CN103790563A - Method for extracting shale oil gas by oil shale in-situ topochemical method - Google Patents
Method for extracting shale oil gas by oil shale in-situ topochemical method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting shale oil gas by an oil shale in-situ topochemical method. The method includes: a partial chemical reaction area is formed in an underground oil shale stratum via hot mixed gas; in the whole process, a series of 'chain reactions' are induced by means of controlling concentrations of injected hot mixed gas and recovered hot mixed gas, and along with gradual temperature rising and range widening of the reaction area, porosity and permeability of the oil shale stratum increase continuously, heat strengthening reaction processing is realized finally, and self catalytic cracking of the oil shale stratum from inner to outer is achieved to generate shale oil and fuel gas. After the chain reactions are over, fixed carbon in the oil shale stratum is continuously enabled to react to generate low-heating-value gas via the hot mixed gas, high-temperature waste heat in the area finished in cracking reaction is recycled, and self-supporting and maximal utilization of energy for the oil shale stratum cracking are realized. By the aid of the method, exploring method, environmental harms and commercial risks can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil shale recovery technology, be particularly related to a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemical reaction method and extract the method for shale oil gas, the technology of the method and implementation method can cause local chemical reaction in subterranean oil shale layer original position and carry out the organic matter in cracked oil shale, thereby extract shale oil and fuel gas, and cracking reaction is completed to region carry out high waste heat circulation use.That one can realize oil shale in-situ cracking energy-autarchic and the maximized method of heat utilization ratio.Technique method can be widely used in the original position exploitation of solid or solidifying state fossil fuel (oil shale, coal, viscous crude).
Background technology
Two more than ten years in past, the rapid development of the whole world to energy demand, oil price also one creates the highest again.In 2012, the consumption of global crude oil reached 8,905 ten thousand barrels/day, the prediction of american energy office, and to the year two thousand thirty, oil extraction amount in the world's will arrive peak, can decline rapidly afterwards, and to the year two thousand fifty, minable crude oil will be progressively exhausted.Energy source in China situation is more urgent, and each large-scale oil field production capacity has started to decline gradually, and within 2012, oil interdependency has reached 57%, serious threat Chinese energy safety.Finding the alternative energy becomes the task of top priority, and oil shale becomes the major fields of countries in the world energy development with its huge reserves.
Oil shale is a kind of solid combustible organic sedimentary rock of high mineral content, composes and deposits not full ripe organic matter-kerogen, can obtain oil shale oil and oil shale gas through pyrolysis (low temperature distillation).In pyrolytic process, a series of physical-chemical reaction can occur, the heating initial stage can distill in conjunction with water, and kerogen is heated and changes into pitch subsequently, and heated bitumen further resolves into the fuel gas of shale oil, and last remnant organic matter and inorganic mineral progressively decompose.How in pyrolytic process, to control physical-chemical reaction, make oil shale pyrolysis Energy output, consumption rate the most reasonable, become the key factor of technical feasibility.
At present, the technology of oil shale extraction shale oil gas is mainly divided two large classes: earth's surface retorting technique and converted in-situ technology.Earth's surface retorting technique has been widely used in likes husky mud Asia, the U.S., China, Canada and Brazilian etc.But the concrete a lot of shortcomings of shale oil are produced in earth's surface destructive distillation: excacation amount is large, and cost is high; Easily form goaf, cause land subsidence; A large amount of residue treatment difficulty are large, and accumulating amount is large, easily causes secondary pollution; Discharge a large amount of waste gas and sewage big for environment pollution; Water supply volume is large etc.Comparing converted in-situ technology is by underground ore body is carried out to In Situ Heating, realize the underground heat solution exploitation of oil shale, do not destroy earth's surface, without goaf, and pile up without waste residue on earth's surface, environmentally safe, and can apply to the darker oil shale layer of buried depth, be a kind of method that has the hydrocarbonaceous SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES of bright prospects to develop.At present, the method for the underground lysisin situ of oil shale is had a lot.The underground conversing technology of famous shell (ICP) (patent No. CN87100890), Exxon Mobil ElectrofracTM technology (patent No. CN18975168A) is all that the mode that heats by conduction is to underground oil shale layer In Situ Heating, realize the gentle exploitation of shale oil, the method need to be transported to amount of heat underground, firing rate is slower, easily cause amount of heat loss, cost is higher, and due to the thermal expansion of oil shale, cause part closing up of cracks, reduce the permeability of oil shale, and the oil-air pressure producing is lower, cause oil gas recovery rate lower (list of references: gas industry the 29th volume paper " world's oil shale in-situ production technique progress " in 2009).
As far back as the seventies in last century, in the United States Patent (USP) " Shale oil recovery process using heated oil-miscible fluids " (No. 3515213rd, United States Patent (USP)) of Michael Pats application, propose to adopt hot volatile hydrocarbon vapor recycle to descend heatedly oil shale layer; Within 2004, Exxon Mobil is applied for a patent " hydrocarbon of gathering from impermeable oil shale " (patent No. CN18975168A), propose to adopt circulation of fluid, and be mainly that hydro carbons or water or saturated steam come heating oil rammell as heat transfer medium; Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan of China has also proposed by the method for Convective Heating oil shale for exploiting oil gas; Wherein in patent CN1676870A, disclose and passed through hyperthermia and superheating steam to flow transmission heating oil shale ore bed, in patent CN101122226A, openly adopted high pressure-temperature hydrocarbon gas as convective media.But these are as heat transfer medium by high-temperature vapor or hydrocarbon gas these high-temperature gases in the underground mode using Convective Heating oil shale, do not participate in oil shale in kerogenic cracking reaction process, and for guaranteeing the porosity and permeability on stratum, need apply for a long time higher liquid injection pressure, the short circuit that easily forms fluid is that rate of flow of fluid is too fast, does not just flow out stratum with oil shale heat exchange.And the heat absorption capacity coefficient of steam is low, cause heating slowly, water supply volume is large, and cost is increased; High temperature hydrocarbon gas has all proposed higher requirement to heating, injection device and stratum pipeline.In addition, within 2007, Chevron is applied for a patent CN200780013312.4, thereby propose to adopt the dense-phase fluid of normal temperature to realize physics fragmentation and the chemical modification kerogen extraction based products to oil shale layer to Injection Well circulation pressurization with step-down, wherein dense-phase fluid mainly adopts CO
2, the method is mainly by the variation of pressure and CO
2the thermal stress that phase transformation causes increases porosity and the permeability on stratum, and cost is higher, and technical difficulty is large.
Meanwhile, United States Patent (USP) 4483398,4552214 and 4703798 etc. discloses burning subterranean oil shale layer and has extracted the fire flooding of shale oil gas; Domestic many enterprises and colleges and universities have also proposed similar approach in succession; As patent CN102425399A advocates to adopt two vertical shaft patterns, deliver a gas in oil shale formation and at Gas Pipe stomion and fire by being arranged in wherein in a bite well fuel gas and oxygen channel, to realize the heating to oil shale layer, and by pressurization in Liang Koujing, oil shale layer is made to seam; In patent CN102383772A, advocate that the horizontal orientation well by being arranged in oil shale layer bottom comes light fluid rammell, blast oxygen rich gas by different passages and realize forward, reverse and fixed point gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer.And application number for 201310152389.7 and the application number patent that is 201310152533.7 in be to be all transported to heat that underground fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas the produce thermal source as destructive distillation subterranean oil shale layer by igniting.Though this underground combustion completely can provide a large amount of heat for the kerogenic cracking of oil shale, but this is a kind of mode of expendable exploitation, course of reaction is wayward, if it is improper to control, may consume a large amount of oil shales or kerogen, thereby reduced the recovery rate of oil shale, the relatively airtight environment of this external underground humidity, has higher requirement to ignition device and medium.
All there is the shortcomings such as cost is high, and efficiency is low, and thermal losses is large in the above-mentioned underground original position producing oil shale method of mentioning.
Summary of the invention
The oil shale in-situ topochemistry method that the object of this invention is to provide a kind of efficient cracking, energy self-balancing is extracted the method for shale oil gas, the present invention adopts hot mist (specific hydrocarbon hydrocarbon gas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, air etc.) circulation to inject subterranean oil shale layer and realizes extraction shale oil and the fuel gas of original position, and cracking reaction is completed to the high waste heat in region recycles.In whole process, control the hot gas concentration of injecting and reclaiming, and all parameters such as gas volume, temperature, pressure, chemical reaction, bring out a series of " chain reaction " by the temperature that progressively raises, finally realize chemical heat strengthening reaction treatment, produce the also oil and natural gas of Extraction parts.The method is the self-catalysis original position switch technology that a kind of topochemical reaction is brought out, and can realize energy-autarchic and maximum utilization of oil shale cracking.
The present invention utilizes hot mist in subterranean oil shale floor, to form topochemical reaction district; The fuel gas producing to the hot mist in subterranean oil shale layer and reaction by controlling and reclaim note, bring out local chain reaction, along with conversion zone temperature increases gradually, reaction zone scope expands gradually, the oil shale cracking of self-catalysis gradually from inside to outside the most at last, generates shale oil and fuel gas.After chain reaction finishes, continue to inspire in rock stratum by hot mist the reactions such as fixed carbon and produce low-BTU gas, and waste heat is carried out to secondary utilization.
Concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
1, be drilled into few a bite heat injection well and a bite producing well to target oil shale layer, and in heat injection well, be formed with hot mist injection channel; Producing well is formed with gas flow pass and oily pumping passage.
2, the hot mist of 300~450 ℃ is injected into well oil shale layer is tentatively heated by the injection channel of heat injection well, make the formation temperature in topochemical reaction district reach 300~400 ℃; Now, in oil shale, in conjunction with water evaporation, the hole of rock starts constantly to become large, for the migration of shale oil and fuel gas provides passage; Kerogen is mainly decomposed into heated bitumen but is adsorbed in hole, meanwhile has a small amount of hydrocarbon gas to generate, and the hydrocarbon gas of generation is separated;
3, along with the rising gradually of temperature, in heat injection well, pass into the heat of mixing gas that is mixed with isolated hydrocarbon gas, along with the injection of mist, in oil shale layer, there is chain type chemical reaction, emit reaction heat, conversion zone temperature reaches 500~600 ℃, the porosity and permeability of oil shale layer constantly increases, reaction zone is constantly to external expansion, finally realize chemical heat strengthening course of reaction, pyrolyzed bitumen further resolves into the hydrocarbon liquefied compound of high heat and mist, by the oil shale layer cracking of self-catalysis gradually from inside to outside;
4, wherein short chain fuel gas is discharged to earth's surface with other reacted gases gas flow pass from producing well, and part is after separating, and for earth's surface heating mist, part is used for being directly inputted to the interior circular response that participates in of heat injection well;
5,, after chain reaction completes, topochemical reaction regional temperature reaches 900~1200 ℃; Now in heat injection well, pass into the mist such as hot air and water, react with the fixed carbon in oil shale, generate the mist of low-calorie hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
6, in reaction, the fuel gas of generation is collected by the gas flow pass of producing well, and hydrocarbon liquid (shale oil) flows to shaft bottom, by conventional oil extraction pump, releases from the oily pumping passage of producing well;
7, after in region, all topochemical reactions complete, rock temperature reaches 1000 ℃, and mist is re-injected to heat injection well, and the hot mist recycling can directly inject new heat injection well, forms oil shale energy complete utilization chain.
Described producing well is triangular in shape or quadrangle or hexagon or circular distribution centered by heat injection well.
Distance between described heat injection well and producing well and producing well and producing well is 15~25m.
Described heat injection well can increase the porosity of reaction zone oil shale formation by explosion or pressure break mode, and adopts proppant to come filling crack, improves the penetrating power of oil shale layer; Or directly adopt horizontal orientation well to connect heat injection well and producing well, set up gas channel; Also can combine usage level well and fracturing technique, between two parallel horizontal wells, carry out pressure break and expand reaction zone area etc.;
If adopt after the augmenting response district holes such as pressure break or horizontal well pattern or passage technology, the distance between heat injection well and producing well is not subject to the restriction of 15~25m.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is a kind of chemical heat intensive treatment process, hole in the process of reaction in rock can constantly increase, progressively expanded scope, and reaction is more thorough, can in the well group of two well pressure breaks, complete, also can in the well group of level docking, complete, adaptation of methods is strong, to the not requirement of rock stratum buried depth, is suitable for the oil shale reservoir of the various degree of depth, greatly reduce cost of winning and commercial risks, operability is greatly improved.Fundamentally solve the problem that earth's surface retorting technique and existing in-situ techniques are brought, can effectively reduce difficulty of construction and expense, and not polluted underground water of the method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of producing well of the present invention distribution triangular in shape centered by heat injection well.
Fig. 3 is that producing well of the present invention is the schematic diagram that quadrangle distributes centered by heat injection well.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that producing well of the present invention is hexagon or circular distribution centered by heat injection well.
In figure: 1-heat injection well; 2-producing well; 3-non-oil shale layer; 4-oil shale layer; 5-fuel gas; 6-burner; 7-heat interchanger; 8-oil gas water treatment facilities; 9-topochemical reaction district;
The specific embodiment
Example 1: as shown in Figure 1, be twin-well form, the concrete steps of the present embodiment are as follows:
(1) bore completion:
A, two mouthfuls of wells of Drilling, a bite well is heat injection well 1, another mouthful of well is that 2, two mouthfuls of well well spacing of producing well are 25m;
The well of b, two mouthfuls of same process of brill, wherein opening diameter is 150mm, 0~65m aperture is 150mm, lower 146mm sleeve pipe; 65~80m aperture is 130mm, is lowered to diameter 126 floral tubes, the directed perforate of floral tube, and perforate direction is pointed to another mouthful of well, uses well cementing of cement, shaft bottom joints cement base between sleeve pipe and the borehole wall;
C, two wells are communicated with by hydraulically created fracture, and producing well and heat injection well can exchange in implementation process;
D, in heat injection well 1, to be formed with an injection channel, in producing well 2, be formed with gas flow pass and oily pumping passage;
(2) equipment is installed:
A, comprise pumping unit, separation equipment, condensing plant at ground install combustion device 6, heat interchanger 7 and oil gas water treatment facilities 8() and corresponding pipeline and facility etc.;
B, along the borehole wall, measuring and control data cable is installed, is arranged pressure and temperature sensing device in shaft bottom;
C, inside and outside conversion zone, partitioned portion arranges pressure and temp separating device;
(3) stage of reaction:
A, by burner 6 and heat interchanger 7, mist is heated to 300~450 ℃ on earth's surface, in subterranean oil shale layer, injects hot mist by the injection channel in heat injection well 1; Gas injection pressure is less than the gravity pressure of superstratum, and pressurized hot air, at the underground pressure break passage through oil shale reaction zone, slowly flows into producing well 2, until be discharged to earth's surface; The formation temperature in topochemical reaction district is heated to 300~400 ℃ the most at last;
Meeting evaporation water in b, this process, kerogen decomposes in the borehole wall layer contacting with the hot mist place of flowing through and the oil shale of reaction zone inside, the combustion gas of Formed hydrogen compound, light hydrocarbon component, heated bitumen; Increase the pore structure of rock, but the operative liquid heated bitumen producing is still attracted in pore structure;
In c, well, generate gas and arrive ground by the gas flow pass in producing well 2, and separate;
D, in heat injection well 1, pass into the heat of mixing gas that is mixed with isolated hydrocarbon gas according to a certain percentage, along with the injection of mist, chain type chemical reaction occurs in oil shale layer, emit reaction heat;
E, conversion zone temperature reach 500~600 ℃, and the porosity and permeability of oil shale layer constantly increases, and regional temperature is along with reaction is to external expansion;
The heated bitumen of f, now absorption generates the combustion gas of high heat hydrocarbon;
After g, chain reaction complete, topochemical reaction regional temperature reaches 900~1200 ℃;
H, the mist such as logical hot air, water, to oil shale topochemical reaction district, produces combustion gas low in calories, sediment as calcium sulfate (gypsum) with the generation chemical reaction such as fixed carbon and shale oil residue in oil shale again.
K, adjust in real time injection ratio and the discharge pressure of hot combustion gas and air; Object is to control reaction speed and heating rate; Control in real time the speed that reaction zone expands, prevent that too much carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide from appearring in gas, reduces to minimum by the composition of sulphur in shale oil;
(4) post-processing stages
A, the high-temperature gas carrying out in real time from producing well 2, through condensed in two stages, separation; First pass through air cooling heat exchanger one-level cooling, and go out heavy oil by gas-liquid separator separates; It is cooling that residual gas carries out secondary by water cooling heat exchanger, and isolate shale oil, water and gas through oil-water-gas three-phase eliminator, and wherein gas part is isolated pure fuel gas by gas separator;
B, a fuel gas part are for down-hole reaction cycle, and a part is used for burner, and a part stores or generating;
C, the shale oil that utilizes conventional oil production method that reaction is generated and is condensate at the bottom of producing well are pumped into ground;
D, oil are stored in oil storage tank after simple cooling and oily-water seperating equipment;
E, this reaction well group cracking reaction finish, near new region oil shale in-situ cracking starting.Mist is passed into this well group heat injection well 1, and gas, after oil shale conversion zone, out, is heated to 400~450 ℃ from producing well 2.This part hot mist can be directly injected in the heat injection well 1 of new well group, for heating new region oil shale.
Example 2: as shown in Figure 4, group wells pattern, the concrete steps of the present embodiment are as follows:
A, according to oil shale layer distribute, trend, selected heat injection well and producing well particular location, in the working region of delineation, arrange 2 and 7 mouthfuls of heat injection wells 1 of 24 mouthfuls of producing wells, producing well 2 plane distribution are 7 hexagons, 7 heat injection wells 1 are positioned in the middle of the producing well 2 of 7 hexagons distributions, distance between adjacent producing well 2 and producing well 2 is 25m, and the distance between adjacent heat injection well 1 and producing well 2 is 25m;
B, described producing well 2 hexagon centered by heat injection well 1 distributes;
Between c, each heat injection well 1 and producing well 2, be communicated with by hydraulically created fracture;
D, in heat injection well 1, to be formed with a gas injection passage, in producing well 2, be formed with gas flow pass and oily pumping passage;
The implementation step of e, equipment installation, topochemical reaction stage and post-processing stages is installed with (two) equipment in the first embodiment, (three) stage of reaction is identical identical with (four) post-processing stages.
Claims (9)
1. oil shale in-situ topochemistry method is extracted a method for shale oil gas, and the method utilizes hot mist in subterranean oil shale floor, to form topochemical reaction district; The fuel gas producing to the hot mist in subterranean oil shale layer and reaction by controlling and reclaim note, bring out local chain reaction, along with conversion zone temperature increases gradually, reaction zone scope expands gradually, the oil shale cracking of self-catalysis gradually from inside to outside the most at last, generates shale oil and fuel gas.After chain reaction finishes, continue to inspire in rock stratum by hot mist the reactions such as fixed carbon and produce low-BTU gas, and waste heat is carried out to secondary utilization.
2. a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method according to claim 1 is extracted the method for shale oil gas, and the concrete steps of the method are as follows:
(1), be drilled into few a bite heat injection well and a bite producing well to target oil shale layer, and in heat injection well, be formed with hot mist injection channel; Producing well is formed with gas flow pass and oily pumping passage.
(2), the hot mist of 300~450 ℃ is injected into well oil shale layer is tentatively heated by the injection channel of heat injection well, make the formation temperature in topochemical reaction district reach 300~400 ℃; Now, in oil shale, in conjunction with water evaporation, the hole of rock starts constantly to become large, for the migration of shale oil and burning gases provides passage; Kerogen is mainly decomposed into heated bitumen but is adsorbed in hole, meanwhile has a small amount of hydrocarbon gas to generate, and the hydrocarbon gas of generation is separated;
(3), along with the rising gradually of temperature, in heat injection well, pass into the heat of mixing gas that is mixed with isolated hydrocarbon gas, along with the injection of mist, in oil shale layer, there is chain type chemical reaction, emit reaction heat, conversion zone temperature reaches 500~600 ℃, the porosity and permeability of oil shale layer constantly increases, reaction zone is constantly to external expansion, finally realize chemical heat strengthening course of reaction, pyrolyzed bitumen further resolves into the hydrocarbon liquefied compound of high heat and mist, by the oil shale layer cracking of self-catalysis gradually from inside to outside;
(4), wherein short chain fuel gas is discharged to earth's surface with other reacted gases gas flow pass from producing well, partly, after separating, for earth's surface heating mist, is partly used for being directly inputted to participation circular response in heat injection well;
(5), after chain reaction completes, topochemical reaction regional temperature reaches 900~1200 ℃; Now in heat injection well, pass into the mist such as hot air and water, react with the fixed carbon in oil shale, generate the mist of low-calorie hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
(6), in reaction, the gas flow pass of the fuel gas of generation by producing well collected, hydrocarbon liquid (shale oil) flows to shaft bottom, by conventional oil extraction pump, releases from the oily pumping passage of producing well;
(7), after all topochemical reactions complete in region, rock temperature reaches 1000 ℃, and mist is re-injected to heat injection well, the hot mist recycling reaches 450 ℃, can directly inject new heat injection well, forms oil shale energy complete utilization chain.
3. the method for extracting shale oil gas according to a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the method, for the original position exploitation of solid or solidifying state fossil fuel, is adapted to the ore bed of the various degree of depth.
4. extract the method for shale oil gas according to a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method described in claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the method increases the porosity in topochemical reaction district by modes such as explosion, pressure break or horizontal well connections, and gas channel is provided.
5. a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method according to claim 2 is extracted the method for shale oil gas, it is characterized in that: described producing well is triangular in shape or quadrangle or hexagon or circular distribution centered by heat injection well.
6. the method for extracting shale oil gas according to a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method described in claim 2 or 5, is characterized in that: the distance between described heat injection well and producing well and producing well and producing well is 15~25m.
7. the method for extracting shale oil gas according to a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the method is by causing in position local chemical reaction, not at the extraneous conveying high heat that continues of needs; The burning gases that produce are the expansion for reaction in-situ district as reaction gas, and heating mist, also can store or generate electricity.
8. the method for extracting shale oil gas according to a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the method mist used comprises specific hydrocarbon hydrocarbon gas or nitrogen or carbon dioxide or water or oxygen or air.
9. a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry according to claim 1 is extracted the method for shale oil gas, it is characterized in that: after this region well group cracking chemical reaction finishes, reaction can be completed to the waste heat in region, use new conversion zone.
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