CN103795033A - Detecting and protecting circuit and method for inter-phase short circuit of switch reluctance motor - Google Patents
Detecting and protecting circuit and method for inter-phase short circuit of switch reluctance motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a detecting and protecting circuit and method for an inter-phase short circuit of a switch reluctance motor. The detecting and protecting circuit is provided with an asymmetric half-bridge power converter, a current sampling circuit, a current sampling and amplifying circuit, a microprocessor CPU and a two-input AND gate. A switch reluctance motor inter-phase short circuit distinguishing algorithm is set in the CPU, according to the detection of the running states of the switch reluctance motor, short-circuit current detection pulses of lower switch power tubes, corresponding to all the running states, of a non-work phase are triggered in sequence through the CPU, a short-circuit current caused by the inter-phase short circuit flows to the lower switch power tubes of the non-work phase in series and is fed back to the CPU through the current sampling circuit and the current sampling and amplifying circuit, the short-circuit current is compared with a set threshold current, whether short circuit happens to the switch reluctance motor or not is judged based on a comparison result, and therefore inter-phase short circuit protection of the switch reluctance motor is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application of asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter in switched reluctance machines, relate in particular to a kind of detection protective circuit and method thereof of switched reluctance machines phase fault.
Background technology
Switched reluctance machines is simple in structure firm, reliable operation, efficiency is high, and the Switch reluctance motor driving system being made up of it is compared with traditional AC_DC electric drive system, there are many advantages, as: starting torque is large, and speed-regulating range width is controlled flexibly, can conveniently realize four quadrant running, there is stronger regenerative braking ability, in broad rotating speed and power bracket, all there is high efficiency, be conducive to save energy and reduce the cost; Can work in high rotating speed; Can phase-deficient operation, fault-tolerant ability is strong etc.The characteristics such as it is low that asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter is completely independent by feat of each circuitry phase, it is simple to control, power device is withstand voltage are widely used in switched Reluctance Motor Control field.
Be widely used in just industrial control field, integrity problem especially highlights.Application for asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter in switched reluctance machines, the differentiation of phase fault lacks a kind of simple, reliable method always.Prior art can be in software control embedded node energy computational algorithm, but the microprocessor resources that this method takies is larger, affects the real-time performance of control system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to the problem for switched reluctance machines phase fault, propose a kind of simple and reliable switched reluctance machines phase fault and detect protective circuit and method thereof.
The present invention for achieving the above object, adopt following technical scheme: a kind of detection protective circuit of switched reluctance machines phase fault, it is characterized in that: comprise asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter, current sampling circuit, current sample amplifying circuit, microprocessor CPU and two inputs and door, the input of asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter connects DC power supply, output connects current sampling circuit, current sampling circuit output connects current sample amplifying circuit, current sample amplifying circuit output connecting microprocessor CPU, the output of microprocessor CPU You San road, one tunnel output connects asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter, another two-way output connects two inputs and door, two inputs are connected asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter with door output feedback signal, wherein:
Asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter comprises switching power tube T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, sustained diode 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, three phase windings of D6 and switched reluctance machines, wherein T1, T3, T5 is defined as switching power tube, T2, T4, T6 is defined as lower switching power tube, D1, D3, D5 is defined as fly-wheel diode, D2, D4, D6 is defined as lower fly-wheel diode, upper switching power tube T1, T3, the drain electrode of T5 connects respectively sustained diode 1, D3, the negative electrode of D5 also connects DC power supply anode, upper switching power tube T1, T3, the source electrode of T5 respectively with lower sustained diode 2, D4, access three phase electric machine winding one end after the negative electrode of D6 connects, the other end of three phase electric machine winding connects respectively lower switching power tube T2, T4, the drain electrode of T6 and upper sustained diode 1, D3, the anode of D5, lower switching power tube T2, T4, the source electrode of T6 connects respectively lower sustained diode 2, D4, the anode of D6,
Current sampling circuit comprises resistance R 1, R2, R3, and one end of resistance R 1, R2, R3 connects respectively the source electrode of lower switching power tube T2, T4, T6 in asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter, and the other end of resistance R 1, R2, R3 connects DC power supply negative terminal;
Current sample amplifying circuit comprises resistance R 4, R5 operational amplifier U1, the anode of operational amplifier U1 connects the source electrode of lower switching power tube T2, T4, T6 in current sampling circuit, the negative terminal contact resistance R4 of operational amplifier U1 and one end of R5, the other end ground connection of resistance R 4, the other end of resistance R 5 is connected with the output of operational amplifier U1 and as the output of current sample amplifying circuit;
The embedded pulse-width modulation PWM module of microprocessor CPU, input and output GPIO module, timer TIM module and analog-to-digital conversion ADC module, pulse-width modulation PWM module output PWM drives signal, input and output GPIO module output chopping signal and driving signal, wherein drive signal to be connected to the grid of lower switching power tube T2, T4, T6 in asymmetrical half-bridge analog line driver, the input of analog-to-digital conversion ADC module connects the output of operational amplifier U1 in current sample amplifying circuit;
The PWM that two inputs and two inputs of door are connected respectively the output of pulse-width modulation PWM module in microprocessor CPU drives the chopping signal of signal and the output of input and output GPIO module, and two inputs and the output of door are connected in asymmetrical half-bridge analog line driver the above grid of switching power tube T1, T3, T5.
Upper and lower switching tube in said asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter is metal-oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor.
The detection guard method of the detection protective circuit of above-mentioned switched reluctance machines phase fault, it is characterized in that: for the switched reluctance machines that adopts asymmetrical half-bridge structure as power inverter, number of phases N≤3, at switched reluctance machines run duration, microprocessor CPU is differentiated algorithm according to built-in switch reluctance motor phase fault, change the driving signal of lower switching power tube, by input and output GPIO mouth, the lower switching power tube of inoperative phase is triggered to short pulse, the current value of inoperative phase during current sampling circuit measurement short pulse, feed back to microprocessor CPU by current sample amplifying circuit, with the threshold value comparison of setting, judge that switched reluctance machines is short-circuited, realize the detection protection of switched reluctance machines phase fault,
It is as follows that switched reluctance machines phase fault is differentiated algorithm: the job order of establishing three phase windings of reluctance motor is C, B, A, when switched reluctance machines starts, under CB phase operating state, obtain switched reluctance machines operating state by microprocessor CPU, catching motor CB work mutually some switching time of transition of B in opposite directions, is T by input and output GPIO module to the lower switching power tube output pulse width of inoperative A phase
pulsesampling pulse, pulse width T
pulseby timer TIM block configuration, analog-to-digital conversion ADC module receives the current sampling signal from current sample amplifying circuit, if C, A two-phase are short-circuited, short circuit current crossfire is to the sampling resistor of inoperative phase A phase lower end, and amplifier signal is greater than the short circuit current threshold value I that microprocessor CPU is set
ref, switched reluctance machines C, A two-phase generation phase fault are described, switched reluctance machines quits work; Other job order situations of three phase windings are analogized.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages and remarkable result:
1) CPU built-in switch reluctance motor phase fault is differentiated algorithm according to the detection of motor operating state; successively the lower switching power tube of the corresponding inoperative phase of each running status is triggered to short circuit current by CPU and detect pulse; the short circuit current crossfire that phase fault causes to inoperative descends switching power tube mutually; feed back to CPU through current sampling circuit, current sample amplifying circuit; with the comparison of threshold current of setting as foundation; judge that switched reluctance machines is short-circuited, thereby reach the protection of switched reluctance machines phase fault.The present invention, in the situation that not affecting the normal work of switched reluctance machines, has improved the judgement that phase fault occurs in motor operation course greatly, also has certain protective capability for motor internal short circuit.
2) method is simple, and application system is extensive, and without complicated algorithm, cost is low, and reliability is high.
3) applied environment is extensive, no matter, under underloading or case of heavy load, can differentiate reliably phase fault.
4) software algorithm is simple, and feasibility is high, without complicated hardware circuit, can effectively prevent the damage of phase fault to power inverter and motor body.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is switched reluctance machines short circuit discrimination algorithm software flow chart;
Fig. 4 is switched reluctance machines phase fault protection logic diagram;
Fig. 5 is current direction schematic diagram when terminal shortcircuit under switched reluctance machines generation winding;
Fig. 6 is phase current schematic diagram when terminal shortcircuit under switched reluctance machines generation winding;
Fig. 7 is the switching power tube driving at present of switched reluctance machines generation phase fault and phase current waveform schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme of invention is elaborated:
As shown in Figure 1, circuit of the present invention comprises asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter 1, current sampling circuit 2, current sample amplifying circuit 3, microprocessor (CPU) 4 and two inputs and door 5, the input of asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter 1 connects DC power supply, output connects current sampling circuit 2, current sampling circuit 2 outputs connect current sample amplifying circuit 3, current sample amplifying circuit 3 output connecting microprocessors (CPU) 4, microprocessor (CPU) 4 You San road outputs, one tunnel output connects asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter 1, another two-way output connects two inputs and door 5, two inputs are connected asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter 1 with door 5 output feedback signals.
As shown in Figure 2, asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter 1 comprises switching power tube T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, sustained diode 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, three phase windings of D6 and switched reluctance machines, wherein T1, T3, T5 is defined as switching power tube, T2, T4, T6 is defined as lower switching power tube, D1, D3, D5 is defined as fly-wheel diode, D2, D4, D6 is defined as lower fly-wheel diode, upper switching power tube T1, T3, the drain electrode of T5 connects respectively sustained diode 1, D3, the negative electrode of D5 also connects DC power supply anode, upper switching power tube T1, T3, the source electrode of T5 respectively with lower sustained diode 2, D4, access three phase electric machine winding one end after the negative electrode of D6 is connected, the other end of three phase electric machine winding connects respectively lower switching power tube T2, T4, the drain electrode of T6 and upper sustained diode 1, D3, the anode of D5, lower switching power tube T2, T4, the source electrode of T6 connects respectively lower sustained diode 2, D4, the anode of D6.
Current sampling circuit 2 comprises High Precision Low Temperature degree coefficient constantan wire sampling resistor, and the upper end of resistance connects respectively the source electrode of lower switching power tube T2, T4, T6 in asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter, and the lower end of resistance connects DC power supply negative terminal.
Current sample amplifying circuit 3 comprises resistance R 4, R5 and operational amplifier U1, the anode of operational amplifier U1 connects the upper end (descending the source electrode of switching power tube T2, T4, T6) of sampling resistor in current sampling circuit, the negative terminal contact resistance R4 of operational amplifier U1 and one end of R5, the other end ground connection of resistance R 4, the other end of resistance R 5 is connected with the output of operational amplifier U1 and as the output of current sample amplifying circuit.
The embedded pulse-width modulation PWM module 6 of microprocessor (CPU) 4, input and output GPIO module 7, analog-to-digital conversion ADC module 8 and timer TIM module 9, pulse-width modulation PWM module 6 is exported PWM and is driven signal, it is the pulse of Tpulse short-circuit detecting that input and output GPIO module 7 is exported chopping signal, lower switching power tube driving signal and the pulsewidth to lower switching power tube triggering, T
pulsecan be by timer TIM block configuration, wherein drive signal to be connected to the grid of lower switching power tube T2, T4, T6 in asymmetrical half-bridge power driving circuit 1, the input of analog-to-digital conversion ADC module 8 connects the output of operational amplifier U1 in current sample amplifying circuit 3.
Two inputs and door two inputs of 5 are connected respectively the chopping signal that PWM that in microprocessor (CPU) 4, pulse-width modulation PWM module 6 is exported drives signal and input and output GPIO module 7 to export, and two inputs and the output of door 5 are connected in asymmetrical half-bridge power driving circuit the above grid of switching power tube T1, T3, T5.
Figure 5 shows that switched reluctance machines generation phase fault current direction figure, when A quits work mutually, winding is in reflux state, now electric current is larger, as can be seen from the figure,, if long-play is under large current conditions, the pressure of lower fly-wheel diode is increased, easily cause the damage of lower fly-wheel diode, thereby motor cannot normally be worked.
The specific works principle of circuit of the present invention is described by embodiment:
1) in asymmetrical half-bridge analog line driver 1, take one, mutually as example, T1, T2 are main switch power tube, and D1, D2 are fly-wheel diode.T1 receives by two inputs and the upper switching power tube of door 5 outputs and drives signal, and the lower switching power tube that T2 accepts to be exported by input and output GPIO module 7 drives signal.T1, T2 conducting simultaneously, system is in excited state, and T1 turn-offs, T2 conducting, and in afterflow state, T1, T2 all turn-off, and system is in commutation reflux state.
2) phase current is converted into voltage signal by current sampling circuit 2.
3) voltage amplification that current sample amplifying circuit 3 is sampled current sampling circuit 2 is the voltage of microprocessor (CPU) 4 identifications.In current sample amplifying circuit 3, the voltage source that in-phase input end control of Electric potentials is made up of integrated transporting discharging U1 and R4, R5 is controlled.
4) microprocessor CPU is 32, wherein produce PWM by pulse-width modulation PWM module 6 and drive signal, input and output GPIO module 7 produces chopping signal, and both drive signal through two inputs and door 5 with the upper switching power tube T1 producing in asymmetrical half-bridge power driving circuit 1.Input and output GPIO module 7 also produces inoperative phase short circuit current and detects pulse.Analog-to-digital conversion ADC module 8 received current amplifier circuit 3 output signals, are converted into by analog signal the digital signal that microprocessor CPU can be identified, as basis for estimation.
Switched reluctance machines specification: 60V/1000W, 12/8 structure, open order and be followed successively by: C, B, A, i.e. switch
Job order when reluctance motor starts is followed successively by: CB->B->BA->A->AC->C->CB ...
The course of work is as follows:
When motor has just started, CB is in mode of operation, embedded pulse-width modulation (PWM) module of microprocessor CPU is exported the driving signal of pipe on three-phase successively according to switched reluctance machines position sensor output signal, lower pipe drives and is provided by input and output in CPU (GPIO) module, at the duration of work of a phase in normally open.
If using CB operating state as detecting pulse according to inoperative being triggered mutually to phase fault, due to mutually residual back flow current also now of inoperative, easily cause false triggering, so switch to mutually by CB the time point that B moves mutually at C, this moment point C is in reflux state, B in starting excited state, and inoperative phase A phase completely demagnetization has been avoided the false triggering causing due to A phase back flow current.
In motor operation course, A phase, C phase winding lower end are short-circuited, switched to mutually the time point of B phase by CB at switched reluctance machines, the mutually upper and lower switching power tube of C all turn-offs, in refluxing stage, back flow current is larger, and now descending mutually switching power tube to trigger pulsewidth by input and output (GPIO) module to inoperative phase A is T
pulseshort-circuit detecting pulse, T
pulsecan be by TIM block configuration, short circuit current meeting crossfire is to the sampling resistor of A phase lower end, and short circuit current flows to as shown in Figure 5.By R1, detection current value is converted into magnitude of voltage, through amplifier circuit, voltage sampling signal is converted in the voltage range that CPU can identify, analog quantity is converted into digital quantity by analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) module feeding back in CPU, due to the discretization filtering characteristic of microprocessor in sampling, can greatly reduce the influence degree that is subject to burr signal, now with software in the threshold value I that sets
refcompare.A, the short circuit of C phase, the back flow current crossfire of C phase to the electric current of A phase lower end sampling resistor is greater than I
refthreshold current, differentiates switched reluctance machines motor (C, the A) fault that is short-circuited, and switched reluctance machines quits work, wherein T
pulse, I
refparameter obtains by test, relevant with the design parameter of motor.
Figure 3 shows that switched reluctance machines phase fault differentiation algorithm software flow chart.
Shown in Fig. 4, switch to mutually the moment point that B moves mutually at C by CB, CPU descends switching power tube (A mutually to A
down) the detection pulse of output short circuit current, pulse duration is T
pulse.
Fig. 5 is current direction schematic diagram when terminal shortcircuit under switched reluctance machines generation winding, can obviously be found out by Fig. 5, if do not adopt short trouble diagnostic method, if the fault of being short-circuited, descend pipe can work long hours at the state of large electric current, be easy to cause the damage of lower pipe and lower continued flow tube.
Shown in Fig. 6, phase current schematic diagram when terminal shortcircuit under switched reluctance machines generation winding.Can obviously be found out when the switched reluctance machines generation phase fault by Fig. 6, phase current there will be the situation far above copped wave limit, if switched reluctance machines works long hours under large current conditions, very easily cause the damage of upper and lower switching power tube and fly-wheel diode.
Fig. 7 is the switching power tube driving at present of switched reluctance machines generation phase fault and phase current waveform schematic diagram.Can obviously find out that by Fig. 7, if C, A two-phase generation phase fault all turn-off the moment at the mutually upper and lower switching power tube of C, descending mutually switching power tube to trigger pulsewidth to A is T
pulseshort circuit current detects pulse, at T
pulsein the pulsewidth time, sampling resistor R
1short circuit current detected, feed back to microprocessor by current sample amplifying circuit, short circuit current I
abe greater than the threshold current I of setting
ref, conclude switched reluctance machines generation phase fault, switched reluctance machines quits work, the damage of upper and lower switching power tube and fly-wheel diode in the power inverter that can effectively prevent like this to cause due to Short-Circuit High Current.
Claims (3)
1. the detection protective circuit of a switched reluctance machines phase fault, it is characterized in that: comprise asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter, current sampling circuit, current sample amplifying circuit, microprocessor CPU and two inputs and door, the input of asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter connects DC power supply, output connects current sampling circuit, current sampling circuit output connects current sample amplifying circuit, current sample amplifying circuit output connecting microprocessor CPU, the output of microprocessor CPU You San road, one tunnel output connects asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter, another two-way output connects two inputs and door, two inputs are connected asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter with door output feedback signal, wherein:
Asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter comprises switching power tube T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, sustained diode 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, three phase windings of D6 and switched reluctance machines, wherein T1, T3, T5 is defined as switching power tube, T2, T4, T6 is defined as lower switching power tube, D1, D3, D5 is defined as fly-wheel diode, D2, D4, D6 is defined as lower fly-wheel diode, upper switching power tube T1, T3, the drain electrode of T5 connects respectively sustained diode 1, D3, the negative electrode of D5 also connects DC power supply anode, upper switching power tube T1, T3, the source electrode of T5 respectively with lower sustained diode 2, D4, access three phase electric machine winding one end after the negative electrode of D6 connects, the other end of three phase electric machine winding connects respectively lower switching power tube T2, T4, the drain electrode of T6 and upper sustained diode 1, D3, the anode of D5, lower switching power tube T2, T4, the source electrode of T6 connects respectively lower sustained diode 2, D4, the anode of D6,
Current sampling circuit comprises resistance R 1, R2, R3, and one end of resistance R 1, R2, R3 connects respectively the source electrode of lower switching power tube T2, T4, T6 in asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter, and the other end of resistance R 1, R2, R3 connects DC power supply negative terminal;
Current sample amplifying circuit comprises resistance R 4, R5 operational amplifier U1, the anode of operational amplifier U1 connects the source electrode of lower switching power tube T2, T4, T6 in current sampling circuit, the negative terminal contact resistance R4 of operational amplifier U1 and one end of R5, the other end ground connection of resistance R 4, the other end of resistance R 5 is connected with the output of operational amplifier U1 and as the output of current sample amplifying circuit;
The embedded pulse-width modulation PWM module of microprocessor CPU, input and output GPIO module, timer TIM module and analog-to-digital conversion ADC module, pulse-width modulation PWM module output PWM drives signal, input and output GPIO module output chopping signal and driving signal, wherein drive signal to be connected to the grid of lower switching power tube T2, T4, T6 in asymmetrical half-bridge analog line driver, the input of analog-to-digital conversion ADC module connects the output of operational amplifier U1 in current sample amplifying circuit;
The PWM that two inputs and two inputs of door are connected respectively the output of pulse-width modulation PWM module in microprocessor CPU drives the chopping signal of signal and the output of input and output GPIO module, and two inputs and the output of door are connected in asymmetrical half-bridge analog line driver the above grid of switching power tube T1, T3, T5.
2. the detection protective circuit of switched reluctance machines phase fault according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the upper and lower switching tube in said asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter is metal-oxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor.
3. the detection guard method of the detection protective circuit of switched reluctance machines phase fault according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: for the switched reluctance machines that adopts asymmetrical half-bridge structure as power inverter, number of phases N≤3, at switched reluctance machines run duration, microprocessor CPU is differentiated algorithm according to built-in switch reluctance motor phase fault, change the driving signal of lower switching power tube, by input and output GPIO mouth, the lower switching power tube of inoperative phase is triggered to short pulse, the current value of inoperative phase during current sampling circuit measurement short pulse, feed back to microprocessor CPU by current sample amplifying circuit, with the threshold value comparison of setting, judge that switched reluctance machines is short-circuited, realize the detection protection of switched reluctance machines phase fault,
It is as follows that switched reluctance machines phase fault is differentiated algorithm: the job order of establishing three phase windings of reluctance motor is C, B, A, when switched reluctance machines starts, under CB phase operating state, obtain switched reluctance machines operating state by microprocessor CPU, catching motor CB work mutually some switching time of transition of B in opposite directions, is T by input and output GPIO module to the lower switching power tube output pulse width of inoperative A phase
pulsesampling pulse, pulse width T
pulseby timer TIM block configuration, analog-to-digital conversion ADC module receives the current sampling signal from current sample amplifying circuit, if C, A two-phase are short-circuited, short circuit current crossfire is to the sampling resistor of inoperative phase A phase lower end, and amplifier signal is greater than the short circuit current threshold value I that microprocessor CPU is set
ref, switched reluctance machines C, A two-phase generation phase fault are described, switched reluctance machines quits work; Other job order situations of three phase windings are analogized.
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