CN103789766B - 一种abs塑料表面金属层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种abs塑料表面金属层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种ABS塑料表面金属层及其制备方法,涉及塑料表面处理。所述ABS塑料表面金属层的结构是从ABS塑料表面开始依次为化学镍层、冲击镍层、半光镍层、PVD耐蚀合金层、PVD颜色层;化学镍层的厚度为0.05~0.5μm;冲击镍层的厚度为1~3μm;半光镍层的厚度为3~10μm;PVD耐蚀合金层的厚度为0.1~2μm,PVD颜色层的厚度为0.1~0.3μm。ABS塑料预处理;对预处理后的ABS塑料依次电镀冲击镍层和半光镍层;对ABS塑料半光镍层进行拉丝处理;对拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,然后进行镀PVD耐蚀合金层及PVD颜色层,完成在ABS塑料表面制备金属层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料表面处理技术,特别涉及一种ABS塑料表面金属层及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前广泛应用于汽车电镀的塑料有ABS、PC+ABS和PA,应用于卫浴产品的塑料主要有ABS塑料,塑料电镀就是采用一定的加工方法,先在塑料表面获得导电膜,然后用电镀的方法加厚的过程。因此塑料电镀工艺也可以简单地分成两大步,第一步为塑料电镀的前处理:除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;第二步为塑料电镀:预镀镍→光亮铜→半光亮镍→光亮镍→镍封→光亮铬。该流程中会产生大量的废水和重金属离子,比如六价铬离子会对环境、人类产生危害。
电镀铬之危害:对人体皮肤的损害六价铬化合物对皮肤有刺激和过敏作用。在接触铬酸盐、铬酸雾的部位,如手、腕、前臂、颈部等处可能出现皮炎。六价铬经过切口和擦伤处进入皮肤,会因腐蚀作用而引起铬溃疡(又称铬疮)。六价铬对呼吸系统的损害,主要是鼻中隔膜穿孔、咽喉炎和肺炎。对内脏的损害六价铬经消化道侵入,会造成味觉和嗅觉减退,以至消失。剂量h也会腐蚀内脏;引起肠胃功能降低,出现胃痛,甚至肠胃道溃疡,对肝脏还可能造成不良影响。三价铬对人体的肺有一定的伤害。试验证明三价铬的毒性是六价铬的1%。
中国专利201220188606公开了一种具有拉丝效果的ABS塑料表面镀层结构,该结构由内到外依次包括ABS塑料表面、化学镍层、碱性镀铜层、拉丝电镀镍层和电镀铬层。
张华(张华.环境技术期刊,2013年04月)公开了汽车塑料饰件电镀工艺及其性能检测,该文详细介绍了电镀铜的作用:铜具有良好的延展性、柔韧性、较其它镀层的热膨胀系数更接近于塑料。在塑料零件表面镀上一层厚约15~25μm平滑而柔韧的铜层,有利于增加零件与整个镀层的结合力、耐温变能力以及耐腐蚀性,在零件受到外界环境温度变化或冲击时能够起到一个缓冲作用,减小零件受损程度。可见电镀铜是目前塑料电镀工序中不可缺少的部分,其主要功能是增加后续电镀层及塑料之间的结合力和降低镍层的部分应力。
凌曦(凌曦.材料保护,2011年11月,第44期)介绍我国离子镀发展状况及国外科技成果,该文介绍了采用离子镀膜技术取代电镀方面的情况,但由种种原因,比如性能不能够满足实际生产要求、成本昂贵等,实际上采用PVD镀膜技术来取代电镀铬技术并没有获得成功,在实际生产中并没有得到应用,上述只不过是理想状态的一些叙述,并没有达到实质性突破,如详细的功能指标。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于针对现有的ABS塑胶电镀中存在的问题,如需电镀铜及电镀铬,电镀铜会导致整个电镀层的耐蚀性差,需要镀上厚厚镍层进行耐蚀性保护,电镀六价铬,非常不环保对生产人员及环境产品极大的危害,提供一种ABS塑料表面金属层。
本发明的目的之二在于在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法。
所述ABS塑料表面金属层的结构是从ABS塑料表面开始依次为化学镍层、冲击镍层、半光镍层、PVD耐蚀合金层、PVD颜色层;
所述化学镍层的厚度为0.05~0.5μm;
所述冲击镍层的厚度为1~3μm;
所述半光镍层的厚度为3~10μm;
所述PVD耐蚀合金层的厚度为0.1~2μm,耐蚀合金可为锆硅合金(锆硅原子成分为锆50-98硅2-50),铬硅合金(铬硅原子成分为铬50-98硅2-50)、镍铬合金(镍铬原子成分为镍50-95铬5-50)、钛硅合金(钛硅原子成分为钛50-98硅2-50)等中的至少一种;
所述PVD颜色层的厚度为0.1~0.3μm。
所述在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)ABS塑料预处理,具体方法为将ABS塑料依次化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;
2)对预处理后的ABS塑料依次电镀冲击镍层和半光镍层;
3)对ABS塑料半光镍层进行拉丝处理;
4)对拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,然后进行镀PVD耐蚀合金层及PVD颜色层,完成在ABS塑料表面制备金属层。
在步骤1)中,所述预处理可按照现有公知的处理方式进行。
在步骤2)中,所述电镀电镀冲击镍层和半光镍层,可采用现有公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,先电镀冲击镍层,再电镀半光镍层,冲击镍层的厚度控制在1~3μm,半光镍层的厚度控制在3~10μm。
在步骤3)中,所述拉丝处理可采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为600~1200r/min;拉丝轮可为尼龙轮、飞翼轮等中的至少一种。
在步骤4)中,所述碳氢真空除油及烘干处理可将产品上挂到PVD镀膜挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为3~8min,烘干时间为5~10min;所述进行镀PVD耐蚀合金层及PVD颜色层可直接挂进PVD炉中进行镀PVD耐蚀合金层及PVD颜色层,具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,离子源电流0.7~1A,偏压150~200V,占空比20%~38%,氩气流速100~300SCCM,时间5~10min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达(3~9)×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,所述溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件可采用中频脉冲或直流电源,电源电流1~20A,沉积时间5~60min,偏压80~100V,占空比20%~38%,氩气流速60~200SCCM,氮气流速0~100SCCM;所述PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材可采用锆硅合金靶材,铬硅合金靶材、镍铬合金靶材、钛硅合金靶材中的至少一种,或者是锆靶与硅靶同时溅射沉积,或者是铬靶与硅靶同时溅射沉积;或者是镍靶与铬靶同时溅射沉积,或者是钛靶与硅靶同时溅射沉积;
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空3~5min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流70~120A,沉积时间2~5min,偏压80~100V,占空比40%~80%,氩气流速20~200SCCM,氮气气流速0~200SCCM,乙炔气体流速0~150SCCM,氧气气体流速0~150SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材可采用纯锆99.99%、纯钛99.99%、纯铬99.99%等中的一种。
在镀PVD耐蚀层和镀PVD颜色层之间,根据工艺要求可镀PVD镀膜过渡层,镀膜时间为1~5min,同样根据耐蚀合金层的镀种不同,可在PVD等离子体辉光后与PVD镀耐蚀合金层之间镀过渡层,镀膜时间为1~5min,其目的增强各层之间的结合力及降低各层之间的应力。
本发明可缩短ABS塑料件电镀的生产工艺流程,杜绝电镀铬对环境的危害,同时解决了电镀铬时产品易被烧焦之问题,大大提升良品率及降低生产成本,节省资源。
本发明的优势在于:
1)简化现有的电镀镍拉丝类产品的生产工艺流程,打破了ABS塑料电镀中必须采用电镀铜工序之固有限制,缩短工艺流程。
2)采用PVD镀膜技术取代现有的电镀铬技术,满足目前卫浴领域高端客户的产品性能要求,按照卫浴行业标准:
A、CASS(防腐蚀测试ASTMB368-09)-----8h;
B、AASS(盐雾测试ASTMG85-9)--------48h;
C、冷热循环测试-40℃至75℃(ASMEA112.18.1-2005/CSAB125.1-05)---8次循环;
3)在满足功能要的前提下降到了镍层的厚度,从常规的10~20μm厚的镍层将为3~5μm,节省了金属资源。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种ABS塑料表面金属层,其结构从ABS塑料层开始依次为,化学镍层,厚度为0.05μm,冲击镍层,厚度为1μm,半光镍层,厚度为10μm,PVD耐蚀合金层,厚度为0.1μm,耐蚀合金可为锆硅合金(锆硅原子成分为锆50硅50),PVD颜色层,厚度为0.3μm,颜色层为氮化锆。
在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法如下:
1)ABS塑料的前处理:化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;该工艺流程按照行业内常规处理工艺进行,化学镍镀层厚度为0.05μm。
2)ABS塑料电镀:ABS塑料第一步前处理后进行冲击镍电镀→半光亮镍;进行冲击镍电镀,采用公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,冲击镍的厚度控制为1μm,然后再进行半光镍电镀,采用公知的半光镍配方进行电镀,半光镍的厚度控制在10μm。以满足拉丝厚度要求。
3)ABS塑料电镀镍层进行拉丝处理:ABS塑料第二步电镀后进行拉丝处理;可采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为1200r/min;拉丝轮可为尼龙轮。
4)拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理;将产品上挂到PVD镀膜挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为3min,烘干时间为5min。
5)将步骤4)处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;将第四步处理后的ABS塑料电镀件直接挂进PVD炉中进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,其工艺为离子源电流0.7A,偏压200V,占空比38%,氩气流速300SCCM,时间10min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达9×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件可为采用直流电源,电源电流20A,沉积时间5min,偏压80V,占空比38%,氩气流速200SCCM,PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材可采用锆硅合金靶材
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空3min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流120A,沉积时间5min,偏压80V,占空比80%,氩气流速20SCCM,氮气气流速200SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材可采用纯锆99.99%。
按照卫浴行业标准进行一下测试
A、CASS(防腐蚀测试ASTMB368-09)-----8h;
B、AASS(盐雾测试ASTMG85-9)--------48h;
C、冷热循环测试-40℃至75℃(ASMEA112.18.1-2005/CSAB125.1-05)---8次循环;
测试结果都通过。
实施例2
一种ABS塑料表面金属层,其结构从ABS塑料层开始依次为,化学镍层,厚度为0.5μm,冲击镍层,厚度为3μm,半光镍层,厚度为3μm,PVD耐蚀合金层,厚度为0.3μm,耐蚀合金可为铬硅合金(铬硅原子成分为铬98硅2),PVD颜色层,厚度为0.1μm,颜色层为氮碳化锆。
在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法如下:
1)ABS塑料的前处理:化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;该工艺流程按照行业内常规处理工艺进行,化学镍镀层厚度为0.5μm。
2)ABS塑料电镀:ABS塑料第一步前处理后进行冲击镍电镀→半光亮镍;进行冲击镍电镀,采用公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,冲击镍的厚度控制为3μm,然后再进行半光镍电镀,采用公知的半光镍配方进行电镀,半光镍的厚度控制在3μm。以满足拉丝厚度要求。
3)ABS塑料电镀镍层进行拉丝处理:ABS塑料第二步电镀后进行拉丝处理;可采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为600r/min;拉丝轮可为飞翼轮。
4)拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理;将产品上挂到PVD镀膜挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为8min,烘干时间问10min。
5)将步骤4)处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;将第四步处理后的ABS塑料电镀件直接挂进PVD炉中进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,其工艺为离子源电流1A,偏压200V,占空比20%,氩气流速100SCCM,时间5min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达3-×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,所述溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件可为采用直流电源,电源电流1A,沉积时间60min,偏压100V,占空比38%,氩气流速60SCCM,氮气流速50SCCM;所述PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材可采用铬硅合金靶材。
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空3min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流100A,沉积时间5min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速20SCCM,氮气气流速100SCCM,乙炔气体流速50SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材可采用纯锆99.99%。
在PVD镀耐蚀层和颜色之层间,根据工艺要求还需PVD镀膜过渡层,工艺为直流溅射铬硅合金,电源电流1A,多弧镀锆,电流为100A,沉积时间5min,偏压100V,占空比38%,氩气流速100SCCM,同样根据耐蚀合金层的镀种不同,还需在PVD等离子体辉光后与PVD镀耐蚀合金层之间镀过渡层,过渡层工艺为;直流溅射镀膜铬,电流为2A,偏压100V,占空比38%,氩气流速100SCCM,镀膜时间为5min,其目的增强各层之间的结合力及降低各层之间的应力。
按照卫浴行业标准进行以下测试:
A、CASS(防腐蚀测试ASTMB368-09)-----8h;
B、AASS(盐雾测试ASTMG85-9)--------48h;
C、冷热循环测试-40℃至75℃(ASMEA112.18.1-2005/CSAB125.1-05)---8次循环;
测试结果都通过。
实施例3
一种ABS塑料表面金属层,其结构从ABS塑料层开始依次为,化学镍层,厚度为0.2μm,冲击镍层,厚度为2μm,半光镍层,厚度为3μm,PVD耐蚀合金层,厚度为2μm,耐蚀合金可为镍铬合金(镍铬原子成分为镍50铬50),PVD颜色层,厚度为0.2μm,颜色层为铬色。
在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法如下:
1)ABS塑料的前处理:化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;该工艺流程按照行业内常规处理工艺进行,化学镍层厚度为0.2。
2)ABS塑料电镀:ABS塑料第一步前处理后进行冲击镍电镀→半光亮镍;进行冲击镍电镀,采用公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,冲击镍的厚度控制为2μm,然后再进行半光镍电镀,采用公知的半光镍配方进行电镀,半光镍的厚度控制在3μm。以满足拉丝厚度要求。
3)ABS塑料电镀镍层进行拉丝处理:ABS塑料第二步电镀后进行拉丝处理;可采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为1000r/min;拉丝轮可为尼龙轮。
4)拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理;将产品上挂到PVD镀膜挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为5min,烘干时间问8min。
5)将步骤4)处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;将第四步处理后的ABS塑料电镀件直接挂进PVD炉中进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,其工艺为离子源电流0.8A,偏压170V,占空比35%,氩气流速300SCCM,时间5min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达7×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,所述溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件可为采用中频脉冲电源,电源电流10A,沉积时间60min,偏压80V,占空比20%,氩气流速200SCCM,氮气流速50SCCM;所述PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材可采用镍铬合金靶材。
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空3min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流70A,沉积时间5min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速120SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材可采用纯铬99.99%。
按照卫浴行业标准进行一下测试
A、CASS(防腐蚀测试ASTMB368-09)-----8h;
B、AASS(盐雾测试ASTMG85-9)--------48h;
C、冷热循环测试-40℃至75℃(ASMEA112.18.1-2005/CSAB125.1-05)---8次循环;
测试结果都通过。
实施例4
一种ABS塑料表面金属层,其结构从ABS塑料层开始依次为,化学镍层,厚度为0.2μm,冲击镍层,厚度为2μm,半光镍层,厚度为5μm,PVD耐蚀合金层,厚度为0.5μm,耐蚀合金可为钛硅合金(锆硅原子成分为钛90硅10),PVD颜色层,厚度为0.2μm,颜色层为氮化锆。
在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法如下:
1)ABS塑料的前处理:化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;该工艺流程按照行业内常规处理工艺进行,化学镍层厚度为0.2μm。
2)ABS塑料电镀:ABS塑料第一步前处理后进行冲击镍电镀→半光亮镍;进行冲击镍电镀,采用公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,冲击镍的厚度控制为2μm,然后再进行半光镍电镀,采用公知的半光镍配方进行电镀,半光镍的厚度控制在5μm。以满足拉丝厚度要求。
3)ABS塑料电镀镍层进行拉丝处理:ABS塑料第二步电镀后进行拉丝处理;可采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为600r/min;拉丝轮可为飞翼轮。
4)拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理;将产品上挂到PVD镀膜挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为6min,烘干时间问6min。
5)将步骤4)处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;将第四步处理后的ABS塑料电镀件直接挂进PVD炉中进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,其工艺为离子源电流0.7A,偏压150V,占空比20%,氩气流速150SCCM,时间8min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达9×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,所述溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件可为采用中频脉冲和直流电源,中频脉冲电源电流2A,溅射靶材为纯硅靶,直流电源10A,溅射靶材为钛靶,沉积时间25min,偏压80V,占空比25%,氩气流速100SCCM,所述PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材可采用钛靶与硅靶同时溅射沉积。
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空5min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流70A,沉积时间5min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速150SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材可采用纯钛99.99%。
在PVD镀耐蚀层和颜色之层间,根据工艺要求还需PVD镀膜过渡层,工艺为直流溅射钛,电源电流5A,多弧镀铬,电流为70A,沉积时间1min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速100SCCM,同样根据耐蚀合金层的镀种不同,还需在PVD等离子体辉光后与PVD镀耐蚀合金层之间镀过渡层,过渡层工艺为;直流溅射镀钛,电流为5A,偏压100V,占空比38%,氩气流速200SCCM,镀膜时间为5min,其目的增强各层之间的结合力及降低各层之间的应力。
按照卫浴行业标准进行一下测试
A、CASS(防腐蚀测试ASTMB368-09)-----8h;
B、AASS(盐雾测试ASTMG85-9)--------48h;
C、冷热循环测试-40℃至75℃(ASMEA112.18.1-2005/CSAB125.1-05)---8次循环;
测试结果都通过。
实施例5
一种ABS塑料表面金属层,其结构从ABS塑料层开始依次为,化学镍层,厚度为0.2μm,冲击镍层,厚度为2μm,半光镍层,厚度为4μm,PVD耐蚀合金层,厚度为0.5μm,耐蚀合金可为铬硅合金(锆硅原子成分为铬90硅10),PVD颜色层,厚度为0.3μm,颜色层为氧化锆。
在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法如下:
1)ABS塑料的前处理:化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;该工艺流程按照行业内常规处理工艺进行,化学镍层厚度为0.2μm。
2)ABS塑料电镀:ABS塑料第一步前处理后进行冲击镍电镀→半光亮镍;进行冲击镍电镀,采用公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,冲击镍的厚度控制为2μm,然后再进行半光镍电镀,采用公知的半光镍配方进行电镀,半光镍的厚度控制在4μm。以满足拉丝厚度要求。
3)ABS塑料电镀镍层进行拉丝处理:ABS塑料第二步电镀后进行拉丝处理;可采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为600r/min;拉丝轮可为飞翼轮。
4)拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理;将产品上挂到PVD镀挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为3min,烘干时间问10min。
5)将步骤4)处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;将第四步处理后的ABS塑料电镀件直接挂进PVD炉中进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,其工艺为离子源电流1A,偏压150V,占空比25%,氩气流速200SCCM,时间6min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达7×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,所述溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件可为采用中频脉冲和直流电源,中频脉冲电源电流3A,溅射靶材为纯硅靶,直流电源12A,溅射靶材为铬靶,沉积时间25min,偏压80V,占空比25%,氩气流速100SCCM,00SCCM;所述PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材可采用铬硅合金靶材。
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空5min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流120A,沉积时间2min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速20SCCM,氧气气体流速150SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材可采用纯锆99.99%。
在PVD镀耐蚀层和颜色之层间,根据工艺要求还需PVD镀膜过渡层,工艺为直流溅射铬,电源电流5A,多弧镀锆,电流为120A,沉积时间2min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速100SCCM,同样根据耐蚀合金层的镀种不同,还需在PVD等离子体辉光后与PVD镀耐蚀合金层之间镀过渡层,过渡层工艺为;直流溅射镀铬,电流为5A,偏压100V,占空比38%,氩气流速100SCCM,镀膜时间为3min,其目的增强各层之间的结合力及降低各层之间的应力。
按照卫浴行业标准进行一下测试
A、CASS(防腐蚀测试ASTMB368-09)-----8h;
B、AASS(盐雾测试ASTMG85-9)--------48h;
C、冷热循环测试-40℃至75℃(ASMEA112.18.1-2005/CSAB125.1-05)---8次循环;
测试结果都通过。
实施例6
一种ABS塑料表面金属层,其结构从ABS塑料层开始依次为,化学镍层,厚度为0.2μm,冲击镍层,厚度为2μm,半光镍层,厚度为4μm,PVD耐蚀合金层,厚度为0.5μm,耐蚀合金可为铬硅合金(锆硅原子成分为铬90硅10),PVD颜色层,厚度为0.3μm,颜色层为氧化锆。
在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法如下:
1)ABS塑料的前处理:化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;该工艺流程按照行业内常规处理工艺进行,化学镍层厚度为0.2μm。
2)ABS塑料电镀:ABS塑料第一步前处理后进行冲击镍电镀→半光亮镍;进行冲击镍电镀,采用公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,冲击镍的厚度控制为2μm,然后再进行半光镍电镀,采用公知的半光镍配方进行电镀,半光镍的厚度控制在4μm。以满足拉丝厚度要求。
3)ABS塑料电镀镍层进行拉丝处理:ABS塑料第二步电镀后进行拉丝处理;可采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为600r/min;拉丝轮可为飞翼轮。
4)拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理;将产品上挂到PVD镀挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为3min,烘干时间问10min。
5)将步骤4)处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;将第四步处理后的ABS塑料电镀件直接挂进PVD炉中进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,其工艺为离子源电流1A,偏压150V,占空比25%,氩气流速200SCCM,时间6min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达7×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,所述溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件可为采用中频脉冲和直流电源,中频脉冲电源电流3A,溅射靶材为纯硅靶,直流电源12A,溅射靶材为铬靶,沉积时间25min,偏压80V,占空比25%,氩气流速100SCCM,00SCCM;所述PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材可采用铬硅合金靶材。
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空5min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流120A,沉积时间2min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速20SCCM,氧气气体流速150SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材可采用纯锆99.99%。
在PVD镀耐蚀层和颜色之层间,根据工艺要求还需PVD镀膜过渡层,工艺为直流溅射铬,电源电流5A,多弧镀锆,电流为120A,沉积时间2min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速100SCCM,同样根据耐蚀合金层的镀种不同,还需在PVD等离子体辉光后与PVD镀耐蚀合金层之间镀过渡层,过渡层工艺为;直流溅射镀铬,电流为5A,偏压100V,占空比38%,氩气流速100SCCM,镀膜时间为3min,其目的增强各层之间的结合力及降低各层之间的应力。
按照卫浴行业标准进行一下测试
A、CASS(防腐蚀测试ASTMB368-09)-----8h;
B、AASS(盐雾测试ASTMG85-9)--------48h;
C、冷热循环测试-40℃至75℃(ASMEA112.18.1-2005/CSAB125.1-05)---8次循环;
测试结果都通过。
实施例7
一种ABS塑料表面金属层,其结构从ABS塑料层开始依次为,化学镍层,厚度为0.2μm,冲击镍层,厚度为2μm,半光镍层,厚度为6μm,PVD耐蚀合金层,厚度为0.7μm,耐蚀合金可为锆硅合金(锆硅原子成分为锆90硅10),PVD颜色层,厚度为0.3μm,颜色层为氮化钛。
一种ABS塑料表面金属层制备方法的实施步骤如下:
1)ABS塑料的前处理:化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;该工艺流程按照行业内常规处理工艺进行,化学镍层厚度为0.2μm。
2)ABS塑料电镀:ABS塑料第一步前处理后进行冲击镍电镀→半光亮镍;进行冲击镍电镀,采用公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,冲击镍的厚度控制为2μm,然后再进行半光镍电镀,采用公知的半光镍配方进行电镀,半光镍的厚度控制在6μm。以满足拉丝厚度要求。
3)ABS塑料电镀镍层进行拉丝处理:ABS塑料第二步电镀后进行拉丝处理;可采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为600r/min;拉丝轮可为飞翼轮。
4)拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理;将产品上挂到PVD镀挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为5min,烘干时间问10min。
5)将步骤4)处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;将第四步处理后的ABS塑料电镀件直接挂进PVD炉中进行PVD镀耐蚀合金层及颜色层;具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,其工艺为离子源电流1A,偏压180V,占空比30%,氩气流速200SCCM,时间5min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达5×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,所述溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件可为采用中频脉冲和直流电源,中频脉冲电源电流2A,溅射靶材为纯硅靶,直流电源12A,溅射靶材为锆靶,沉积时间30min,偏压100V,占空比25%,氩气流速150SCCM;所述PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材可采用锆和硅靶材。
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空5min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流70A,沉积时间5min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速20SCCM,氮气气体流速150SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材可采用纯钛99.99%。
在PVD镀耐蚀层和颜色之层间,根据工艺要求还需PVD镀膜过渡层,工艺为直流溅射锆,电源电流5A,多弧镀钛,电流为70A,沉积时间2min,偏压100V,占空比80%,氩气流速100SCCM,同样根据耐蚀合金层的镀种不同,还需在PVD等离子体辉光后与PVD镀耐蚀合金层之间镀过渡层,过渡层工艺为;直流溅射镀锆,电流为5A,偏压100V,占空比38%,氩气流速100SCCM,镀膜时间为3min,其目的增强各层之间的结合力及降低各层之间的应力。
按照卫浴行业标准进行一下测试
A、CASS(防腐蚀测试ASTMB368-09)-----8h;
B、AASS(盐雾测试ASTMG85-9)--------48h;
C、冷热循环测试-40℃至75℃(ASMEA112.18.1-2005/CSAB125.1-05)---8次循环;
测试结果都通过。
Claims (9)
1.ABS塑料表面金属层,其特征在于其结构是从ABS塑料表面开始依次为化学镍层、冲击镍层、半光镍层、PVD耐蚀合金层、PVD颜色层;所述化学镍层的厚度为0.05~0.5μm;所述冲击镍层的厚度为1~3μm;所述半光镍层的厚度为3~10μm;所述PVD耐蚀合金层的厚度为0.1~2μm;所述PVD颜色层的厚度为0.1~0.3μm。
2.如权利要求1所述ABS塑料表面金属层,其特征在于所述PVD耐蚀合金层的耐蚀合金选自锆硅合金,铬硅合金、镍铬合金、钛硅合金中的至少一种。
3.在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法,其特征在于其具体步骤如下:
1)ABS塑料预处理,具体方法为将ABS塑料依次化学除油→粗化→中和→催化→解胶→化学镍;
2)对预处理后的ABS塑料依次电镀冲击镍层和半光镍层;
3)对ABS塑料半光镍层进行拉丝处理;
4)对拉丝处理后的ABS塑料电镀件进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,然后进行镀PVD耐蚀合金层及PVD颜色层,完成在ABS塑料表面制备金属层。
4.如权利要求3所述在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法,其特征在于在步骤1)中,所述预处理按照现有公知的处理方式进行。
5.如权利要求3所述在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法,其特征在于在步骤2)中,所述电镀电镀冲击镍层和半光镍层,采用现有公知的冲击镍配方进行电镀,先电镀冲击镍层,再电镀半光镍层,冲击镍层的厚度控制在1~3μm,半光镍层的厚度控制在3~10μm。
6.如权利要求3所述在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法,其特征在于在步骤3)中,所述拉丝处理采用自动或者人工拉丝方式进行拉丝,拉丝机的转速为600~1200r/min;拉丝轮为尼龙轮、飞翼轮中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求3所述在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法,其特征在于在步骤4)中,所述碳氢真空除油及烘干处理是将产品上挂到PVD镀膜挂具上进行碳氢真空除油及烘干处理,除油时间为3~8min,烘干时间为5~10min;所述进行镀PVD耐蚀合金层及PVD颜色层直接挂进PVD炉中进行镀PVD耐蚀合金层及PVD颜色层,具体步骤、工艺如下:
(1)抽真空,当真空度到达2×10-2Pa时进行等离子辉光处理,离子源电流0.7~1A,偏压150~200V,占空比20%~38%,氩气流速100~300SCCM,时间5~10min,以达到进一步清洗洁净之目的;
(2)进行抽真空,当真空度到达(3~9)×10-3Pa时,进行镀PVD溅射合金耐蚀层,所述溅射沉积金属层的工艺条件采用中频脉冲或直流电源,电源电流1~20A,沉积时间5~60min,偏压80~100V,占空比20%~38%,氩气流速60~200SCCM,氮气流速0~100SCCM;所述PVD合金耐蚀层的靶材采用锆硅合金靶材,铬硅合金靶材、镍铬合金靶材、钛硅合金靶材中的至少一种,或者是锆靶与硅靶同时溅射沉积,或者是铬靶与硅靶同时溅射沉积;或者是镍靶与铬靶同时溅射沉积,或者是钛靶与硅靶同时溅射沉积;
(3)镀膜完PVD合金耐蚀层后,继续抽真空3~5min,然后进行镀PVD颜色层,所述镀PVD颜色层其工艺为,多弧电源电流70~120A,沉积时间2~5min,偏压80~100V,占空比40%~80%,氩气流速20~200SCCM,氮气气流速0~200SCCM,乙炔气体流速0~150SCCM,氧气气体流速0~150SCCM,所述PVD颜色层的金属靶材采用纯锆99.99%、纯钛99.99%、纯铬99.99%中的一种。
8.如权利要求7所述在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法,其特征在于在镀PVD耐蚀层和镀PVD颜色层之间电镀PVD膜过渡层,镀膜时间为1~5min。
9.如权利要求7所述在ABS塑料表面制备金属层的方法,其特征在于在PVD等离子体辉光后与PVD镀耐蚀合金层之间镀过渡层,镀膜时间为1~5min。
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WO2021009729A1 (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-21 | Shpp Global Technologies B.V. | Metallized articles and methods for the manufacture thereof |
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