CN103790563B - A kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method extracts the method for shale oil gas - Google Patents
A kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method extracts the method for shale oil gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that oil shale in-situ topochemistry method extracts shale oil gas, the method utilizes heat mixing gas to form the chemical reaction zone of local in subterranean oil shale layer; In whole process, by controlling the hot mixed gas concentration injecting and reclaiming, bring out a series of " chain reaction ", along with reaction zone temperature gradually rise, scope expands gradually, the porosity and permeability of oil shale layer constantly increases, final realize chemistry heat strengthening reaction treatment, by oil shale layer autocatalytic cleavage gradually from inside to outside, generate shale oil and fuel gas. After chain reaction terminates, continue through heat mixing gas to inspire in rock stratum the reactions such as fixed carbon and produce low-BTU gas, and the high waste heat circulation that cracking reaction completes region uses, it is achieved the energy-autarchic of oil shale cracking and maximum utilization. Present invention reduces cost of winning, environmental hazard and commercial risks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil shale recovery technology, particularly to a kind of method that oil shale in-situ topochemical reaction method extracts shale oil gas, the Technology of the method and implementation can cause the chemical reaction of local to carry out the organic matter in cracked oil shale in subterranean oil shale layer original position, thus extracting shale oil and fuel gas, and cracking reaction is completed region carry out high waste heat circulation use. It is that one can realize oil shale in-situ cracking energy-autarchic and the maximized method of heat utilization ratio. Technique method can be widely used in the in-situ retorting of solid or solidifying state fossil fuel (oil shale, coal, viscous crude).
Background technology
More than 20 year of past, the whole world rapid development to energy demand, oil price also one creates the highest again. In 2012, the consumption of global crude oil reached 89,050,000 barrels/day, and american energy office predicts, to the year two thousand thirty, oil extraction amount in the world's will arrive peak, can decline rapidly afterwards, and to the year two thousand fifty, minable crude oil will be progressively exhausted. Chinese energy situation is more urgent, and each large oilfield production capacity has started to be gradually reduced, and within 2012, oil interdependency has reached 57%, serious threat Chinese energy safety. Find fungible energy source and become the task of top priority, and oil shale becomes the major fields of countries in the world energy development with its huge reserves.
Oil shale is the solid combustible organic sedimentary rock of a kind of high mineral content, composes and deposits not full ripe organic matter-kerogen, can obtain oil shale oil and oil shale gas through pyrolysis (low temperature distillation). A series of physical-chemical reaction can occur in pyrolytic process, and heating initial stage Bound moisture can distill, and kerogen is heated and changes into Colophonium subsequently, and heated bitumen further decomposes into the fuel gas of shale oil, and last remnant organic matter and inorganic mineral progressively decompose. How in pyrolytic process, to control physical-chemical reaction, make oil shale pyrolysis energy output, consume than the most reasonable, become the key factor of technical feasibility.
At present, the technology of oil shale extraction shale oil gas mainly divides two big classes: earth's surface retorting technique and converted in-situ technology. earth's surface retorting technique is widely used in the husky mud Asia of love, the U.S., China, Canadian and Brazilian etc. but earth's surface dry distilling produces shale oil specifically a lot of shortcomings: excacation amount is big, and cost is high, it is easily formed goaf, causes land subsidence, a large amount of residue treatment difficulty are big, and accumulating amount is big, easily causes secondary pollution, discharge substantial amounts of waste gas and sewage is big for environment pollution, water consumption is big. comparing converted in-situ technology is by underground ore bodies is carried out In Situ Heating, realize the underground heat solution exploitation of oil shale, do not destroy earth's surface, without goaf, and earth's surface is without waste residue accumulation, environmentally safe, and can apply to the oil shale layer that buried depth is deeper, is a kind of method that develops of hydrocarbonaceous SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES having bright prospects. at present, the method for oil shale underground in situ cracking is had a lot. famous shell in-situ conversion Technology (ICP) (patent No. CN87100890), Exxon Mobil ElectrofracTM technology (patent No. CN18975168A) is all to underground oil shale layer In Situ Heating by the mode of conduction heating, realize the exploitation that shale oil is gentle, the method needs amount of heat to be transported to underground, firing rate is slower, easily cause amount of heat loss, relatively costly, and due to the thermal expansion of oil shale, partial fracture is caused to close, reduce the permeability of oil shale, and the oil-air pressure that produces is relatively low, cause oil gas recovery rate relatively low (list of references: gas industry the 29th volume paper " world's oil shale in-situ production technique progress " in 2009).
In the seventies in last century, the United States Patent (USP) " Shaleoilrecoveryprocessusingheatedoil-misciblefluids " (U.S. Patent No. 3515213) of MichaelPats application, propose to adopt the volatile hydrocarbon steam circulating-heating subterranean oil shale floor of heat; Within 2004, Exxon Mobil applies for a patent " from impermeable oil shale recovering hydrocarbon " (patent No. CN18975168A), it is proposed to adopt circulation of fluid, and mainly hydro carbons or water or saturated steam carry out heating oil shale layer as heat carrier; Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan of China it is also proposed the method by Convective Heating oil shale for exploiting oil gas; Wherein by hyperthermia and superheating steam convection pass heating oil shale ore bed disclosed in patent CN1676870A, adopt high pressure-temperature hydrocarbon gas as convective media disclosed in patent CN101122226A. But these by high-temperature vapor or hydrocarbon gas in underground using in the way of Convective Heating oil shale simply these high-temperature gases as heat carrier, it is not engaged in oil shale in kerogenic cracking reaction process, and for ensureing the porosity and permeability on stratum, higher liquid injection pressure need to be applied for a long time, the short circuit and the rate of flow of fluid that easily form fluid are too fast, just do not flow out stratum with oil shale heat exchange. And the heat absorption capacity coefficient of steam is low, causing that heating is slowly, water consumption is big, makes cost increase; Heating, injection device and stratum pipeline are all proposed higher requirement by high temperature hydrocarbon gas. In addition, within 2007, CN200780013312.4 applied for a patent by Chevron, the dense-phase fluid of proposition employing room temperature is pressurizeed by injection well circulation and the physics of oil shale layer is crushed in blood pressure lowering realization and chemical modification is thus kerogen extraction based products, and wherein dense-phase fluid mainly adopts CO2, the method is mainly by the change of pressure and CO2The thermal stress that phase transformation causes is to increase porosity and the permeability on stratum, and relatively costly, technical difficulty is big.
Meanwhile, United States Patent (USP) 4483398,4552214 and 4703798 etc. disclose burning subterranean oil shale layer and extract the fire flooding of shale oil gas; Domestic many enterprises and colleges and universities also propose similar approach in succession; As patent CN102425399A advocates to adopt two vertical shaft patterns, by being arranged therein in a bite well, fuel gas and oxygen channel deliver a gas in oil shale formation and light at the combustion gas mouth of pipe, to realize the heating to oil shale layer, and by pressurizeing in Liang Koujing, oil shale layer is made seam; Patent CN102383772A advocates come light fluid rammell by the horizontal orientation well being arranged in bottom oil shale layer, blast oxygen rich gas by different passages and realize forward, reverse and fixed point gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer. And application number is be all be transported to heat produced by the fuel gas of underground and combustion-supporting gas by igniting as the thermal source of dry distilling subterranean oil shale layer in 201310152389.7 and patent that application number is 201310152533.7. Though this underground combustion completely can provide substantial amounts of heat for cracking kerogenic in oil shale, but this is the mode of a kind of expendable exploitation, course of reaction is wayward, if it is improper to control, substantial amounts of oil shale or kerogen may be consumed, thus reducing the extraction ratio of oil shale, the environment that this external underground is moist relatively airtight, ignition device and medium there are is higher requirement.
All there is cost height in ground in-situ exploitation oil shale method mentioned above, the shortcomings such as efficiency is low, and thermal losses is big.
Summary of the invention
The method that it is an object of the invention to provide the oil shale in-situ topochemistry method extraction shale oil gas of a kind of efficient cracking, energy self-balancing, the present invention adopts heat mixing gas (specific hydrocarbon hydrocarbon gas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, air etc.) circulation to inject in subterranean oil shale layer the extraction shale oil and the fuel gas that realize original position, and cracking reaction completes region height waste heat is circulated use. In whole process, control the hot gas concentration injected and reclaim, and all parameters such as gas volume, temperature, pressure, chemical reaction, a series of " chain reaction " is brought out, the final oil and natural gas realizing the heat strengthening reaction treatment of chemistry, generation and extracting part by being stepped up temperature. The method is the self-catalysis original position switch technology that a kind of topochemical reaction is brought out, it may be achieved the energy-autarchic of oil shale cracking and maximum utilization.
The present invention utilizes heat mixing gas to form topochemical reaction district in subterranean oil shale floor; By controlling and reclaim the heat mixing gas noted in subterranean oil shale layer and the produced fuel gas of reaction, bring out the chain reaction of local, along with conversion zone temperature is gradually increased, reaction zone scope expands gradually, oil shale autocatalytic cleavage gradually from inside to outside the most at last, generates shale oil and fuel gas. After chain reaction terminates, continue through heat mixing gas and produce low-BTU gas to inspire in rock stratum the reactions such as fixed carbon, and waste heat is carried out secondary utilization.
The present invention specifically comprises the following steps that
1, it is drilled into few a bite heat injection well and a bite producing well to targeted oil shale layer, and in heat injection well, is formed with heat mixing gas injection channel; Producing well is formed with gas flow pass and oil pumping passage.
2, the heat of 300��450 DEG C mix gas injected into well by the injection channel of heat injection well oil shale layer is tentatively heated, make the formation temperature in topochemical reaction district reach 300��400 DEG C;Now, Bound moisture evaporation in oil shale, the hole of rock starts constantly to become big, and the migration for shale oil and fuel gas provides passage; Kerogen main decomposition is heated bitumen but is adsorbed in hole, meanwhile has a small amount of hydrocarbon gas to generate, and is easily separated by the hydrocarbon gas of generation;
3, gradually rising along with temperature, the heat of mixing gas being mixed with isolated hydrocarbon gas is passed in heat injection well, injection along with mixing gas, chain type chemical reaction is there is in oil shale layer, release reaction heat, conversion zone temperature reaches 500��600 DEG C, the porosity and permeability of oil shale layer constantly increases, the continuous outward expansion in reaction zone, the final heat strengthening course of reaction realizing chemistry, pyrolyzed bitumen further decomposes into the hydrocarbon liquefied compound of high heat and mixing gas, by oil shale layer autocatalytic cleavage gradually from inside to outside;
4, wherein short chain fuel gas is discharged to earth's surface with other reacted gases gas flow pass from producing well, and part, after separating, for earth's surface heating mixing gas, is partly used for being directly inputted in heat injection well and participates in circular response;
5, after chain reaction completes, topochemical reaction regional temperature reaches 900��1200 DEG C; In heat injection well, now pass into the mixing gas such as hot-air and water, react with the fixed carbon in oil shale, generate the mixing gas of low-calorie hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
6, in reaction, the fuel gas of generation is collected by the gas flow pass of producing well, and hydrocarbon liquid (shale oil) stream, to shaft bottom, by conventional oil extraction pump, is released from the oily pumping passage of producing well;
7, after in region, all topochemical reactions complete, rock temperature reaches 1000 DEG C, and mixing gas is re-injected heat injection well, and the heat mixing gas recycled can be directly injected in new heat injection well, forms oil shale energy complete utilization chain.
Described producing well is triangular in shape or tetragon or hexagon or circular distribution centered by heat injection well.
Distance between described heat injection well and producing well and producing well and producing well is 15��25m.
Described heat injection well can increase the porosity of reaction zone oil shale formation by explosion or pressure break mode, and adopts proppant to come filling crack, improves the penetrating power of oil shale layer; Or directly adopt horizontal orientation well to connect heat injection well and producing well, it is established that gas channel; Horizontal well and fracturing technique can also be used in combination, between two parallel horizontal wells, carry out pressure break expand reaction zone area etc.;
After augmenting response district's hole such as pressure break or horizontal patterns or passage technology, the distance between heat injection well and producing well is not by the restriction of 15��25m.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention is a kind of chemical heat intensive treatment process, in the process of reaction, the hole in rock can constantly increase, progressively expanded scope, and reaction is more thoroughly, can complete in the well group of two well pressure breaks, also can complete in the well group of level docking, adaptation of methods is strong, to the not requirement of rock stratum buried depth, is suitable for the oil shale formation of the various degree of depth, greatly reducing cost of winning and commercial risks, operability is greatly improved. Fundamentally solve earth's surface retorting technique and problem that existing in-situ techniques is brought, can effectively reduce difficulty of construction and expense, and the method not polluted underground water.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is principles of the invention figure.
Fig. 2 is the producing well of present invention schematic diagram of distribution triangular in shape centered by heat injection well.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the producing well of the present invention is distributed in tetragon centered by heat injection well.
Fig. 4 is the producing well of present invention schematic diagram of hexagonal or circular distribution centered by heat injection well.
In figure: 1 heat injection well; 2 producing wells; 3 non-oil shale layer; 4 oil shale layer; 5 fuel gas; 6 burners; 7 heat exchangers; 8 oil gas water treatment facilities; 9 topochemical reaction districts;
Detailed description of the invention
Example 1: as it is shown in figure 1, be twin-well form, specifically comprising the following steps that of the present embodiment
(1) it is drilled well:
A, two mouthfuls of wells of Drilling, a bite well is heat injection well 1, and another mouthful of well is producing well 2, and two mouthfuls of well well spacing are 25m;
B, bore two mouthfuls of same process well, wherein opening diameter is 150mm, 0��65m aperture is 150mm, lower 146mm sleeve pipe; 65��80m aperture is 130mm, under enter diameter 126 floral tube, floral tube orientation perforate, another mouthful of well is pointed in perforate direction, with well cementing of cement between sleeve pipe and the borehole wall, shaft bottom joints cement base;
C, two wells are connected by hydraulically created fracture, and producing well and heat injection well can exchange in implementation process;
D, in heat injection well 1, to be formed with an injection channel, in producing well 2, be formed with gas flow pass and oil pumping passage;
(2) equipment is installed:
A, on ground, burner 6 is installed, heat exchanger 7 and oil gas water treatment facilities 8(include pumping unit, separation equipment, condensing plant) and corresponding pipeline and facility etc.;
B, along the borehole wall install measuring and control data cable, shaft bottom arrange pressure and temperature sensing device;
C, inside and outside conversion zone, segregated portion arranges pressure and temp separating device;
(3) stage of reaction:
A, mixed gas by burner 6 and heat exchanger 7 and be heated to 300��450 DEG C on earth's surface, in subterranean oil shale layer, inject heat mixing gas by the injection channel in heat injection well 1; Gas injection pressure is less than the gravity pressure of superstratum, and pressurized hot-air through the pressure break passage of oil shale reaction zone, flows slowly into producing well 2 in underground, until being discharged to earth's surface; The formation temperature in topochemical reaction district is heated to 300��400 DEG C the most at last;
B, this process can evaporate water, kerogen decomposes in the oil shale within the borehole wall layer contacted with the heat mixing gas place of flowing through and reaction zone, generate Hydrocarbon combustion gas, light hydrocarbon component, heated bitumen; Increase the pore structure of rock, but the operative liquid heated bitumen produced still is attracted in pore structure;
Generate gas in c, well and arrive ground by the gas flow pass in producing well 2, and be easily separated;
D, in heat injection well 1, pass into the heat of mixing gas being mixed with isolated hydrocarbon gas according to a certain percentage, along with the injection of mixing gas, chain type chemical reaction occurs in oil shale layer, releases reaction heat;
E, conversion zone temperature reach 500��600 DEG C, and the porosity and permeability of oil shale layer constantly increases, and regional temperature is along with reaction outward expansion;
F, the heated bitumen now adsorbed generate high heat Hydrocarbon combustion gas;
After g, chain reaction complete, topochemical reaction regional temperature reaches 900��1200 DEG C;
H, the more logical mixing gas such as hot-air, water, to oil shale topochemical reaction district, occur chemical reaction to produce combustion gas low in calories, precipitate such as calcium sulfate (Gypsum Fibrosum) with the fixed carbon in oil shale and shale oil residue etc.
K, the injection ratio adjusting hot combustion gas and air in real time and discharge pressure;Purpose is to control response speed and heating rate; Control the speed that reaction zone expands in real time, prevent gas from too much carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide occurring, the composition of sulfur in shale oil is reduced to minimum;
(4) post-processing stages
A, the high-temperature gas carried out in real time from producing well 2, through condensed in two stages, separation; First pass around the cooling of air cooling heat exchanger one-level, and go out heavy oil by gas-liquid separator separates; Residual gas carries out two grades of coolings by water cooling heat exchanger, and isolates shale oil, water and gas through oil-water-gas three-phase separator, and wherein gas part isolates pure fuel gas by gas trap;
B, a fuel gas part are used for down-hole reaction cycle, and a part uses for burner, and a part stores or generating;
Reaction is generated and is condensate in the shale oil at the bottom of producing well and is pumped into ground by c, the conventional oil production method of utilization;
D, oil are stored in oil storage tank after simply cooling and oily-water seperating equipment;
E, this reaction well group cracking reaction terminate, and start the cracking of neighbouring new region oil shale in-situ. Mixing gas passes into this well group heat injection well 1, and gas is after oil shale conversion zone, is heated to 400��450 DEG C from producing well 2 out. This part heat mixing gas can be directly injected in the heat injection well 1 of new well group, is used for heating new region oil shale.
Example 2: as shown in Figure 4, group wells pattern, specifically comprising the following steps that of the present embodiment
A, according to oil shale layer be distributed, trend, selected heat injection well and producing well particular location, 24 mouthfuls of producing wells 2 and 7 mouthfuls of heat injection wells 1 are arranged in the working region of delineation, producing well 2 plane distribution is 7 hexagons, 7 heat injection wells 1 are positioned in the middle of the producing well 2 of 7 hexagon distributions, distance between adjacent producing well 2 and producing well 2 is 25m, and the distance between adjacent heat injection well 1 and producing well 2 is 25m;
The hexagon distribution centered by heat injection well 1 of b, described producing well 2;
C, each heat injection well 1 are connected by hydraulically created fracture with between producing well 2;
D, in heat injection well 1, to be formed with a gas injection passage, in producing well 2, be formed with gas flow pass and oil pumping passage;
The enforcement step of the installation of e, equipment, topochemical reaction stage and post-processing stages is installed with (two) equipment in first embodiment, (three) stage of reaction is identical and (four) post-processing stages is identical.
Claims (4)
1. the method that oil shale in-situ topochemistry method extracts shale oil gas, the method utilizes heat mixing gas to form topochemical reaction district in subterranean oil shale floor; By controlling and reclaim the heat mixing gas noted in subterranean oil shale layer and the produced fuel gas of reaction, bring out the chain reaction of local, along with conversion zone temperature is gradually increased, reaction zone scope expands gradually, oil shale autocatalytic cleavage gradually from inside to outside the most at last, generates shale oil and fuel gas; After chain reaction terminates, continue through heat mixing gas to inspire fixed carbon reaction in rock stratum and produce low-BTU gas, and waste heat is carried out secondary utilization;
Specifically comprising the following steps that of the method
(1), it is drilled into few a bite heat injection well and a bite producing well to targeted oil shale layer, and in heat injection well, is formed with heat mixing gas injection channel; Producing well is formed with gas flow pass and oil pumping passage;
(2), by the heat mixing gases of 300 ~ 450 DEG C by the injection channel of heat injection well inject into well and oil shale layer is tentatively heated, make the formation temperature in topochemical reaction district reach 300 ~ 400 DEG C;Now, Bound moisture evaporation in oil shale, the hole of rock starts constantly to become big, and the migration for shale oil and burning gases provides passage; Kerogen main decomposition is heated bitumen but is adsorbed in hole, meanwhile has a small amount of hydrocarbon gas to generate, and is easily separated by the hydrocarbon gas of generation;
(3), gradually rising along with temperature, the heat of mixing gas being mixed with isolated hydrocarbon gas is passed in heat injection well, injection along with heat of mixing gas, chain type chemical reaction is there is in oil shale layer, release reaction heat, conversion zone temperature reaches 500 ~ 600 DEG C, the porosity and permeability of oil shale layer constantly increases, the continuous outward expansion in reaction zone, the final heat strengthening course of reaction realizing chemistry, pyrolyzed bitumen further decomposes into the hydrocarbon liquefied compound of high heat and mixing gas, by oil shale layer autocatalytic cleavage gradually from inside to outside;
(4), wherein short chain fuel gas be discharged to earth's surface with gas gas flow pass from producing well, part is after separating, and for earth's surface heating mixing gas, part is used for being directly inputted in heat injection well and participates in circular response;
(5), after chain reaction completes, topochemical reaction regional temperature reaches 900 ~ 1200 DEG C; Now in heat injection well, pass into hot-air and water mixed gas, react with the fixed carbon in oil shale, generate the mixing gas of low-calorie hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
(6), reaction in, the fuel gas of generation is collected by the gas flow pass of producing well, hydrocarbon liquid stream to shaft bottom, by routine oil extraction pump, release from the oily pumping passage of producing well;
(7), after all topochemical reactions complete in region, rock temperature reaches 1000 DEG C, and mixing gas is re-injected heat injection well, and the heat mixing gas recycled reaches 450 DEG C, can be directly injected in new heat injection well, form oil shale energy complete utilization chain.
2. the method that a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method according to claim 1 extracts shale oil gas, it is characterised in that: described producing well is triangular in shape or tetragon or hexagon or circular distribution centered by heat injection well.
3. the method that a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method according to claim 1 and 2 extracts shale oil gas, it is characterised in that: the distance between described heat injection well and producing well and producing well and producing well is 15 ~ 25m.
4. the method that a kind of oil shale in-situ topochemistry method according to claim 1 extracts shale oil gas, it is characterised in that: the method is by causing the chemical reaction of local in position, it is no longer necessary to the external world continues to carry high heat; The burning gases produced are used for the expansion in reaction in-situ district and heating mixing gas as reaction gas, or store or generating.
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| CN101871339A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-10-27 | 吉林大学 | Method for underground in-situ extraction of hydrocarbon compound in oil shale |
| CN102889071A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-23 | 普拉特及惠特尼火箭达因公司 | Liquid crystal display device |
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