CN103795212A - Alternating-current and direct-current single-armature winding double-generator set - Google Patents

Abstract

An alternating-current and direct-current single-armature winding double-generator set is provided. According to the alternating current and direct-current single-armature winding double-generator set, a single armature winding and a unified magnetic field are adopted as a basic structure; commutators and slip rings are used in cooperation; the double-generator set is integrated with a direct-current generator and a rotating-armature type alternating-current generator; a rotor of the set is provided with the single armature winding; a stator of the set is provided with the unified magnetic field; and commutator brushes which are corresponding to the commutators and slip ring brushes which are corresponding to the slip rings are fixedly on a motor casing. With a special excitation structure adopted, complex influence under the interaction of direct-current armature reaction and alternating-current armature reaction can be comprehensively solved, and the ability of the double-generator set to eliminate the alternating-current armature reaction is better than that of an alternating-current generator; and the double-generator set can simultaneously output multi-path and multi-phase power sources and can be used for aircraft, vehicle, ship power station systems.

Description

Alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator

Technical field

The invention belongs to the machine field in power technology, specifically propose a kind of by the generator of a kind of AC/DC duplicate supply output with simplex winding share components of DC generator and pivot-rotatable type alternating current generator merging formation.

Background technology

In the MOVING STRUCTUREs such as aircraft, vehicle, ships, conventionally need to adopt multiple power sources device, to numerous different equipment power supplies that require, therefore need to adopt many cover generating sets with most effectively; Or for reducing equipment cost, alleviate weight of equipment and improving device efficiency, also after can adopting a generator to generate electricity, obtain the power supply system of multiple power sources by electronic inverter, therefore cause very numerous and diverse power-supply system, numerous power-supply device technical sophistications, expensive, need to seek more economical reliable many power supplys Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), to reach the requirement of energy-saving material-saving, in addition, the waveform difference of electronic equipment, harmonic content is large, design of filter difficulty is high, a little less than electronic devices and components withstand voltage rush of current ability, rapid wear difficulty is repaiied.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to create a kind of can simultaneously realization mechanical energy is converted into the low price of direct current energy and AC energy, the energy conversion of high reliability.And be not only that two generators are arranged in same motor body.

Generator of the present invention, be configured to basic structural elements by armature winding, magnetic field, be furnished with commutator brush (3) and commutator (4) to, slip-ring brush (5) and slip ring (6) to composition, can export direct current and alternating current simultaneously, it is characterized by, in machine, have a single armature winding (1) and unified magnetic field (2); Machine has excitation controller (7) to carry four road exciting currents to unified magnetic field (2) outward; And can effectively overcome many power supplys Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of two kinds of armature reactions of alternating current-direct current.

As everyone knows, in dynamo armature, each winding induction is to be actually sinusoidal ac, if on originally sending out basis galvanic, increase slip ring again and slip-ring brush is drawn alternating current, just can become and can send out direct current, can send out again the device of alternating current, can save various electronic equipments and electrical material including rectifier and frequency converter, total energy efficiency and the electronic system of apparatus of the present invention are suitable, and the cost performance of unit is high; Generator is better than the waveform of electronic installation, harmonic wave is few, and high-quality electric energy can be provided, and has also saved the cost of filter; Generator withstand voltage rush of current ability is better than electronic equipment, and maintenance easily, and maintenance cost is also very low.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1, existing direct current machine brief configuration system schematic.

Fig. 2, existing pivot-rotatable type synchronous alternating-current generator brief configuration system schematic.

The analysis of causes schematic diagram of Fig. 3, dynamo armature reaction impact commutation.

Fig. 4, alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator brief configuration schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 5, alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator magnetic field structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 6, the external line chart of alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator.

The excitation compensation control system figure of Fig. 7, alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator.

Embodiment

The present invention be by a DC motor and a pivot-rotatable type alternator combination in same motor, and make it to have shared armature rotor winding and shared stator field.Due in these two kinds diverse motor machines, armature and magnetic circuit thereof are but similar in the extreme, and these common analog structures, in occupation of most of motor cost.So, if two combine into one by both, just can produce outstanding technical advantage and economic effect.

Fig. 1 is existing direct current machine brief configuration system schematic.In figure, (1) is armature winding, and (3) are brush, and (4) are commutator, and stator field is divided into two parts, and the N yoke of horizontal direction and S yoke form main field; Two commutating fields that yoke has serial connection winding to form up and down of vertical direction, object is to eliminate the armature reaction of direct current machine, guarantees the enforcement of motor commutation function.

In Fig. 1, the main pole of existing DC generator and winding, suitable with yoke of the present invention (21) and magnetic field winding (211), the commutating pole of DC generator and winding, suitable with yoke of the present invention (22) and magnetic field commutator winding (221), but the commutation winding large-section lead coiling of existing DC generator, directly be connected in armature major loop, and (221) of the present invention winding also can be used large-section lead, directly be connected in major loop, but more can use small section lead coiling, change the excitation drive pattern by the indirect little electric current of excitation controller.On existing DC generator rotor, also have armature winding (1) and commutator (4), commutator brush (3) is fixed on housing and commutator correspondence position, and these structures are all identical with the parts in generator of the present invention.Direct current, through commutator (4) and commutator brush (3), is outwards transmitted electricity from armature winding (1), also identical with generator of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is existing pivot-rotatable type synchronous alternating-current generator brief configuration system schematic.In figure, (1) be armature winding, (5) be slip-ring brush, be fixed on housing, (6) are slip ring, and stator field is also made up of N utmost point yoke and the S utmost point yoke of horizontal direction, also can be called main field, by excitation regulation, eliminate the armature reaction of alternating current machine, keep the stable of generator voltage.

In Fig. 2, the magnetic pole of existing pivot-rotatable type synchronous alternating-current generator and (21) of the present invention are suitable, be main pole, its magnetic field winding is also consistent with magnetic field of the present invention winding (211), armature winding (1) is delta connection, be connected to three slip rings (6) at equally distributed three winding terminals, three slip-ring brushes (5) that are arranged on casing contact with three slip rings respectively, the alternating current that generator is produced is drawn, all identical with electric generator structure of the present invention.The difference of alternating current generator part of the present invention and existing pivot-rotatable type synchronous alternating-current generator is only, existing machine only overcomes armature reaction by an excitation winding.

Can be found out by Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the armature winding of two kinds of existing generators and main field, structural similarity, even can be described as equally, so as long as retain common component in new generator, add special separately parts---commutator brush (3), commutator (4) to and commutating field, and slip-ring brush (5), slip ring (6) are to structure, just should form a tool and can send out the double-generator of direct current and alternating current simultaneously.Problem is, erect image is above-mentioned to illustrated the same of generator separately, the requirement of the two armature reaction, mechanism are diverse, the target of DC generator is mainly the impact that overcomes armature reaction, guarantee the normal operation of motor commutation function, dimension pressure request is not high, and the target of alternating current generator just keeps the stable of generator voltage; The measure of the two compensation armature reaction is also different, and the former is the compensation in vertical direction magnetic field, and the latter is the compensation in horizontal direction magnetic field, thus, only cannot normally work according to the integrated new generator of existing double machine structure.

For the reason that explanation cannot normally be worked, open the scoring is analysed the armature reaction of DC generator.

Fig. 3 is the analysis of causes schematic diagram of dynamo armature reaction impact commutation.

Due to the voltage that AC sine wave distributes that is actually of the whole winding induction of armature, in Fig. 3, if there are 36 windings on armature, winding is end to end on 36 commutator segments, sees the numeral of indicating in figure.As the general space-time analysis adopting of motor, this numeral had both represented the concrete voltage on the commutator segment of reference numbers on certain time point, also can be expressed as the voltage that may touch on the slip ring fixing by locus and distribute.Although the voltage on each commutator segment changes, using position of stator as with reference to basic point, the voltage of commutator segment that turns to certain position is always fixing, so the direct voltage obtaining from commutator brush is constant.Because the position of stator main field is fixed, so the tram of commutator brush should be, anodal 9 and No. 10 positions, negative pole is 27 and No. 28 positions, at this moment the direct voltage that the output of DC generator is the highest, and potential difference minimum between winding, next commutator in next moment is again the repetition sinusoidal wave same position identical with last commutator, even if so two commutator segment short circuits in brush Jiang Gai district can not produce short circuit circulation in winding yet.

The reason of armature reaction is, when in armature when current flowing, produce a magnetic flux vertical with main flux D direction in Q direction, make the skew of generator resultant magnetic field, sine-shaped commutating zone is displaced to for example anodal 12 and No. 13 positions, negative pole is 30 and No. 31 positions, this both can reduce the output voltage of generator, more owing to having potential difference between these commutator segments, thereby make two or more commutator segment short circuits in brush Jiang Gai district, can in winding, produce short circuit circulation, cause the loss of generator self-heating, electric efficiency reduces.When serious, the ring fire that short circuit causes will damage commutator, and generator cannot normally be worked.

The commutating pole of DC generator is connected in armature major loop exactly, and the armature reaction magnetic flux that dynamo current produces just offsets with the magnetic flux that commutating pole produces, so resultant flux is still original main flux, and the skew that just can not produce commutating zone.

Fig. 4 is alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator brief configuration schematic diagram of the present invention.Namely, by Fig. 1 structure and Fig. 2 structure assembly, increase parts, retain difference, just become the structure of Fig. 4, formed the new construction of alternating current-direct current simplex winding double-generator of the present invention.

The alternating current-direct current list armature winding generator of Fig. 4 can be regarded a DC generator that has increased slip ring and brush as, also can regard a pivot-rotatable type synchronous alternating-current generator that has increased commutator and brush as.Generator has comprised two kinds of all parts of existing type: the single armature of rotor (1), commutator brush (3), commutator (4) and slip-ring brush (5), slip ring (6), on generator unit stator, there is shared unified magnetic field (2), it is characterized by, stator field (2) has respectively two D axle yokes (21) and two Q axle yokes (22), in D axle yoke (21), there is excitation winding (211, 212), in Q axle yoke (22), there is excitation winding (221, 222), winding (211, 212, 221 and 222) independently controlled by the driver output circuit of excitation controller (7).

Fig. 4 is two-pole machine, contains two D axle yokes (21) and two Q axle yokes (22), and four windings (211,212,221 and 222).Winding of the same race in yoke of the same race can adopt connected in series or in parallel; Excitation is controlled by excitation controller (7).Excitation controller (7) can divide and be arranged with generator, and other positions that also can be placed on generator portion are integrally formed machine.

Certainly, as motor, except stator, rotor aforementioned body structure, also should comprise the annexes such as rotating shaft, housing, end cap, bearing, fan, brush carrier, terminal box, not be elaborated in the present invention.

For DC generator, as long as reach certain driving rotating speed, and switch on and set up the main field of some strength to 211 windings of D axle yoke, can export direct current from armature by commutator.In DC generator rotation process, the alternating current that the induction of armature winding produces, can, via slip ring and slip-ring brush output, be sinusoidal wave alternating voltage.If single armature is divided into three groups, connect three slip rings at three end lead-in wires of winding, unit output is exactly three phase sine voltage so, as shown in Figure 4.

If single armature is divided into M group, M is more than 3 or 3 positive integer, connects M slip ring at M end points lead-in wire of winding, and unit output is exactly M cross streams voltage so.Can certainly increase slip ring group number, from unit, draw one group of three-phase electricity and another group even many group polyphase acs of polyphase ac voltage voltage higher than three-phase, for example, can be easy to obtain one group of three-phase voltage and one group of 12 phase voltage.

Press structure in Fig. 4, make unit reach 3000 (3600) rotating speeds that turn per minute, can produce 50 (60) Hz industrial-frequency alternating currents, as reach per minute 24000 rotating speeds that turn, can produce the alternating current of 400Hz frequency, form many power generators of naval vessel or airborne vehicle.

As required, generator can be designed to four utmost point machines or other even number utmost point machines, and rotating speed becomes multiple to reduce simultaneously, with the industrial frequency AC output being fixed.The slow-speed of revolution is conducive to direct current machine commutation, also can reduce wearing and tearing and the maintenance work amount of commutator, but that multipolar machine manufactures and designs is more complicated, and generator cost can corresponding raising.

Generator of the present invention can be by rotating shaft, connect various dissimilar outside force machinery, as steam engine, steam turbine, gas turbine, gasoline engine, diesel engine, the hydraulic turbine, wind turbine or Animal-powered machine and manpower machine etc., everyly can meet all dynamic power machines that generated output, voltage, frequency output require, all may serve as the driving machine of generator of the present invention.

At the generator of analyzing two kinds of complete different structures; and can obtain following enlightenment in the above-mentioned explanation of operation mechanism; the armature reaction that is DC generator is fairly simple; but the mechanism that overcomes armature reaction is more perfect; because it is to do full compensation by the orientation of changes of magnetic field; as long as add exciting current proportional to unit average anode current in 221 windings of Q axle yoke, just can eliminate the armature reaction of DC generator completely, keep the normal commutation of direct current machine.And the armature reaction of alternating current generator than DC generator complexity many, in existing orientation, also have in size, but the compensation of existing alternator armature reaction is but no matter magnetic field orientation changes and only size dealt with.This will produce a cross one another impact, the armature reaction that is DC generator can be ignored substantially to the normal influence on system operation of alternating current generator, but the armature reaction of alternating current generator but can produce and have a strong impact on the operation of DC generator, can change the commutating zone of DC generator, DC generator will be not good at occurring the even ring fire of armature circulation because of commutation, also landing to some extent of direct voltage simultaneously.

Before magnetic circuit is unsaturated, regulate the exciting current in 211 windings, just can regulate the output voltage of alterating and direct current, still, in generator of the present invention, combined-voltage is synchronization lifting, can not change separately a kind of voltage and another kind of voltage remains unchanged.For example, in the generator of Fig. 4, if need to export three-phase 380V alternating current, VD must be 622V.If obtain a certain constant DC voltage, and need the alternating voltage of output not according to this ratio, that will change ac output voltage by extra transformer.

In the time of unit output AC electric current, can produce too armature reaction, but the armature reaction that different alternating currents produce, its effect is different, and this not only can affect the stable of alternating voltage, larger to the work influence of DC generator, for this reason, must do excitation compensation according to the character of alternating current, its compensation principle is first by being equivalent to phase demodulation mirror depressor Φ in excitation controller (7), alternating current to be divided into real component and two parts of idle component.

Alternating current real component electric current is converted to 222 windings in corresponding exciting current input Q axle yoke (22), and exciting current direction is identical with the direction of 221 exciting currents.

Alternating current idle component electric current is converted to 212 windings in corresponding exciting current input D axle yoke (21), and its sense of current is: if alternating current is perception, exciting current direction is identical with the exciting current direction in 211 windings; If alternating current is capacitive, the exciting current opposite direction in exciting current direction and 211 windings.

Fig. 5 is alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator magnetic field structure schematic diagram.Can find that in the drawings all on stator, there are two groups of excitation winding 211 and 212 (only drawing a group in figure) in two groups of magnetic fields in D axle yoke (21); In Q axle yoke (22), also there are two groups of magnetic field windings 221 and 222 (in figure, only to draw one group, and 221 windings are only by the heavy in section wire diameter representation of directly connecting, with table note of the ancient Chinese direction of winding, small bore 221 windings can be from Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 reflection, and Fig. 5 is omitted).

Fig. 6 is the external line chart of alternating current-direct current list armature winding generator.Input mechanical energy by outside force machine to generator, drive generator generating; One tunnel is direct current, represents to export galvanic polarity with "+" and "-" two end points, and the second tunnel is output as alternating current, represents, owing to must adopting delta connection, so this unit can not provide zero line with tri-phase line ends of ABC.4 excitation winding have 8 lines, must be noted that the positive negative direction of electric current when wiring, just can make generator field obtain correct compensation and the armature reaction of non-reason electric current has influence on the normal operation of generator.

Fig. 7 is the excitation compensation control principle drawing of alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator.In Fig. 7, strong power part is relatively simple, and its essence is exactly that the direct current of exporting after utilizing commutator in DC generator to the armature winding of flowing through commutates, and obtains direct current output.The alternating voltage producing in armature winding, by this voltage by with the fixing slip-ring brush of winding relative position, just can sine wave output alternating current, thus realize from direct current to the two electricity outputs that exchange.

Excitation controller (7) aims at double current generator design of the present invention, it is characterized by, wherein there is a mark to have the alternating current decoder of " Φ ", size and phase place to alternating current detect, to determine the size and Orientation of active current, the size and Orientation of reactive current (i.e. idle the or capacitive reactive power of perception), so that excitation controller (7) is exported corresponding exciting current, the comprehensive impact that overcomes armature reaction.

The power supply of excitation controller (7) can be provided by external power, to set up initial magnetic field, also can be powered or be exchanged the direct current supply that end is rectified into after transformer pressure-reducing by DC terminal later.

Adopt the excitation controller of Fig. 7, not only can be as original DC generator, eliminate the armature reaction that direct current produces completely.The armature reaction that alternating current produces simultaneously, what also compensate than existing alternating current machine is perfect, because the armature reaction compensation mechanism of existing alternating current generator only can compensate D axle magnetic flux, only keep the stable of magnitude of voltage, can not compensate Q axle magnetic flux, make the skew of DC motor commutating zone so probably make main flux position change, affect DC generator operation, adopt system topology of the present invention to carry out comprehensive compensation to exchanging armature reaction, the armature reaction compensation ability of alternating current obtains General Promotion, making to affect direct current machine is offset because of commutating zone, be eliminated and produce the original factor that cannot normally work.

Generator output can direct grid-connected, also can be grid-connected by step-up transformer, or independent networking, in independent networking application, can obtain zero line by the star connection of transformer secondary output.

Double-generator of the present invention, may reduce the cost of multiple feed device, and the ability of electric system withstand voltage rush of current is far better than electronic system, not fragile, is also easy to even if the inspection after damaging is repaired, and cost is low and cost performance is high.Common electric system efficiency is a little less than electronic system, but this generator adopts multi-power system, has reduced the energy conversion loss of power transformation process, also has the advantages such as waveform is good, harmonic wave is few, so total efficiency and electronic inverter are suitable.Although because the existence of moving component can increase the workload that unit maintenance maintains, maintaining belongs to the simple and easy work of low difficulty, simple, can not mention in the same breath with the high-tech difficulty repair and maintenance of electronic system.

Claims (5)

1. an alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator, be configured to basic structural elements by armature winding, magnetic field, be furnished with commutator brush (3) and commutator (4) to, slip-ring brush (5) and slip ring (6) to composition, can export direct current and alternating current simultaneously, it is characterized by, in machine, have a single armature winding (1) and unified magnetic field (2); Machine has excitation controller (7) to carry four road exciting currents to unified magnetic field (2) outward; And can effectively overcome the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of two kinds of armature reactions of alternating current-direct current.

2. alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by, stator is unified magnetic field (2) respectively two D axle yokes (21) and two Q axle yokes (22), in D axle yoke (21), there is excitation winding (211,212), in Q axle yoke (22), have excitation winding (221,222), winding (211,212,221 and 222) is independently controlled by the driver output circuit of excitation controller (7) respectively.

3. alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator claimed in claim 1, is characterized by, and single armature is divided into M group, and M is more than 3 or 3 positive integer, connects M slip ring at M end points lead-in wire of winding, generator output M cross streams voltage; Generator also can have many group slip ring group numbers, becomes and can send out one group of three-phase electricity and the generators of another group higher than the even many group polyphase acs of the polyphase ac voltage voltage of three-phase.

4. alternating current-direct current list armature winding double-generator claimed in claim 1, is characterized by, and wherein number of pole-pairs is positive integer.

5. claim 1 or single armature winding double-generator claimed in claim 2, it is characterized by, in excitation controller (7), there is a mark to have the alternating current decoder of " Φ ", size and phase place to alternating current detect, to determine the size and Orientation of active current, the size and Orientation of reactive current (i.e. idle the or capacitive reactive power of perception), so that excitation controller (7) is exported corresponding exciting current, the comprehensive impact that overcomes armature reaction.

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