and cost is relatively high, and only can carry out dressing, can not carry out shaping.
Serious for fear of the loss of Mechanical Method dressing tool, shaping difficulty, dressing effect is bad, and conventionally can reduce the hold of bonding agent to abrasive particle and can not obtain the shortcomings such as comparatively ideal wheel face topography and geomorphology, the high accuracy that can adopt laser reconditioning technology to realize concave curved surface emery wheel is repaired fast, adopt " cutter " of laser as trimming wheel, Mechanical Method is without dressing tool loss relatively, and the form error of the having avoided dressing instrument wheel face of rerunning a movie, need not change " cutter " for different emery wheels, also avoided the interference problem of machine finish method cutter.
For current laser trimming method, publication number is laser trimming method and the equipment that a kind of super-abrasive grinding wheel is provided in " laser finishing device for grinding wheel " patent of CN101642895A's " laser trimming method of super-abrasive grinding wheel " and publication number CN201455807U, what it adopted is that a kind of programme controlled method is repaired emery wheel, use laser displacement sensor scanning matching to form wheel face TP, and with computer in the desirable profile of predefined emery wheel compare, obtain the removal surplus of each point the best, thereby generate the control program of crushing, thereby by programme-control numerically control grinder and laser instrument, emery wheel is repaired.But the method has following shortcoming: scan and fit to wheel face TP with laser displacement sensor, computer need to be processed a large amount of data, and finishing once will detect emery wheel afterwards again, and wheel face TP data are upgraded, readjust finishing parameter, this all needs to consume a large amount of time, efficiency is low, and for concave curved surface emery wheel, sintering process is shunk, sintering finished error is large (1-2mm) very, after abrasion of grinding wheel, form error is also very large, therefore in dressing process, need the material of removal a lot, obviously the method can not meet the requirement of the efficient finishing of concave curved surface emery wheel.
Publication number be CN1586816A's " devices and methods therefor of continuous laser sharpening resin binder grinding wheel " adopt continuous laser to make bonding agent corrode and vaporization and abrasive particle is substantially unaffected, thereby reach the object of dressing.The method adopts continuous laser, poor controllability, and can not carry out shaping, more cannot meet the requirement of concave curved surface emery wheel curved surface.
Publication number be CN101190503A's " method of laser and mechanical finishing resin binding agent diamond abrasive wheel by combining " adopt a kind of compound dressing method, be in process, first to avoid " very stiff and demanding ", adopt the method for the laser ablation retrofit based on microcell heat effect to repair in advance, then adopt the Mechanical Method shaping with clear and definite point of a knife.The method is mainly or employing mechanical means that dressing efficiency is low, can not realize automation.
Publication number be CN103042468A's " a kind of method of thick finishing of skive " a kind of method of thick finishing of skive is provided, to solve the technical problem that current skive mechanical type dressing efficiency is extremely low, precision is low.But the method is the thick method for trimming of skive, can not finish trimming, finishing be common cylindrical grinding wheel, cannot meet the complex-curved requirement of concave curved surface emery wheel.
Publication number be CN102601735A, CN102601734A's " a kind of emery wheel sharpening machine " utilize the emery wheel sharpening machine that disposes laser instrument to carry out reconditioning to emery wheel, and then can control accurately by being arranged on controller on emery wheel sharpening machine the Cutting trajectory of laser beam, realize emery wheel is carried out to reconditioning.Because the method adopts tangential finishing, can only be to emery wheel dressing, can not dressing.
In existing document, in more than old people such as grade " application of the DSP closed-loop control system based on PS in laser reconditioning super-abrasive grinding wheel " and related article, be common parallel grinding wheel due to what repair; therefore the method for finishing is based on PSD triangulation method; realize in the time that emery wheel surface location to be trimmed is lower; corresponding output high level; Q-switch turn-offs; without giant-pulse Laser output, do not carry out ablation; In the time that surface location to be trimmed is higher, corresponding output low level, Q-switch is opened, and output giant-pulse laser carries out ablation to wheel face.Because curved surface emery wheel has complicated curved surface, can not be single than higher point low spot, therefore these method for trimming are obviously not suitable for concave curved surface emery wheel.
In addition, the people such as Kang Renkuan are in laser dressing technical research (" China Mechanical Engineering " the 11st the 5th phase of volume of super-abrasive grinding wheel, in May, 2000), utilize Nd:YAG solid pulse laser to carry out the test of laser dressing bronze binding agent and resinoid bond super-abrasive grinding wheel, the dressing loss of super hard abrasive is few, dressing efficiency is high, easily realizes automation, is a kind of up-and-coming emery wheel dressing technology.The left honest steady people of grade studies (" mechanical engineering " the 35th the 2nd phase of volume, in April, 1999) at the CO2 of skive pulse laser dressing, has studied by experiment the isoparametric impact of laser pulse frequency and dutycycle.The people such as Li Ying, in the research (" aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology " the 31st the 3rd phase of volume, December nineteen ninety-five) of laser dressing resinoid bond CBN emery wheel, adopt Nd:YAG100W laser instrument, have verified that Laser Dressing Process of Resinoid Bonded Wheel is feasible.The people such as Li Xiaotian are in experimental study (" aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology " the 35th the 6th phase of volume of Laser Dressing Process of Resinoid Bonded Wheel, in December, 1999), using pulsed YAG laser to carry out dressing experimental study to resin bond wheel, there is a suitable dressing parameter area in Laser Dressing Process of Resinoid Bonded Wheel.The people such as Wang Xuyue are in bronze binding agent Laser Dressing Diamond Grinding Wheel experimental study (" Journal of Dalian University of Technology Total " the 47th the 6th phase of volume, in November, 2007), bronze binding agent skive is carried out to dressing experimental study with YAG pulse laser, for improving laser dressing effect, the auxiliary method of blowing of intersecting is proposed, experimental study laser power density and the impact of defocusing amount on bonding agent removal effect.The people such as Chen Ming application in emery wheel dressing in laser technology (" manufacturing technology and lathe ", in September, 2000), employing is carried out dressing with YAG laser to emery wheel by experiment, the variation characteristics such as emery wheel dressing front and back abrasive particle projecting height and Effective grains' number are investigated, the different dressing effect relatively obtaining under different laser dressing parameters, proved that the dressing that laser technology is applied to resin bond wheel is feasible, the optimization of having pointed out laser dressing technological parameter is the assurance that obtains good dressing effect.Although above-mentioned experimental technique theoretical research has all obtained certain achievement, but finishing is all plain wheel, and finishing effect is not fine, for concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel, its complicated curved surface and greatly removal amount, this method obviously cannot meet the requirement of concave curved surface.
For fear of the shortcoming of traditional Mechanical Method, further excavate the advantage of laser reconditioning, meet the requirement of concave curved surface emery wheel, therefore need badly a kind of concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser trimming method is provided.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of grinding wheel dressing method that can avoid the inefficient shortcoming of traditional dressing method can meet again the complex-curved requirement of concave curved surface emery wheel.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to provide a kind of concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device, comprise: computer, laser controller, Q adjusting optical fiber laser, CCD laser displacement sensor, laser ablation head and numerically-controlled precise lathe, it is characterized in that: computer is by laser controller control Q adjusting optical fiber laser, Q adjusting optical fiber laser arrives laser ablation head by optical fiber by laser conduction, computer sends control signal, thereby send laser by laser controller control Q adjusting optical fiber laser, beat on concave curved surface emery wheel to be trimmed by laser ablation head, complete the finishing to concave curved surface emery wheel,
Computer control CCD laser displacement sensor scans concave curved surface emery wheel, determines the point that needs concave curved surface emery wheel to repair;
Computer control numerically-controlled precise lathe three-shaft linkage drives laser ablation head to repair concave curved surface emery wheel.
Further, laser ablation head comprises laser head, ablation head main body, condenser lens, condenser lens pressure ring, protection eyeglass, protection eyeglass pressure ring, coaxial valve, coaxial injection well, air inlet screwed hole and retaining thread hole, wherein, laser head and ablation head main body are matched in clearance, hold-down screw links together laser head and ablation head main body by retaining thread hole, condenser lens is placed on the boss of ablation head main body inside, condenser lens pressure ring is placed on condenser lens, protection eyeglass is placed on condenser lens pressure ring, by protecting eyeglass pressure ring by condenser lens, condenser lens pressure ring and protection eyeglass are fixed, by screw thread, coaxial valve is installed, coaxial valve is realized coaxial blowing function in laser ablation process by air inlet screwed hole and coaxial injection well.
Further, in the control system of computer, be preinstalled with the standard surface profile of concave curved surface emery wheel, and compare with the profile of CCD laser displacement sensor scanning, drive laser ablation head to repair concave curved surface emery wheel thereby control precision machine tool three-shaft linkage.
Further, in dressing process, concave curved surface emery wheel rotates with the slow-speed of revolution, and CCD laser displacement sensor sends and detects light and make the relative concave curved surface emery wheel of CCD laser displacement sensor have relative feeding to concave curved surface emery wheel.
Further, described concave curved surface grinding wheel speed is 1-2m/s; The focal length of described laser is 80mm-120mm, adopts the rear power density of focusing to reach and removes diamond power density threshold value 3 × 10
8the above high power density pulse laser of W/cm2.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for trimming of concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device, it is characterized in that:
Step 4: the coordinate position of CCD laser sensor is recorded in respectively in computer, opens CCD laser sensor 19, CCD laser sensor starts wheel face to scan;
In this step, CCD laser sensor fast detecting wheel face particle height, and export in real time measurement result, compare with the Grinding Wheel Topography curved surface corresponding points that are loaded into computer, judge whether this point needs to repair, if higher than standard emery wheel contour surface corresponding points, judging this point, certain some height value of wheel face needs finishing; Otherwise this point does not need finishing, sensor continues to detect;
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) because finishing " cutter " is laser, relatively Mechanical Method is without dressing tool loss, and avoided the form error of the dressing tool wheel face of rerunning a movie; And need not change " cutter " for different emery wheels, also avoid the interference problem of machine finish method cutter.
2) because this invention does not need to be scanned and fitted to wheel face TP by laser displacement sensor, but make full use of the high accuracy of numerically-controlled precise lathe and the high efficiency of computer software, the directly coordinate corresponding relation of Criterion emery wheel nominal contour each point and emery wheel to be trimmed, by laser displacement sensor, concave curved surface emery wheel is progressively scanned, compare with the corresponding points that are stored in the corresponding standard emery wheel nominal contour in computer, thereby judge whether this point needs finishing, can feed back in time finishing information, and laser frequency very high (50kHz-200kHz), therefore dressing efficiency is high,
3) this invention adopts computer control precise lathe by a three-shaft linkage control ablation Emission Lasers, due to precision and the flexibility of precision machine tool, laser can not have dead angle in any direction, any angle is beaten on concave curved surface emery wheel, realize the ablation of normal direction accurately of concave curved surface emery wheel, therefore both met the specific (special) requirements of concave curved surface emery wheel, can realize again the fast of crushing, standard, ruthless.
4) carry out the control of laser processing beam by the motion of computer software control workbench and precision machine tool due to this equipment, therefore simple operation, has realized the automatic control of finishing.
5) in addition, compare other method for trimming, for example: the online dressing method of electrolysis (ELID), online spark discharge dressing method, expulsion pressure dressing method, magnetic grind erosion dressing method, ultrasonic vibration dressing method etc., the method that this equipment adopts is without the pollution such as electrolyte, noise, to environment facies to close friend.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is turning finishing concave curved surface emery wheel schematic diagram in prior art;
Fig. 2 is extrusion molding finishing schematic diagram in prior art;
Fig. 3 is diamond roller trimming schematic diagram in prior art;
Fig. 4 is On-line electrolytic dissolution finishing concave curved surface emery wheel figure in prior art;
Fig. 5 is graphite electrode electric spark concave curved surface crushing figure in prior art;
Fig. 6 is optical-fiber laser finishing concave curved surface emery wheel schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is laser ablation head installation diagram in the present invention
Fig. 8 is the relative concave curved surface emery wheel of CCD laser displacement sensor axial feed schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 9 is concave curved surface crushing front and rear surfaces precision contrast figure in the present invention;
Figure 10 is concave curved surface wheel face topography and geomorphology comparison diagram in the present invention.
Wherein: 1-concave curved surface emery wheel, 2-diamond pen, 3-workbench, 4-squeezing roller, 5-motor, 6-workpiece, 7-diamond roller, 8-processing work, 9-shaped electrode, 10-power supply, 11-nozzle, 12-repairs power supply, 13-graphite electrode, 14-brush, 15-insulator, 16-numerical control table, NC table, 17-laser controller, 18-Q adjusting optical fiber laser, 19-CCD laser displacement sensor, 20-laser ablation head, 21-computer, 22-numerically-controlled precise lathe, 23-laser head, 24-ablation head main body, 25-condenser lens, 26-condenser lens pressure ring, 27-protects eyeglass, 28-protection eyeglass pressure ring, the coaxial valve of 29-, the coaxial injection well of 30-, 31-air inlet screwed hole, 32-retaining thread hole.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing 6, the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
As shown in Figure 6, a kind of concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device, comprise: computer 21, laser controller 17, optical fiber laser 18, CCD laser displacement sensor 19, laser ablation head 20 and numerically-controlled precise lathe 22, concave curved surface emery wheel 1 is emery wheel to be trimmed.Computer 21 is controlled optical fiber laser 18 by laser controller 17, optical fiber laser 18 arrives laser ablation head 20 by optical fiber by laser conduction, computer 21 sends control signal, thereby control optical fiber laser 18 by laser controller 17 and send laser, thereby on concave curved surface emery wheel 1, emery wheel is carried out to ablation by 20 dozens, laser ablation head.Computer 21 is controlled CCD laser displacement sensor 19 emery wheel is scanned.Computer 21 is controlled numerically-controlled precise lathe 22 three-shaft linkages and is driven laser ablation head 20 to repair concave curved surface emery wheel 1.
Wherein, the major function of computer 21 comprises:
(1) communicate by letter with laser controller 17 by programming software coding, thus by software the power to optical fiber laser 18, frequency, the relevant parameters such as bright dipping time are controlled;
(2), by the software control of CCD laser displacement sensor, show and process the scan-data of CCD laser displacement sensor 19;
(3) load the standard surface outline data of concave curved surface emery wheel 1, and compare with the profile that CCD laser displacement sensor 19 scans, thereby control the multi-shaft interlocked drive laser ablation of precision machine tool head 20, concave curved surface emery wheel 1 is repaired.
Carry according to optical fiber laser laser head physical dimension autonomous Design laser ablation head 20, concrete assembly relation and composition parts are as shown in Figure 7.Laser ablation head 20 comprises laser head 23, ablation head main body 24, condenser lens 25, condenser lens pressure ring 26, protection eyeglass 27, protection eyeglass pressure ring 28, coaxial valve 29, coaxial injection well 30, air inlet screwed hole 31 and retaining thread hole 32, wherein, laser head 23 is matched in clearance with ablation head main body 24, hold-down screw links together laser head 23 and ablation head main body 24 by retaining thread hole 32, condenser lens 25 is placed on the boss of ablation head main body 24 inside, condenser lens pressure ring 26 is placed on condenser lens 25, protection eyeglass 27 is placed on condenser lens pressure ring 26, by protecting eyeglass pressure ring 28 by condenser lens 25, condenser lens pressure ring 26 and protection eyeglass 27 are fixing, by screw thread, coaxial valve 29 is installed, coaxial valve 29 is realized coaxial blowing function in laser ablation process by air inlet screwed hole 31 and coaxial injection well 30.
Only need to unscrew four hold-down screws that are uniformly distributed circumferentially shown in retaining thread hole 32 in figure just can conveniently unload the coaxial valve 29 of ablation head.In order to be convenient for changing eyeglass or to clean eyeglass; first unload the coaxial valve 29 of lower front end; screw off again protection eyeglass pressure ring 28; just can pull down condenser lens 25 and protection eyeglass 27; coaxial valve 29 is realized coaxial blowing function; gas enters from air inlet screwed hole 31, blows out and acts on wheel face from coaxial injection well 30.
In technical scheme of the present invention, CCD laser displacement sensor 19 models are LK-G80, Q adjusting optical fiber laser 18 continuous wave output mean power 0-100W, and repetition rate 100kHz-200kHz, pulsewidth 100-120ns, wavelength X is 1064nm; Described concave curved surface emery wheel 1 rotating speed is 1-2m/s; The focal length of described laser is 80mm-120mm, after adopting focusing, power density reaches the above high power density pulse laser of removal diamond power density threshold value 3 × 108W/cm2, use computer 21 increase control signals to carry out final finishing to concave curved surface emery wheel 1, crushing is arrived to micron order precision.
Concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser trimming method of the present invention comprises following concrete steps:
In this step, laser ablation head 20 is arranged on numerically-controlled precise lathe 22 three-shaft linkage platforms, for follow-up finishing is prepared.
Step 4: the coordinate position of CCD laser sensor 19 is recorded in respectively in computer 21, opens CCD laser sensor 19, CCD laser sensor 19 starts wheel face to scan.
In this step, CCD laser sensor 19 fast detecting wheel face particle height, and export in real time measurement result, and compare with the Grinding Wheel Topography curved surface corresponding points that are loaded into computer 21, judge whether this point needs to repair.If higher than standard emery wheel contour surface corresponding points, judging this point, certain some height value of wheel face needs finishing; Otherwise this point does not need finishing, sensor continues to detect.
In this step, by three-shaft linkage control laser ablation head 20 Emission Lasers, due to high accuracy and the flexibility of precision machine tool, laser can not have dead angle in any direction, and any angle is beaten on concave curved surface emery wheel, realizes the ablation of normal direction accurately of concave curved surface emery wheel.
Step 3-6 is carried out repeatedly until reach required dressing accuracy.
As shown in Figure 9, be concave curved surface crushing front and rear surfaces contrast figure, after finishing, wheel face obviously becomes smoothly, has improved form accuracy, and concave curved surface emery wheel has obtained good shaping effect.As shown in figure 10, be that concave curved surface emery wheel is repaired the contrast of front and rear surfaces topography and geomorphology under high power display device, A is the emery wheel appearance before finishing, B is the emery wheel appearance after finishing, outside the mostly outstanding bonding agent of abrasive particle, topography and geomorphology obtained larger improvement than A, had got good dressing effect.
In order to improve the dressing efficiency of concave curved surface emery wheel, the method does not need to be scanned and fitted to wheel face TP by laser displacement sensor, but make full use of the high accuracy of numerically-controlled precise lathe and the high efficiency of computer software, the directly coordinate corresponding relation of Criterion emery wheel nominal contour each point and emery wheel to be trimmed, by laser displacement sensor, concave curved surface emery wheel is progressively scanned, compare with the corresponding points that are stored in the corresponding standard emery wheel nominal contour in computer, thereby judge whether this point needs finishing, thereby real-time output trim signals.So, can feed back in time finishing information, error is little, does not need complicated algorithm, and efficiency is high.
In order to meet concave curved surface crushing, ablation head need to be offset certain angle and have the change in depth of certain limit, can adopt computer control precise lathe to realize ablation head by three-shaft linkage and realize laser reconditioning to Surface Method to Emission Lasers all the time.This method has been utilized high-resolution, the high accuracy characteristic of laser displacement sensor, and use Computer Analysis, processing in real time to detect data, therefore the allowance detecting is very accurately, obtain accurately and driven laser ablation head to carry out the ablation removal unwanted abrasive particle of wheel face and bonding agent by computer control numerically-controlled precise lathe again after allowance, finally made emery wheel obtain required geometry.
Therefore, concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser trimming method, can avoid the shortcoming of machine finish method can meet again the complex-curved requirement of concave curved surface emery wheel.
Although at length disclose the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing, it should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary, be not used for limiting application of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is limited by accessory claim, and can be included in various modification, remodeling and the equivalents in the situation that does not depart from protection domain of the present invention and spirit, done for invention.
Claims (6)
1. a concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device, comprise: computer (21), laser controller (17), Q adjusting optical fiber laser (18), CCD laser displacement sensor (19), laser ablation head (20) and numerically-controlled precise lathe (22), it is characterized in that: computer (21) is controlled Q adjusting optical fiber laser (18) by laser controller (17), Q adjusting optical fiber laser (18) arrives laser ablation head (20) by optical fiber by laser conduction, computer (21) sends control signal, thereby control Q adjusting optical fiber laser (18) by laser controller (17) and send laser, beat on concave curved surface emery wheel (1) to be trimmed by laser ablation head (20), complete the finishing to concave curved surface emery wheel (1),
Computer (21) is controlled CCD laser displacement sensor (19) concave curved surface emery wheel (1) is scanned, and determines the point that needs the finishing of concave curved surface emery wheel (1) needs;
Computer (21) is controlled numerically-controlled precise lathe (22) three-shaft linkage and is driven laser ablation head (20) to repair concave curved surface emery wheel (1).
2. concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: laser ablation head (20) comprises laser head (23), ablation head main body (24), condenser lens (25), condenser lens pressure ring (26), protection eyeglass (27), protection eyeglass pressure ring (28), coaxial valve (29), coaxial injection well (30), air inlet screwed hole (31) and retaining thread hole (32), wherein, laser head (23) is matched in clearance with ablation head main body (24), hold-down screw links together laser head (23) and ablation head main body (24) by retaining thread hole (32), condenser lens (25) is placed on the inner boss of ablation head main body (24), condenser lens pressure ring (26) is placed on condenser lens (25), protection eyeglass (27) is placed on condenser lens pressure ring (26), by protecting eyeglass pressure ring (28) by condenser lens (25), condenser lens pressure ring (26) and protection eyeglass (27) are fixing, by screw thread, coaxial valve (29) is installed, coaxial valve (29) is realized coaxial blowing function in laser ablation process by air inlet screwed hole (31) and coaxial injection well (30).
3. concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the standard surface profile that is preinstalled with concave curved surface emery wheel (1) in the control system of computer (21), and compare with the profile of CCD laser displacement sensor (19) scanning, drive laser ablation head (20) to repair concave curved surface emery wheel (1) thereby control precision machine tool three-shaft linkage.
4. concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in dressing process, concave curved surface emery wheel (1) is with slow-speed of revolution rotation, and CCD laser displacement sensor (19) sends and detects light and make the relative concave curved surface emery wheel (1) of CCD laser displacement sensor (19) have relative feeding to concave curved surface emery wheel (1).
5. concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described concave curved surface emery wheel (1) rotating speed is 1-2m/s; The focal length of described laser is 80mm-120mm, adopts the rear power density of focusing to reach and removes the above high power density pulse laser of diamond power density threshold value 3 × 108W/cm2.
6. according to the method for trimming of the concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device described in right 1, it is characterized in that:
Step 1, concave curved surface emery wheel (1) is installed to and on numerically-controlled precise lathe (22), makes concave curved surface emery wheel (1) rotating speed 1-2m/s, and make CCD laser displacement sensor (19) relatively concave curved surface emery wheel (1) have axial feed; Feed speed 0.005m/s is set;
Step 2, opens precision machine tool, makes grinding machine X-axis, Y-axis, and Z axis is got back to initial value, according to the requirement for the treatment of concave curved surface emery wheel, grinding wheel speed 1-2m/s is set;
Step 3, open computer, call the nominal contour data of standard concave curved surface emery wheel (1), the desirable outline data of emery wheel is imported in computer (21) digital control system, find respectively computer (21) the digital control system origin of coordinates and numerically-controlled precise lathe (22) origin of coordinates, set up the corresponding relation of computer (21) digital control system coordinate system and numerically-controlled precise lathe (22) coordinate system, make the X of the every bit of the desirable profile of concave curved surface emery wheel (1), Y, Z coordinate is corresponding with the coordinate of concave curved surface emery wheel to be trimmed (1) corresponding points in numerically-controlled precise lathe (22) respectively,
Step 4: the coordinate position of CCD laser sensor (19) is recorded in respectively in computer (21), opens CCD laser sensor 19, CCD laser sensor (19) starts wheel face to scan;
Step 5, the outstanding high point of the wheel face of selecting judgement to repair;
In this step, CCD laser sensor (19) fast detecting wheel face particle height, and export in real time measurement result, compare with the Grinding Wheel Topography curved surface corresponding points that are loaded into computer (21), judge whether this point needs to repair, if higher than standard emery wheel contour surface corresponding points, judging this point, certain some height value of wheel face needs finishing; Otherwise this point does not need finishing, sensor continues to detect;
Step 6, the high point of giving prominence to from the real-time trimming wheel of normal direction surface; Determine after the point that needs finishing, computer (21) produces control signal and moves to certain position by numerically-controlled precise lathe (22) control laser ablation head (20), make laser pulse focal method to beating on wheel face, thereby the each point that needs finishing on emery wheel is carried out to ablation.
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| CN201410048837.3A CN103802039B (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-12 | A kind of concave curved surface super-abrasive grinding wheel laser finishing device and method |
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