CN102628350A - Propane injection exploitation method for shallow heavy oil reservoir - Google Patents
Propane injection exploitation method for shallow heavy oil reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shallow heavy oil reservoir propane injection exploitation method, which comprises the following steps: arranging a horizontal injection and production well pattern in the exploitation area of a shallow heavy oil reservoir, arranging an injection well and a production well in the oil layer at the same vertical plane position to form an injection and production well pair, wherein the injection well is a horizontal injection well, the production well is a horizontal production well, and the horizontal injection and production well pattern comprises at least one pair of injection and production well pairs; performing steam injection circulation preheating through an injection well and a production well simultaneously; when the temperature of the oil layer between the horizontal section of the injection well and the horizontal section of the production well is increased to a preset temperature, the injection well and the production well stop circulating preheating at the same time, the injection well starts to continuously inject propane, and the injection amount of the propane is 5000-25000m3D; the production well begins continuous production. The shallow heavy oil reservoir propane injection exploitation method has the characteristics of high recovery rate, cyclic utilization of propane, low exploitation cost, good economic benefit, low energy consumption, low emission, simple and safe operation, environmental protection and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the exploitation method of the heavy crude reservoir in a kind of oil field, relate in particular to a kind of shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method, belong to field of petroleum exploitation.
Background technology
Viscous crude is a largest crude resources type of whole world 21st century.World's crude oil gross reserves is approximately trillion tons of 1.4-2.1, and wherein 70% is common heavy oil, ultra viscous crude and oil-sand.The viscous crude resource mainly is distributed in countries and regions such as Canada, Venezuela, the U.S., China, 18,000,000,000 tons of China's viscous crude stock numbers, and reserves are huge.Open source information shows that the output of viscous crude, oil-sand will reach 50% of world's crude output at following 20 years, become the important component part that world energy sources is supplied with.Each big oily company of the world is strategic as significant development thickened oil recovery technical research and resource mobility.
Because the underground viscosity of viscous crude is high, therefore flow difficulties adopts conventional cold mining method to yield poorly, and recovery ratio is low, and development effectiveness is poor.But the viscous crude viscosity is very responsive for temperature; Along with temperature raises; Crude viscosity sharply reduces; Therefore at present flowability significantly improves, and the mode of thickened oil recovery mainly is to take measures to improve crude oil fluidity, improve the profit mobility and recently improve crude oil swept volume and displacement efficiency in the world wide, and the exploitation agent technology of heavy crude reservoir mainly is that steam soak, steam flooding, combustion in situ, SAGD (SAGD) heating exploitation of etc.ing are technological.
The steam soak technology is meant periodically injects a certain amount of wet saturated steam in oil reservoir, the crude oil in the certain limit of heating near wellbore zone reduces its viscosity, through drive a well after a period of time method of crude oil extraction of the stewing well of closing well.But steam soak is a kind of step-down exploitation method that consumes stratum energy in essence; For the shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir, especially reservoir buried depth is less than the heavy crude reservoir of 500m, because the pressure of oil reservoir own is little; Little energy; Therefore steam soak is short cycle time, and the economical and effective cycle is few, and recovery ratio is 8%-15% only.
The main body substituted technique of steam flooding after as a kind of steam soak; On the steam soak basis, can improve recovery ratio more than 20%; Obtained successful Application in oil fields such as U.S. Kern River, but owing to need continuously steam in jection, the greenhouse gas emissions that the ground boiler combustion produces are big; Steam in jection is big to the heat waste of top bottom layer simultaneously, and the steam energy consumption is big, and it is low to produce steam oil ratio (SOR), deficiency in economic performance; Especially for the thick-layer heavy crude reservoir, because steam overlap causes oil reservoir bottom crude oil use rate lower, the steam swept volume is limited, and ultimate recovery is lower.
Steam assisted gravity drainage techniques is that Canadian Bulter in 1978 invents, in the Liaohe Oil Field of Canadian oil-sand mining area, China, the heavy crude reservoir on ground such as Xinjiang Oilfield obtained successful Application.Its principle is to inject the well steam in jection, and steam forms vapor chamber in the stratum, and vapor chamber upwards reaches sideways expansion, and with the crude oil generation interchange of heat in the oil reservoir, crude oil after the heating and steam condensate (SC) are let out output in the following horizontal production well by action of gravity.The recovery ratio of steam assisted gravity drainage techniques can reach 40%-60%, is applicable to the exploitation thickness in monolayer greater than the heavy crude reservoir of 15m, but since the steam flowability far above liquid, therefore, steam is scurried into the bottom producing well easily, causes the horizontal segment development degree low.
Situ combustion technology is meant through in oil reservoir, injecting air, through spontaneous ignition or manual firing, makes air in oil reservoir, produce heat to reduce Crude viscosity with the reaction of crude oil generation high-temperature oxydation.Mehsana oil field in Rumanian Suplacude Barcau oil field and India has obtained successful Application, and high 3, high 3-6-18 piece has also been carried out pilot test in China Liaohe Oil Field, because the combustion in situ implementing process is complicated; Need be on ground down-firing and keep high gas injection rate; In addition, the regulation and control of fireflood live wire are difficulty, does not form effective fireflood live wire leading edge control technique at present as yet; In the fireflood process; Live wire is broken through the producing well shaft bottom easily, causes serious potential safety hazard, and therefore on-the-spot success rate is not high.
CN101004132A discloses a kind of exploitation technique for disgorging thick oil by pouring air to assistant steam, and it is to improve recovery ratio and project benefit through in the process of steam soak and steam flooding, injecting air.This method comprises following processing step: heavy oil tested layer carries out the sleeve pipe sand control completion after the drilling well, to suppress shaking out of later stage exploitation; Build up the artificial bottom of a well in the completion process, the high pressure when bearing steam injection and pressure-air; Completion is injected vapours (more than 200 ℃), increases reservoir temperature, reduces the viscous crude viscosity; After treating that reservoir temperature raises, can air be injected same oil reservoir, closing well makes the reaction of crude oil and oxygen generation low-temperature oxidation emit heat and produce carbon dioxide and the gaseous mixture of nitrogen then, increases displacement of reservoir oil energy; Oxidation reaction cleavable viscous crude changes oil component, increases crude oil fluidity and oil quality; Airborne oxygen can most of oxidized reaction consumes fall, and does not produce the potential safety hazard that oil well oxygen causes; Air resource is abundant, can reduce cost.But this method has three subject matters: the one, and this method only provides the air injection auxiliary steam production practice of handling up; But it is a kind of pressure release production technique that relies on the oil reservoir energy in essence that the air injection auxiliary steam is handled up; For the shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir of buried depth less than 500m; Because the reservoir pressure energy is very low, so its recovery ratio is limited; The 2nd, though this method is suitable for the process of steam flooding, not mentioned which kind of technical measures of taking improve the steam flooding heat utilization efficiency, reduce key technical problems such as steam flooding heat waste; The 3rd, the air that does not have explanation in air injection assisted steam flooding process, how to control injection avoids producing the security hidden trouble of oil gas and oxygen mixed gas ignition.
CN101403290A provides a kind of polymer gel displacement of reservoir oil to improve the method for extraction rate of ultra-thick oil.The processing step of this method comprises: at first that the crosslinking agent mother liquor is mixed with water, obtain pre-composition, and mixed proportion is: the crosslinking agent mother liquor: water=1: 1-1.2; Above-mentioned pre-composition is mixed with polymer mother liquor mutually, obtain polymer gel solution, mixed proportion is a pre-composition: polymer mother liquor=1: 500-3000; With the injection well well head in above-mentioned polymer gel injection oil-feed field, the concentration of polymer gel is 1000ppm-7000ppm, and injection pressure is 6MPa-10MPa.This method is used the polymer gel displacement of reservoir oil, can improve the viscosity that injects water, thereby effectively improves the mobility ratio of injecting water and in-place oil, enlarge and inject involving of water and mention the raising oil recovery factor.But this method has three subject matters: the one because ultra viscous crude is meant the crude oil of stock tank oil viscosity greater than 50000 centipoises, the viscosity of polymer gel formula system is not announced in this patent application, open source information show (Hu Yong, Lu Xiangguo. the Al that sewage is prepared
3+Cross-linked polymer gel performance characteristic [J]. oilfield chemistry; 2004; 21 (4): 336-339): the viscosity of polymer gel formula system is no more than 50 centipoises usually; Therefore should inject mobility ratio between fluid and the oil more than 1000, under the high mobility ratio condition like this crude oil swept volume with improve the recovery ratio range value and must discuss; The 2nd, not mentioned this method improves the effect of recovery ratio among the disclosed embodiment of this patent application; The 3rd, polymer gel is trapped in the oil reservoir will cause environment pollution.
CN101122225A provides a kind of vertical that is used for to annotate the fire flood method that the carbonated drink horizontal well recovers the oil.This method is to adopt the compound well group hole pattern of vertical steam injection and horizontal well production, and promptly 6 mouthfuls of vertical notes vapour wells are annotated vapour, and two mouthfuls of producing wells recover the oil, or 9 mouthfuls of vertical notes vapour wells are annotated vapour, 3 mouthfuls of producing wells oil recoveries.Vertical notes vapour well is annotated vapour above piercing oil reservoir 1/2 thickness during drilling well; Horizontal well is positioned at the lower position of vertical group oil reservoir 1/2 thickness; Utilize the top vertical to annotate the gasoline grate firing and burn the top pressure extruding bottom crude oil that the back produces; And crude oil relies on deadweight to flow to net horizontal section from the producing well extraction, and this method has overcome the drawback that exists the oil reservoir easy formation in inner preferential path oil reservoir horizontal direction vapour to scurry, and can improve oil reservoir fireflood ultimate recovery 15%.But the same with the disclosed technical scheme of CN101004132A, the live wire leading edge explosion caused security hidden trouble at the bottom of the producing well of advancing by leaps and bounds is evaded in the undeclared employing of the method that this patent application proposed how control measure.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of notes propane exploitation method that is used for the shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir; Utilize the horizontal well at oil reservoir middle part being higher than the continuous propane that injects under the propane critical pressure condition; The horizontal well of oil reservoir bottom is produced continuously, utilizes convection current diffusion and effect of mass transmitting between supercritical propane and the former oil molecule, extracts the lightweight in the crude oil, middle matter and heavy component; Realize crude oil upgrading and the purpose that increases substantially recovery ratio, characteristics such as this method has recovery ratio height, propane reusable edible, cost of winning is low, good in economic efficiency, energy consumption is low, low emission is low, safety simple to operate, environmental protection on the spot.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method, may further comprise the steps:
(1) in shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir production zone, horizontal flooding pattern is set, in same plan-position (this plan-position is meant the vertical plane position, inject the flat section of well water be positioned at the producing well horizontal segment directly over) oil reservoir a pair of injection well and producing well are set;
(2) carry out steam injection circulation preheating simultaneously through injecting well and producing well;
(3) after the reservoir temperature between the horizontal segment of horizontal segment that injects well and producing well is elevated to predetermined temperature; Inject well and producing well and stop the preheating that circulates simultaneously; Inject well and begin to inject continuously propane, the injection rate of propane increases with the expansion of vapor chamber gradually, descends with vapor chamber and reduces gradually; Usually, the injection rate of propane is 5000-25000m3/d;
(4) producing well begins to recover the oil continuously to produce.
The set-up mode that injects well and producing well can carry out according to the usual manner of this area, and injecting well is that level is injected well, and producing well is a horizontal production well, and in oil reservoir, injecting well and producing well has one section horizontal segment respectively.A pair of injection well and the producing well injector-producer pair that partners.In the present invention, a horizontal flooding pattern comprises at least one pair of injector-producer pair.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention, preferably, the shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir be meant buried depth at 500m with interior heavy crude reservoir.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention; Preferably, in step (1), the horizontal segment that injects well is positioned at the oil reservoir middle part; The horizontal segment of producing well is positioned at the oil reservoir bottom and apart from bottom interface 1-2m, the vertical distance between the horizontal segment of injection well and the horizontal segment of producing well is 5-6m.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention, preferably less when core intersection in step (1), then reduce the well spacing well spacing between the adjacent injector-producer pair in the horizontal flooding pattern, when core intersection is bigger, then increase the well spacing well spacing between the adjacent injector-producer pair.Usually, when core intersection was 15-20m, the well spacing between the adjacent injector-producer pair of horizontal flooding pattern was 60-100m; When core intersection during greater than 20m, the well spacing between the adjacent injector-producer pair of horizontal flooding pattern is 100-150m.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention, preferably, in step (1), the tubing string that injects well and producing well all adopts the tubular column structure of 7 inches screen casings of suspension under 9 inches (in) sleeve pipes.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention; Preferably, all be lowered to parallel long oil pipe and short oil pipe in the screen casing of injection well and producing well, the diameter of long oil pipe is 3.5 inches; The diameter of short oil pipe is 2.375 inches; And the long oil pipe is lowered into the horizontal segment toe-end, and the short oil pipe is lowered into the horizontal segment heel end.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention; Preferably; In step (2), inject the vapor recycle preheating method that well and producing well all adopt the steam injection of long oil pipe, the discharge opeing of short oil pipe, and; The highest steam injection rate need guarantee that the toe-end of horizontal segment annular space and the pressure reduction between the heel end are no more than 0.05MPa, and the steam quality of short oil tube inlet that minimum steam quality need be guaranteed to inject annular space and arrive the horizontal segment heel end from the long oil pipe is greater than 0.Usually, between the vapor recycle warming up period, steam injection rate can be controlled at 60-120 ton/sky.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention; Preferably; In step (2); When time that the vapor recycle preheating is carried out is in 60 days (usually, vapor recycle preheating time is 120-160 days, and here 60 days with the time in the interior process that refers to the vapor recycle preheating); The steam injection pressure of the long oil pipe in the steam injection pressure of the long oil pipe in the annular space of the producing well horizontal segment of injector-producer pair and the annular space of producing well horizontal segment equates, and the discharge opeing pressure of the short oil pipe that the discharge opeing pressure of the short oil pipe that the annular space of bottom producing well horizontal segment is interior and the annular space of top producing well horizontal segment are interior equates.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention, preferably, steam injection pressure and discharge opeing pressure all more than the high 0.5MPa of critical pressure (4.25MPa) than propane, are preferably 0.5-1.0MPa.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention; Preferably; In step (2); In the time of after the time of vapor recycle preheating reaches 60 days, the long oil pipe steam injection pressure that the annular space of producing well horizontal segment is interior and the discharge opeing pressure of short oil pipe reduce 0.3MPa (can reduce steam injection pressure through adjusting reduction notes vapour amount speed and reduce discharge opeing pressure with the bigger choke size of change replacing) simultaneously, but all are higher than the critical pressure of propane; And, inject into well the steam injection pressure of long oil pipe and the discharge opeing pressure of short oil pipe and remain unchanged.Make the pressure reduction of setting up 0.3MPa between the horizontal segment of the horizontal segment that injects well and producing well, the heat transmission between can the acceleration level section, raising crude oil fluidity.Producing well long oil pipe can be realized through the adjustment steam injection rate with the steam injection pressure that injects well long oil pipe; Producing well short oil pipe can be regulated lifting rate through the adjustment choke size with the discharge opeing pressure that injects well short oil pipe, thereby realizes regulating the purpose of discharge opeing pressure.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention; Preferably; In step (3), predetermined temperature is meant that the reservoir temperature that injects between well horizontal segment and the producing well horizontal segment is elevated to more than 120 ℃, reach this predetermined temperature after; The short oil pipe that injects well stops discharge opeing, and the short oil pipe and the long oil pipe that inject well inject propane simultaneously continuously.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention, preferably, in step (3), the injection pressure of injecting the well horizontal segment is higher than the critical pressure (4.25MPa) of propane; This can be realized through improving steam injection rate.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention, preferably, in step (4); The long oil pipe of producing well stops to annotate vapour; The production of recovering the oil continuously simultaneously of the short oil pipe of producing well and long oil pipe, and the flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) of producing well horizontal segment is higher than the critical pressure of propane (4.25MPa); Can realize that choke size is big more through changing choke size, drain age velocity is high more, and the flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) of horizontal segment is low more.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention, preferably, in step (4), producing well horizontal segment and inject injection production pressure difference between the well horizontal segment (steam injection pressure and discharge opeing pressure poor) and be no more than 0.5MPa; The horizontal segment steam injection pressure deducts horizontal segment discharge opeing pressure and equals injection production pressure difference, and steam injection pressure can realize that discharge opeing pressure can be realized through the adjustment choke size through the adjustment injection rate.
In above-mentioned exploitation method provided by the invention, preferably, in step (4); When crude output does not have economic benefit (usually, by 75 dollars of/barrel calculating of oil price, horizontal well day the economic limit of produce oil be 2 tons/day; When being lower than this limit, just can think does not have economic benefit), inject the well closing well; Progressively the production pressure in the annular space of producing well horizontal segment is reduced to 0.6MPa, makes to become gas phase behind the propane subcritical pressure and exploited out.
Shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method provided by the present invention has following technique effect:
(1) exploitation method provided by the present invention adopts the mode of changeing the low pressure differential warm-up cycle behind the pressure reduction such as steam injection; Can heat the crude oil between the injection-production well horizontal segment effectively; Promote the connection of fluid between the horizontal segment; Avoided that injection propane coldly adopts that initial stage crude oil flow resistance is big, be communicated with problem such as difficulty between the injection-production well horizontal segment, realized going up fast produce, the zooming purpose in propane chamber;
(2) owing to vertical distance between the injection-production well horizontal segment is about 5m, it is shorter that the preheating that therefore circulates reaches the predetermined temperature required time, and the steam injection rate is limited, and ground boiler exhaust gas discharge value is little, and environmental pollution is little;
(3) injection pressure and production pressure are more than propane critical pressure 4.25MPa; Make that postcritical propane is the liquid phase that is lighter than viscous crude in oil reservoir; Effectively avoided propane volatilization to produce has channeling, so the has channeling risk can not take place in producing well, make producing well simple to operate; And compare in the SAGD process, it is the key factor that influences the horizontal segment development degree that the vapour of steam is scurried;
(4) through convection current diffusion and effect of mass transmitting between propane and the former oil molecule; Effectively extract the lightweight of crude oil, middle matter and heavy component, thereby reduce Crude viscosity significantly, improve the crude oil flow ability; Realize crude oil upgrading on the spot; Ultimate recovery can reach more than 85%, except a small amount of asphaltene deposits in the reservoir rock surface, all the other components are all by extraction;
(5) in process of production, behind the crude oil propane arrival ground that together extraction comes, under the atmospheric pressure of subcritical pressure, become gas phase rapidly and break away from crude oil, therefore do not need complicated degasification technique; The propane that spins off is refilled oil reservoir, constantly recycles, and can realize the efficient utilization of propane, significantly reduces running cost;
(6) producing latter stage; Through closing the injection well, reduce the producing well flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP), formation pressure is reduced to below the propane critical pressure; Propane undergoes phase transition in oil reservoir becomes gas phase; The violent expansion takes place and by the producing well extraction in volume, thereby reduced the propane that is detained in the oil reservoir hole to greatest extent, reduced propane losses and cost of winning.
Relatively technological with other thickened oil recovery, shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method provided by the present invention also has following technical advantage:
(1) compares heavy crude reservoir and inject CO
2Exploitation method is because CO
2Have stronger corrosiveness, tubing string and pipeline are required height, facilities such as completion, production and ground all need anti-corrosion material, and cost is higher, and the present invention adopts the mode of injecting propane, and propane does not have corrosiveness, requires lower to pipeline;
(2) in the exploitation method of heavy crude reservoir nitrogen injection because nitrogen is non-condensation gas, can't with the crude oil mixed phase; Under higher gas-liquid mobility ratio; Has channeling takes place in nitrogen easily, and oil displacement efficiency and recovery ratio are lower, and the critical pressure of the propane that exploitation method provided by the present invention adopts is low; And, can realize the exploitation of low pressure mixed phase with the complete mixed phase of crude oil ability;
(3) in thick oil filling air low temperature method for oxidation, because the required reservoir temperature of crude oil low-temperature oxidation is more than 50 ℃, so the shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir can't be realized the low-temperature oxidation reaction; The air injection recovery ratio is limited, in addition, and when oxygen content exceeds standard in the gas of output well head; Explosion danger is arranged; Therefore be not suitable for the shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir, and exploitation method provided by the present invention adopts the mode of annotating propane, its development effectiveness and recovery ratio do not receive the restriction of reservoir temperature.
Description of drawings
The sketch map of the horizontal flooding pattern that the notes propane exploitation method that Fig. 1 is provided for embodiment 1 is adopted;
Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c is respectively the sketch map of liter, expansion and decline stage on the propane chamber.
Main drawing reference numeral explanation:
Inject well 1 producing well 2 output knockout drums 3
Oil water separator 4 propane compressor groups 5 are injected casing 6
Inject well short oil pipe 7 and inject well long oil pipe 8 injection well screen casings 9
Producing well sleeve pipe 10 producing well short oil pipes 11 producing well long oil pipes 12
Producing well screen casing 13 superstratums 14 oil reservoirs 15
Propane injects pipeline 16 producing well production fluid pipelines 17 oil water mixtures and transports pipeline 18
Dehydrated oil external transport pipeline 19 propane re-injection pipelines 20 injection well testing cables 21
22 producing well test cables, 23 producing well test points 24 are put in injection well testing
25 propane chambeies 26, propane chamber
The specific embodiment
To understand in order technical characterictic of the present invention, purpose and beneficial effect being had more clearly, technical scheme of the present invention is carried out following detailed description, but but can not be interpreted as qualification at present practical range of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment provides a kind of shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method, the major oil reservoir shallow in burial of this shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir, and average buried depth is 300m, and initial reservoir pressure is 2.8MPa, and the original reservoir temperature is 19 ℃; Crude viscosity is high, and the degassed crude viscosity is 1,050,000 centipoises under the reservoir temperature, effective pay thickiness average out to 15m.
The shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method that present embodiment provides comprises following concrete steps:
A, dispose horizontal flooding pattern
At first inject well (level injection well) 1 and producing well (level injection well) 2 in main force's heavy oil tested layer 15 deployed of this shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir; Inject well 1 and be positioned at same plan-position with producing well 2; Distance between this horizontal injector-producer pair and the adjacent level injector-producer pair is 80m, and the top of oil reservoir 15 is superstratum 14;
Inject well 1 and all be lowered to the intermediate casing that diameter is 9in with producing well 2; Be respectively and inject casing 6 and producing well sleeve pipe 10; Use screen pipe hanger to connect the cutting seam sieve tube of diameter below the sleeve pipe as 7in; Be respectively the injection well screen casing 9 of injection well 1 horizontal segment and the producing well screen casing 13 of producing well 2 horizontal segments, the length of injecting well screen casing 9 is 500m, and the length of producing well screen casing 13 is 500m; Producing well screen casing 13 is 1m with the distance on circle, 15 end of oil reservoir, and the vertical distance of injecting between well screen casing 9 and the producing well screen casing 13 is 5m;
In drilling process, be 5m in order to ensure the vertical distance of injecting between well screen casing 9 and the producing well screen casing 13, utilize the accurate control well track of magnetic steering;
Inject in well 1 and the producing well 2 and all be lowered to short oil pipe and the long oil pipe that is parallel to each other; Be respectively and inject well short oil pipe 7, injection well long oil pipe 8, producing well short oil pipe 11 and producing well long oil pipe 12; Short oil pipe diameter is 2.375in, and long oil pipe diameter is 3.5in, and the short oil pipe is lowered to the horizontal segment heel end; The long oil pipe is lowered to the horizontal segment toe-end, and short oil pipe and long oil pipe are coiled tubing;
In level is injected the annular space of horizontal segment of well 1, evenly distribute 11 thermocouple temperature measurement points and pressure tap promptly inject well horizontal segment temperature (pressure) test point 22, through injection well horizontal segment test cable 21 it are connected with ground test device; In the annular space of the horizontal segment of horizontal production well 2, evenly distribute 11 thermocouple temperature measurement points and pressure tap, promptly producing well horizontal segment temperature (pressure) test point 23, through producing well horizontal segment test cable 24 it are connected with ground test device;
Output knockout drum 3, oil water separator 4 and propane compressor group 5 are set on ground; Wherein, Output knockout drum 3 is connected with the well head of producing well 2 through producing well production fluid pipeline 17; Output knockout drum 3 is connected with propane compressor group 5 through propane re-injection pipeline 20; Output knockout drum 3 transports pipeline 18 through oil water mixture and is connected with oil water separator 4, and oil water separator 4 is connected with dehydrated oil external transport pipeline 19, and propane compressor group 5 is injected pipeline 16 through propane and is connected with the well head that injects well 1.
The sketch map of above-mentioned horizontal flooding pattern is as shown in Figure 1.
B, steam injection circulation preheating
Through injecting well long oil pipe 8 and producing well long oil pipe 12 simultaneously continuous steam in jections; The well head steam quality is 80%; Steam injection rate is 100 tons/day, and the shaft bottom steam injection pressure is 5.3MPa, through injecting well short oil pipe 7 and 11 while of producing well short oil pipe continuous draining; Discharge opeing pressure is 5.2MPa at the bottom of the short oil pipe well, begins isobaric steam injection circulation preheating;
After the circulation preheating 60 days; The steam injection pressure that injects well long oil pipe 8 is constant with the discharge opeing pressure that injects well short oil pipe 7; The shaft bottom steam injection pressure of producing well long oil pipe 12 drops to 5.0MPa (0.3MPa has descended); The shaft bottom discharge opeing pressure of producing well short oil pipe 11 drops to 4.9MPa (0.3MPa has descended), and beginning low pressure steam injection circulation preheating is quickened to inject well screen casing 9 and is communicated with fluid with thermal communication between the producing well screen casing 13;
When the circulation preheating reached 150 days, the oil reservoir medium temperature of injecting between well screen casing 9 and the producing well screen casing 13 rose to 120 ℃, and Crude viscosity drops to below 100 centipoises; Producing well discharge opeing tables of data is bright; Producing well short oil pipe 11 is discharged the liquid moisture content and has been dropped to 85% from 100%, and the crude oil in the oil reservoir obviously increases from the amount that producing well screen casing 13 flows into annular spaces, shows that the oil reservoir crude oil flow ability between injection-production well increases greatly; Reached pre-heat effect; Therefore injecting well short oil pipe 7 stops discharge opeing, and producing well long oil pipe 12 stops steam in jection, and steam injection circulation preheating finishes.
C, the continuous notes are adopted the stage
Inject well short oil pipe 7 and inject the continuous simultaneously propane that injects of well long oil pipe 8, bottomhole injection pressure is 5.3MPa, is higher than propane critical pressure 4.25MPa, and propane injects oil reservoir 15 with liquid phase; Producing well short oil pipe 11 and 12 while of producing well long oil pipe continuous draining, shaft bottom discharge opeing pressure is 4.8MPa, is higher than propane critical pressure 4.25MPa, and the injection production pressure difference that injects between well 1 horizontal segment and producing well 2 horizontal segments remains on 0.5MPa;
The injection rate of injection well short oil pipe 7 is 1: 2 with the ratio of the injection rate of injecting well long oil pipe 8, and the ratio of the drain age velocity of the drain age velocity of producing well short oil pipe 11 and producing well long oil pipe 12 is 1: 2;
Guaranteeing under the prerequisite of pressure stability; Injection rate confirms according to injection pressure, and (formation in propane chamber and to change principle be to inject the propane that is higher than critical pressure injecting well is because the severe of propane severe crude oil in the oil reservoir owing to just begun the propane chamber; Therefore propane because gravitational differentiation makes progress onlap; And its viscosity of crude oil of dissolving propane reduces significantly, and fluid ability obviously improves, and under gravitational differentiation, flows into the producing well of oil reservoir bottom.Constantly the propane of onlap forms the propane chamber in the stratum, and under injection pressure and gravitational differentiation double action, the propane chamber upwards reaches sideways expansion, with the crude oil generation mass exchange in the oil reservoir; When the power extending transversely in propane chamber during less than the propane self gravitation, the propane chamber begins to descend, and finally drops at the bottom of the producing well) less; Drainage area is less, so the propane injection rate is lower, is merely 100 tons/day; Along with continuous convection current diffusion and mass transfer between propane and the former oil molecule; Lightweight in the crude oil, middle matter, heavy component constantly are extracted the oil stream that becomes high fluidity, under the crude oil action of gravity, the crude oil of high fluidity get into the oil reservoir bottom producing well and by extraction.Because the propane molecular mass is all low than viscous crude with density, therefore, shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c (this three width of cloth figure is a schematic cross-section); It is the sketch map of liter, expansion and decline stage on the propane chamber, and the grey color part in 26 outsides, propane chamber is represented the stratum, and propane chamber 26 begins vertical rising under density contrast and gravitational differentiation; After propane chamber 26 vertically rises to the top of oil horizon; Begin extending transverselyly, along with the continuous expansion in propane chamber 26, the injection rate of propane improves constantly; Utilize this injector-producer pair casing programme under this reservoir condition; Inject well 1 the highest injection rate and reached 350 tons/day, the drain age velocity of producing well 2 is controlled by producing well 2 flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP)s, and the highest drain age velocity has reached 380 tons/day.
In recovery process; Get into producing well 2 and got into ground output knockout drum 3 by the propane of together extraction; Because the pressure in the output knockout drum 3 is 1 atmospheric pressure; Be lower than the propane critical pressure; Therefore propane undergoes phase transition the back volatilization rapidly becomes gas and separates with crude oil, and the propane gas of separating gets into propane compressor groups 5 via propane re-injection pipeline 20, and propane compressor group 5 is injected pipeline 16 respectively from injecting well short oil pipe 7 and injecting well long oil pipe 8 and refill oil reservoir 15 with the propane of back production via propane; And the oil water mixture that has separated propane transports pipeline 18 entering oil water separators 4 via oil water mixture, carries out passing through dehydrated oil external transport pipeline 19 outer failing behind the further separating and dehydrating.
D, production ending phase
The propane chamber is extending transversely intersects to 40m place and the right propane chamber of adjacent well, and the propane chamber begins to descend gradually under propane and crude oil gravity and drainage direction effect afterwards, and the injection rate of propane and crude output all begin to get into depletion stage; In the time of near the propane chamber drops to producing well screen casing 13; Daily oil production drops to about 2 tons/day; The percent by volume of the propane in the output liquid reaches more than 90%; Show this well to the crude oil control reserves of place in the oil reservoir basically by extraction, recovery ratio reaches more than 85%, injector-producer pair has got into the production ending phase.
In order to increase economic efficiency, need extraction propane as far as possible, reduce the delay of propane in the oil reservoir hole, because producing well 2 bottom pressures are controlled at 4.8MPa, the propane in the oil reservoir is in a liquid state, its specific volume is 0.0044m under this pressure condition
3/ kg, when producing well 2 flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP)s dropped to 0.6MPa, propane evaporated into gaseous state, and its specific volume is 0.079m
3/ kg, during than 4.25MPa volume expansion 17 times, therefore; After producing well 2 flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP)s drop to 0.6MPa; Propane volume liquid in oil reservoir hole and the propane chamber will acutely expand, and the propane gas quality of being detained in the unit voids volume in the oil reservoir significantly reduces, and a large amount of propane are by extraction.For this reason, in the production ending phase, take to reduce the strategy of producing well flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP), the producing well flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) is dropped to 0.6MPa, making propane is gas phase from liquid phase transition, realizes highly reclaiming, and result of calculation shows that propane recovery reaches 92%.
Table 1 is the production and the economic benefit situation statistics of present embodiment.As shown in table 1, from the condition of production, adopt the development scheme of changeing steam flooding behind the horizontal well steam soak, the economical and effective production time is about 8.5 years, and the accumulative total oil production is about 7.55 * 10
4T, ultimate recovery is about 43.1%, is 9 years and adopt present embodiment that the economical and effective production time of method is provided, and the accumulative total oil production is 15.24 * 10
4T, ultimate recovery are 87.0%, have increased substantially 43.9 percentage points than the former.From economic efficiency contrast,, adopt the development scheme of changeing steam flooding behind the horizontal well steam soak owing to needing to inject continuously a large amount of steam with 50 dollars of/barrel calculating of oil price; It is higher that the ground boiler produces steam cost; Producing steam cost per ton at present is 14 yuan, so the produce oil cost is higher, and financial net present value NPV is 6,189 ten thousand yuan; Internal rate of return irr is 23%, needs recoup capital outlay in 3.2 years; And adopt the exploitation method of present embodiment, because the whole re-injections of output propane, final propane recovery reaches 92%, has only 8% propane to be trapped in the oil reservoir, so cost of winning is well below the steam injection cost; Simultaneously, the method injection mode of present embodiment is simple, and operating cost significantly reduces, so the final financial net present value NPV of the method for present embodiment reached 24,477 ten thousand yuan, and internal rate of return irr reaches 97%, 1.5 year and can recoup capital outlay.
Table 1
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment provides a kind of shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method; This shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir is the oil reservoir of shallow layer thick oil oil district, Xinjiang Oilfield wind city gulf, eight roads group; The average buried depth of major oil reservoir in this viscous crude oil district is 220m, and effective pay thickiness average out to 17m, initial reservoir pressure are 2.0MPa; The original reservoir temperature is 17 ℃, and the degassed crude viscosity is 870,000 centipoises under the reservoir temperature.
The shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method that present embodiment provides comprises following concrete steps:
A, deployment horizontal well
At first inject well (level injection well) 1 and producing well (level injection well) 2 in main force's heavy oil tested layer 15 deployed of this shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir; Inject well 1 and be positioned at same plan-position with producing well 2; Distance between this horizontal injector-producer pair and the adjacent level injector-producer pair is 80m, and the top of oil reservoir 15 is superstratum 14;
Inject well 1 and all be lowered to the intermediate casing that diameter is 9in with producing well 2; Be respectively and inject casing 6 and producing well sleeve pipe 10; Use screen pipe hanger to connect the cutting seam sieve tube of diameter below the sleeve pipe as 7in; Be respectively the injection well screen casing 9 of injection well 1 horizontal segment and the producing well screen casing 13 of producing well 2 horizontal segments, the length of injecting well screen casing 9 is 500m, and the length of producing well screen casing 13 is 500m; Producing well screen casing 13 is 1m with the distance on circle, 15 end of oil reservoir, and the vertical distance of injecting between well screen casing 9 and the producing well screen casing 13 is 5m;
In drilling process, be 5m in order to ensure the vertical distance of injecting between well screen casing 9 and the producing well screen casing 13, utilize the accurate control well track of magnetic steering;
Inject in well 1 and the producing well 2 and all be lowered to short oil pipe and the long oil pipe that is parallel to each other; Be respectively and inject well short oil pipe 7, injection well long oil pipe 8, producing well short oil pipe 11 and producing well long oil pipe 12; Short oil pipe diameter is 2.375in, and long oil pipe diameter is 3.5in, and the short oil pipe is lowered to the horizontal segment heel end; The long oil pipe is lowered to the horizontal segment toe-end, and the type of short oil pipe and long oil pipe is coiled tubing;
In level is injected the annular space of horizontal segment of well 1, evenly distribute 11 thermocouple temperature measurement points and pressure tap promptly inject well horizontal segment temperature (pressure) test point 22, through injection well horizontal segment test cable 21 it are connected with ground test device; In the annular space of the horizontal segment of horizontal production well 2, evenly distribute 11 thermocouple temperature measurement points and pressure tap, promptly producing well horizontal segment temperature (pressure) test point 23, through producing well horizontal segment test cable 24 it are connected with ground test device;
Output knockout drum 3, oil water separator 4 and propane compressor group 5 are set on ground; Wherein, Output knockout drum 3 is connected with the well head of producing well 2 through producing well production fluid pipeline 17; Output knockout drum 3 is connected with propane compressor group 5 through propane re-injection pipeline 20; Output knockout drum 3 transports pipeline 18 through oil water mixture and is connected with oil water separator 4, and oil water separator 4 is connected with dehydrated oil external transport pipeline 19, and propane compressor group 5 is injected pipeline 16 through propane and is connected with the well head that injects well 1.
The sketch map of above-mentioned horizontal flooding pattern is as shown in Figure 1.
B, steam injection circulation pipeline start up by preheating
Through injecting well long oil pipe 8 and producing well long oil pipe 12 simultaneously continuous steam in jections; The well head steam quality is 75%; Steam injection rate is 100 tons/day, and the shaft bottom steam injection pressure is 5.3MPa, through injecting well short oil pipe 7 and 11 while of producing well short oil pipe continuous draining; Discharge opeing pressure is 5.2MPa at the bottom of the short oil pipe well, begins isobaric steam injection circulation preheating;
After the circulation preheating 60 days; The steam injection pressure that injects well long oil pipe 8 is constant with the discharge opeing pressure that injects well short oil pipe 7; The shaft bottom steam injection pressure of producing well long oil pipe 12 drops to 5.0MPa (0.3MPa has descended); The shaft bottom discharge opeing pressure of producing well short oil pipe 11 drops to 4.9MPa (0.3MPa has descended), and beginning low pressure steam injection circulation preheating is quickened to inject well screen casing 9 and is communicated with fluid with thermal communication between the producing well screen casing 13;
When the circulation preheating reached 130 days, the oil reservoir medium temperature of injecting between well screen casing 9 and the producing well screen casing 13 rose to 120 ℃, and Crude viscosity drops to below 100 centipoises; Producing well discharge opeing tables of data is bright; Producing well short oil pipe 11 is discharged the liquid moisture content and has been dropped to 87% from 100%, and the crude oil in the oil reservoir obviously increases from the amount that producing well screen casing 13 flows into annular spaces, shows that the oil reservoir crude oil flow ability between injection-production well increases greatly; Reached pre-heat effect; Therefore injecting well short oil pipe 7 stops discharge opeing, and producing well long oil pipe 12 stops steam in jection, and steam injection circulation preheating finishes.
C, the continuous notes are adopted the stage
Inject well short oil pipe 7 and inject the continuous simultaneously propane that injects of well long oil pipe 8, bottomhole injection pressure is 5.3MPa, is higher than propane critical pressure 4.25MPa, and propane injects oil reservoir 15 with liquid phase; Producing well short oil pipe 11 and 12 while of producing well long oil pipe continuous draining, shaft bottom discharge opeing pressure is 4.8MPa, is higher than propane critical pressure 4.25MPa, and the injection production pressure difference that injects between well 1 horizontal segment and producing well 2 horizontal segments remains on 0.5MPa;
The injection rate of injection well short oil pipe 7 is 1: 2 with the ratio of the injection rate of injecting well long oil pipe 8, and the ratio of the drain age velocity of the drain age velocity of producing well short oil pipe 11 and producing well long oil pipe 12 is 1: 2;
Guaranteeing under the prerequisite of pressure stability; Injection rate confirms that according to injection pressure along with the continuous expansion in propane chamber, the injection rate of propane improves constantly; Utilize this injector-producer pair casing programme under this reservoir condition; Inject well 1 the highest injection rate and reached 390 tons/day, the drain age velocity of producing well 2 is controlled by producing well 2 flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP)s, and the highest drain age velocity has reached 410 tons/day;
In recovery process; Get into producing well 2 and got into ground output knockout drum 3 by the propane of together extraction; The propane gas of separating gets into propane compressor group 5 via propane re-injection pipeline 20; Propane compressor group 5 refills oil reservoir 15 from injecting well short oil pipe 7 with injection well long oil pipe 8 with the propane of back production respectively via propane injection pipeline 16; And the oil water mixture that has separated propane transports pipeline 18 entering oil water separators 4 via oil water mixture, carries out passing through dehydrated oil external transport pipeline 19 outer failing behind the further separating and dehydrating.
D, production ending phase
The propane chamber is extending transversely intersects to 50m place and the right propane chamber of adjacent well, and the propane chamber begins to descend gradually under propane and crude oil gravity and drainage direction effect afterwards, and the injection rate of propane and crude output all begin to get into depletion stage; In the time of near the propane chamber drops to producing well screen casing 13; Daily oil production drops to about 2 tons/day; The percent by volume of propane reaches more than 90% in the output liquid; Show this well to the crude oil control reserves of place in the oil reservoir basically by extraction, recovery ratio reaches more than 87%, injector-producer pair has got into the production ending phase.
In order to increase economic efficiency, need extraction propane as far as possible, reduce the delay of propane in the oil reservoir hole; In the production ending phase, take to reduce the strategy of producing well flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP), the producing well flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) is dropped to 0.6MPa; Making propane is volume expanding and by extraction ground after the gas phase from liquid phase transition; Realize highly reclaiming, result of calculation shows that propane recovery reaches 93%.
Table 2 is the production and the economic benefit situation statistics of present embodiment.As shown in table 2, from the condition of production, adopt the development scheme of changeing steam flooding behind the horizontal well steam soak, the economical and effective production time is about 9.9 years, and the accumulative total oil production is about 10.24 * 10
4T, ultimate recovery is about 41.3%, and the method economical and effective production time of present embodiment is about 11 years, the accumulative total oil production is about 21.98 * 10
4T, ultimate recovery is about 88.6%, has increased substantially 44.7 percentage points than the former.From economic efficiency contrast,, adopt the development scheme of changeing steam flooding behind the horizontal well steam soak owing to needing to inject continuously a large amount of steam with 50 dollars of/barrel calculating of oil price; It is higher that the ground boiler produces steam cost; Producing steam cost per ton at present is 14 yuan, so the produce oil cost is higher, and financial net present value NPV is 8,814 ten thousand yuan; Internal rate of return irr is 21%, needs recoup capital outlay in 2.9 years; And adopt the exploitation method of present embodiment, because the whole re-injections of output propane, final propane recovery reaches 93%, has only 7% propane to be trapped in oil reservoir, so cost of winning is well below the steam injection cost; Simultaneously, the exploitation method injection mode of present embodiment is simple, and operating cost significantly reduces, so the final financial net present value NPV of the exploitation method of present embodiment reached 37,067 ten thousand yuan, and internal rate of return irr reaches 99%, 1.4 year and can recoup capital outlay.
Table 2
Therefore, from manufacturing process, the exploitation method low operation cost of present embodiment; From production effect; The oil recovery factor that the exploitation method of present embodiment obtains is higher than the recovery ratio that steam soak changes steam flooding far away, and from economic benefit, the exploitation method of present embodiment is because of the advantage of its low energy consumption low emission; Can obtain good economic benefits, have the very strong ability to ward off risks.
Claims (15)
1. shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir injection propane exploitation method, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) in shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir production zone, horizontal flooding pattern is set; In the oil reservoir of same vertical plane position, be provided with and inject well and a bite producing well flatly; Form an injector-producer pair; Said injection well is that level is injected well, and said producing well is a horizontal production well, and this horizontal flooding pattern comprises at least one pair of injector-producer pair;
(2) carry out steam injection circulation preheating simultaneously through injecting well and producing well;
(3) after the reservoir temperature between the horizontal segment of horizontal segment that injects well and producing well is elevated to predetermined temperature, inject well and producing well and stop the preheating that circulates simultaneously, to inject well and begin to inject continuously propane, the injection rate of propane is 5000-25000m
3/ d;
(4) producing well begins to recover the oil continuously to produce.
2. exploitation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said shallow layer thick oil oil reservoir be meant buried depth at 500m with interior heavy crude reservoir.
3. exploitation method as claimed in claim 1; Wherein, In said step (1); The horizontal segment of said injection well is positioned at the oil reservoir middle part, and the horizontal segment of said producing well is positioned at the oil reservoir bottom and apart from bottom interface 1-2m, the vertical distance between the horizontal segment of said injection well and the horizontal segment of said producing well is 5-6m.
4. exploitation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in said step (1), when core intersection was 15-20m, the well spacing between the adjacent injector-producer pair of said horizontal flooding pattern was 60-100m; When core intersection during greater than 20m, the well spacing between the adjacent injector-producer pair of said horizontal flooding pattern is 100-150m.
5. exploitation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in said step (1), the tubing string of said injection well and said producing well all adopts the tubular column structure of 7 inches screen casings of suspension under 9 inches sleeve pipes.
6. exploitation method as claimed in claim 5; Wherein, all be lowered to parallel long oil pipe and short oil pipe in the screen casing of said injection well and said producing well, the diameter of long oil pipe is 3.5 inches; The diameter of short oil pipe is 2.375 inches; And said long oil pipe is lowered into the horizontal segment toe-end, and said short oil pipe is lowered into the horizontal segment heel end.
7. exploitation method as claimed in claim 6; Wherein, In said step (2), said injection well and said producing well all adopt the vapor recycle preheating method of the steam injection of long oil pipe, the discharge opeing of short oil pipe, and; The highest steam injection rate need guarantee that the toe-end and the pressure reduction between the heel end of the annular space of horizontal segment are no more than 0.05MPa, and the steam quality of short oil tube inlet that minimum steam quality need be guaranteed to inject annular space and arrive the horizontal segment heel end from the long oil pipe is greater than 0.
8. exploitation method as claimed in claim 7; Wherein, In said step (2); When time that the vapor recycle preheating is carried out was in 60 days, the long oil pipe steam injection pressure in the producing well horizontal segment annular space of said injector-producer pair equated with long oil pipe steam injection pressure in injecting well horizontal segment annular space, and the discharge opeing pressure of the short oil pipe that the discharge opeing pressure of the short oil pipe in the producing well horizontal segment annular space and injection well horizontal segment annular space are interior equates.
9. like claim 1 or 8 described exploitation methods, wherein, said steam injection pressure and said discharge opeing pressure are all than the high 0.5-1.0MPa of critical pressure of propane.
10. like claim 7 or 8 described exploitation methods; Wherein, in said step (2), in the time of after the time of vapor recycle preheating reaches 60 days; The steam injection pressure of the long oil pipe in the annular space of bottom producing well horizontal segment and the discharge opeing pressure of short oil pipe reduce 0.3MPa simultaneously; But the critical pressure that all is higher than propane, and top injects into well the steam injection pressure of long oil pipe and the discharge opeing pressure of short oil pipe remains unchanged.
11. like claim 1 or 6 described exploitation methods; Wherein, In said step (3), predetermined temperature is meant that the reservoir temperature that injects between well horizontal segment and the producing well horizontal segment is elevated to more than 120 ℃, reach this predetermined temperature after; The short oil pipe that injects well stops discharge opeing, and the short oil pipe and the long oil pipe that inject well inject propane simultaneously continuously.
12. like claim 1 or 11 described exploitation methods, wherein, in said step (3), the injection pressure of injecting the well horizontal segment is higher than the critical pressure of propane.
13. like claim 1 or 11 described exploitation methods, wherein, in said step (4); The long oil pipe of producing well stops to annotate vapour; The production of recovering the oil continuously simultaneously of the short oil pipe of producing well and long oil pipe, and the flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) of producing well horizontal segment is higher than the critical pressure of propane.
14. like claim 1 or 11 described exploitation methods, wherein, in said step (4), producing well horizontal segment and the injection production pressure difference that injects between the well horizontal segment are no more than 0.5MPa.
15. like claim 1 or 11 described exploitation methods, wherein, in said step (4); When crude output does not have economic benefit; Inject the well closing well, progressively the production pressure in the annular space of producing well horizontal segment is reduced to 0.6MPa, make to become gas phase behind the propane subcritical pressure and exploited out.
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