CN103788743A - Economical and environment-friendly interior wall putty paste and production method thereof - Google Patents
Economical and environment-friendly interior wall putty paste and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103788743A CN103788743A CN201410043504.1A CN201410043504A CN103788743A CN 103788743 A CN103788743 A CN 103788743A CN 201410043504 A CN201410043504 A CN 201410043504A CN 103788743 A CN103788743 A CN 103788743A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- agent
- wall putty
- putty paste
- friendly type
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses an economical and environment-friendly interior wall putty paste and a production method thereof. The interior wall putty paste comprises the following components by weight percent: 0.5-1.5% of bonding agent, 60-80% of filler, 1.5-3.5% of thixotropic agent, 0.1-0.3% of sterilizing agent, 0.2-0.4% of water-retaining agent and 15-35% of water. The production method comprises the steps of (1) determining the production quantity of the economical and environment-friendly interior wall putty paste; (2) preparing all the components according to the preset weight percent; (3) feeding the prepared water into a stirrer; (4) heating the water in the stirrer up to 50-80 DEG C; (5) feeding the prepared bonding agent and water-retaining agent into the stirrer, and stirring for 15-30 minutes to prepare mixed glue; and (6) after the mixed glue is cooled to the room temperature, sequentially feeding the prepared sterilizing agent, thixotropic agent and filler into the stirrer, and stirring for 15-45 minutes to prepare the interior wall putty paste.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of putty paste and production method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of inner wall putty cream and production method thereof.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of standard of living, people are more and more higher to the requirement of building decoration, require on the one hand outside surface smooth, the even flawless attractive in appearance of body of wall; Require on the other hand to decorate materials environmental protection, harmless.
Putty paste is a kind of structure material for smooth surface of wall, and it is conventionally directly coated with and imposes on body of wall or on priming paint.After surface of wall is smooth, then spread decorative coating/paint vehicle.If putty paste is off quality, must cause body of wall appearance surfaces unfairness, cracking, even come off.If the environmental-protecting performance of putty paste is not up to standard, even if use the paint/lacquer material of environmental protection, the health that yet can endanger people.Therefore, material of construction circle is is all researched and developed economical and practical environmental friendly putty material always constantly.
As Chinese patent application discloses a kind of multifunctional mastic powder for wall being disclosed for No. 1290727, it is weighed to be in proportion dry mixed evenly and is formed by talcum powder, water-ground limestone, wilkinite, sericite in powder, porcelain calcium powder, OK powder, plant long jiao powder, guar gum, Natvosol.But, this multifunctional mastic powder for wall has following shortcoming and defect: (1), it is pulverulent mixture, workman could use executing the man-hour requirement mix and blend that adds water, be the measurer for adding water or more or less all there are differences for the container mixing, therefore can not guarantee that the putty paste of preparation reaches optimum performance; (2), it is containing disinfectant, may cause microbial growth, affects use properties and the retention of product; (3) the raw materials cost price such as plant long jiao powder, guar gum, in its component is higher, product less economical.
And for example Chinese patent application discloses the putty powder of a kind of heat insulation moisturizing disclosing for No. 103275541A, it comprises following component by weight: 2～4 parts of beta-hydroxy alkylamides, 3～6 parts of sericites, 1～3 part of titanium dioxide, 5～9 parts of Mierocrystalline celluloses, 1～2 part of hollow glass micro-ball, 5～14 parts of light calcium carbonates, 2～3 parts of granules of polystyrene, 5～8 parts of redispersable latex powders, 10～15 parts of plant amylums, 5～8 parts of calcium stearates, 18～36 parts, flyash, 4～7 parts of anhydrous calciumsulphates, 3～6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 30～40 parts of silicate cements, 3～6 parts of cyclodextrin, 8～16 parts of marble flours, 5～8 parts of wilkinites, 2～4 parts of defoamers.But, this heat insulation moisturizing putty powder has following shortcoming and defect: (1), it is pulverulent mixture, workman could use executing the man-hour requirement mix and blend that adds water, be the measurer for adding water or more or less all there are differences for the container mixing, therefore can not guarantee that the putty paste of preparation reaches optimum performance; (2), nearly 18 kinds of its components, cause process for preparation complexity, cost too high; (3), it is containing disinfectant, may cause microbial growth, affects use properties and the retention of product.
Therefore, provide a kind of economy, the feature of environmental protection all good inner wall putty cream and production methods thereof become urgent problem in the industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of inner wall putty cream and corresponding production method that has economy and the feature of environmental protection concurrently.
According to the present invention program aspect, a kind of economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste is provided, and it comprises following component by weight percentage: binding agent 0.5～1.5%, weighting agent 60～80%, thixotropic agent 1.5～3.5%, disinfectant 0.1～0.3%, water-holding agent 0.2～0.4%, water 15～35%.
Selectively, binding agent can be the materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), W-Gum, or the mixture of multiple material.
Preferably, binding agent can comprise polyvinyl alcohol and W-Gum, and wherein, the weight ratio scope of polyvinyl alcohol and W-Gum can be 2:1～1:2, and more preferably, weight ratio is about 1:1.
Selectively, weighting agent can be the materials such as water-ground limestone, talcum powder, light calcium carbonate, or the mixture of multiple material.
Preferably, weighting agent can comprise water-ground limestone and talcum powder, and wherein, water-ground limestone and talcous weight ratio scope can be 40:1～20:1, and more preferably, weight ratio is about 35:1.
Selectively, thixotropic agent can be the materials such as wilkinite, aerosil, hydrogenated castor oil, polyamide wax, or the mixture of multiple material.
Preferably, thixotropic agent can be wilkinite, and more preferably, thixotropic agent can be for receiving base bentonite.
Selectively, disinfectant can be the materials such as BIT (BIT-10W), MIT (MI), CMIT (CMI), or the mixture of multiple material.
Preferably, disinfectant can be BIT.
Selectively, water-holding agent can be the material such as Natvosol (HEC), Vltra tears (HPMC), or the mixture of multiple material.
Preferably, water-holding agent can be Natvosol.
Preferably, the total weight percent content (, the weight percent sum of all solids fractions) admittedly in the economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste of the present invention is 70%～80%, is preferably about 75%.
Preferably, in the economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste of the present invention, the weight percent of each component is: binding agent 0.8～1.1%, weighting agent 68～73%, thixotropic agent 2～3%, disinfectant 0.15～0.25%, water-holding agent 0.25～0.3%, water 23～28%.
According to the present invention program on the other hand, provide a kind of the present invention the production method of economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste, it comprises: (1), determine the turnout of economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste; (2), prepare each component by predefined weight percent; (3), ready water is added in agitator; (4), water to 50～80 degree Celsius in heating stirrer; (5), ready binding agent and water-holding agent are added in agitator, stir 15～30 minutes, make mixing glue; And (6), when epoxy glue is water-cooled to after room temperature, ready disinfectant, thixotropic agent, weighting agent are added in agitator successively, stir 15～45 minutes, make economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste.
Preferably, weighting agent divides and adds at least three times in agitator, such as being divided into impartial 5 parts, at interval of within 3 minutes, adding portion.
The beneficial effect of economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste of the present invention is: (1) component is few, raw materials cost is low, preparation technology is simple; (2) nonpoisonous and tasteless, the environmental protection of finished product; (3), can save and not degenerate for a long time; (4) good leveling property, strong adhesion while, spreading; (5), after long-time use, do not chap, do not come off.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to non-limiting embodiment.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste.
Embodiment one
Economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste of the present invention is mixed with and is formed by following component by weight percentage: binding agent approximately 1%, weighting agent approximately 71%, thixotropic agent approximately 2.5%, disinfectant approximately 0.2%, water-holding agent approximately 0.3%, water approximately 25%.
Wherein, binding agent comprises that weight ratio is polyvinyl alcohol and the W-Gum of about 1:1.
Wherein, weighting agent comprises that weight ratio is water-ground limestone and the talcum powder of about 35:1.
Wherein, thixotropic agent is for receiving base bentonite.
Wherein, disinfectant is BIT (BIT-10W).
Wherein, water-holding agent is Natvosol (HEC).
In the present embodiment, the weight percent sum of all solids fractions (binding agent, weighting agent, thixotropic agent, water-holding agent) is about 74.8%.
The inner wall putty cream prepared according to this programme is nonpoisonous and tasteless, save and not degenerate for a long time, good leveling property, strong adhesion, uses and do not occur be full of cracks/obscission after 1 year.
Embodiment two
Economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste of the present invention is mixed with and is formed by following component by weight percentage: binding agent approximately 1.5%, weighting agent approximately 75%, thixotropic agent approximately 3%, disinfectant approximately 0.25%, water-holding agent approximately 0.25%, water approximately 20%.
Wherein, binding agent comprises that weight ratio is polyvinyl alcohol and the W-Gum of about 1.5:1.
Wherein, weighting agent comprises that weight ratio is water-ground limestone and the talcum powder of about 40:1.
Wherein, thixotropic agent is wilkinite.
Wherein, disinfectant is BIT (BIT-10W).
Wherein, water-holding agent is Natvosol (HEC).
In the present embodiment, the weight percent sum of all solids fractions (binding agent, weighting agent, thixotropic agent, water-holding agent) is about 79.75%.
The inner wall putty cream prepared according to this programme is nonpoisonous and tasteless, save and not degenerate for a long time, good leveling property, strong adhesion, uses and do not occur be full of cracks/obscission after 1 year.
Embodiment three
Economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste of the present invention is mixed with and is formed by following component by weight percentage: binding agent approximately 0.8%, weighting agent approximately 68.7%, thixotropic agent approximately 2%, disinfectant approximately 0.15%, water-holding agent approximately 0.35%, water approximately 28%.
Wherein, binding agent comprises that weight ratio is polyvinyl alcohol and the W-Gum of about 1:1.5.
Wherein, weighting agent comprises that weight ratio is water-ground limestone and the talcum powder of about 30:1.
Wherein, thixotropic agent is wilkinite.
Wherein, disinfectant is BIT (BIT-10W).
Wherein, water-holding agent is Natvosol (HEC).
In the present embodiment, the weight percent sum of all solids fractions (binding agent, weighting agent, thixotropic agent, water-holding agent) is about 71.85%.
The inner wall putty cream prepared according to this programme is nonpoisonous and tasteless, save and not degenerate for a long time, good leveling property, strong adhesion, uses and do not occur be full of cracks/obscission after 1 year.
Embodiment four
The component proportion of present embodiment is roughly identical with embodiment one, and difference is: binding agent only includes W-Gum; Weighting agent only includes water-ground limestone; Thixotropic agent is aerosil; Disinfectant is MIT (MI); Water-holding agent is Vltra tears (HPMC).
Embodiment five
The component proportion of present embodiment is roughly identical with embodiment two, and difference is: binding agent only includes polyvinyl alcohol; Weighting agent is light calcium carbonate; Thixotropic agent is hydrogenated castor oil; Disinfectant is CMIT (CMI); Water-holding agent is that weight ratio scope is the Natvosol (HEC) of 2:1～1:2 and the mixture of Vltra tears (HPMC).
Embodiment six
The component proportion of present embodiment is roughly identical with embodiment three, and difference is: binding agent comprises that weight ratio is polyvinyl alcohol and the W-Gum of about 1:2; Weighting agent comprises that weight ratio is water-ground limestone and the light calcium carbonate of about 20:1; Thixotropic agent is polyamide wax; Disinfectant is that weight ratio is BIT (BIT-10W), the MIT (MI) of 1:1:1, the mixture of CMIT (CMI); Water-holding agent is that weight ratio is the Natvosol (HEC) of 1:1 and the mixture of Vltra tears (HPMC).
A kind of production method of economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste is provided according to another aspect of the present invention.
Method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1), determine the turnout of economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste, such as 500 kilograms, 1 ton, 5 tons, 10 tons etc.;
(2), prepare each component by predefined weight percent, such as preparing each component according to the proportioning of embodiment one to six;
(3), ready water is added in agitator;
(4) water to 50～80 degree Celsius, in heating stirrer, such as 60 or 70 degrees Celsius;
(5), ready binding agent and water-holding agent are added in agitator, stir 15～30 minutes, such as stirring 20 or 25 minutes, make mixing glue; And
(6), when epoxy glue is water-cooled to after room temperature, ready disinfectant, thixotropic agent, weighting agent are added in agitator successively, stir 15～45 minutes, such as stir 20 or 25 minutes, make economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste.Wherein, weighting agent is divided into impartial 3 parts or 5 parts, at interval of within 3 minutes or 5 minutes, adding portion.
Method of the present invention is added in an orderly manner each component to agitator and is stirred, and by controlling the temperature in agitator, makes each component fully react mixing, forms good leveling property, strong adhesion, the uniform inner wall putty cream of cream matter.
Although described the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail at this, but should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the concrete structure of describing in detail and illustrating here, in the situation that not departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, can be realized by those skilled in the art other modification and variant.For example, agitator outer wall can adhere to well heater with heating water wherein, or the hot water with preset temperature directly can be added in agitator.And the parameters such as each component, proportioning, temperature can suitably be chosen according to concrete application conditions in scope disclosed in this invention.
Claims (10)
1. an economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste, is characterized in that comprising following component by weight percentage: binding agent 0.5～1.5%, weighting agent 60～80%, thixotropic agent 1.5～3.5%, disinfectant 0.1～0.3%, water-holding agent 0.2～0.4%, water 15～35%.
2. economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described binding agent comprises polyvinyl alcohol and W-Gum, and wherein, the weight ratio scope of described polyvinyl alcohol and described W-Gum is 2:1～1:2.
3. economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described weighting agent comprises water-ground limestone and talcum powder, and wherein, described water-ground limestone and described talcous weight ratio scope are 40:1～20:1.
4. economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described thixotropic agent is wilkinite.
5. economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described disinfectant is BIT.
6. economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described water-holding agent is Natvosol.
7. the economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste as described in any one in claim 1～6, is characterized in that, the total weight percent content admittedly in described economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste is 70%～80%.
8. economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste, the weight percent of each component is: binding agent 0.8～1.1%, weighting agent 68～73%, thixotropic agent 2～3%, disinfectant 0.15～0.25%, water-holding agent 0.25～0.3%, water 23～28%.
9. a production method for the economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste as described in any one in claim 1～8, comprising:
(1), determine the turnout of described economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste;
(2), prepare each component by predefined weight percent;
(3), ready water is added in agitator;
(4), heat water to 50～80 degree Celsius in described agitator;
(5), ready binding agent and water-holding agent are added in described agitator, stir 15～30 minutes, make mixing glue; And
(6), when described epoxy glue is water-cooled to after room temperature, ready disinfectant, thixotropic agent, weighting agent are added in described agitator successively, stir 15～45 minutes, make described economic environment-friendly type inner wall putty paste.
10. production method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, described weighting agent divides and adds at least three times in described agitator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410043504.1A CN103788743A (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2014-01-29 | Economical and environment-friendly interior wall putty paste and production method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410043504.1A CN103788743A (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2014-01-29 | Economical and environment-friendly interior wall putty paste and production method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103788743A true CN103788743A (en) | 2014-05-14 |
Family
ID=50664822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410043504.1A Pending CN103788743A (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2014-01-29 | Economical and environment-friendly interior wall putty paste and production method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103788743A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103965665A (en) * | 2014-05-24 | 2014-08-06 | 欧美龙（南通）重防腐涂料有限公司 | Coating material for building interior wall and preparation method thereof |
| CN105273473A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2016-01-27 | 张福辛 | Operating room inner wall putty powder preparation method |
| CN105566982A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-05-11 | 吕凤荣 | Waterproof putty for internal wall and manufacturing method |
| CN106189463A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-07 | 金成熙 | A kind of loess putty and its preparation method and application |
| CN108504164A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-07 | 苏州幸福时光装饰工程有限公司 | A kind of Environmental-friendputty putty composition applied on interior wall |
| CN109401414A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-03-01 | 定州康丽水性涂料有限公司 | Water proof putty lotion and preparation method thereof and for making the method for chiseling and carving decorated wall surface |
| CN116836577A (en) * | 2023-06-03 | 2023-10-03 | 广东托肯新材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly interior wall putty powder and putty paste and preparation methods thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1410492A (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2003-04-16 | 周世斌 | Non cracking composite external wall special putty |
| CN103113777A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-05-22 | 立邦涂料(成都)有限公司 | Environment-friendly water-based high-bond-strength putty paste and preparation method thereof |
| CN103232745A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-07 | 张家港市创新化学石膏制品有限公司 | Transparent elastic putty and preparation method thereof |
-
2014
- 2014-01-29 CN CN201410043504.1A patent/CN103788743A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1410492A (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2003-04-16 | 周世斌 | Non cracking composite external wall special putty |
| CN103113777A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-05-22 | 立邦涂料(成都)有限公司 | Environment-friendly water-based high-bond-strength putty paste and preparation method thereof |
| CN103232745A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-07 | 张家港市创新化学石膏制品有限公司 | Transparent elastic putty and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 徐峰等: "《建筑涂料技术与应用》", 31 May 2009, 中国建筑工业出版社 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103965665A (en) * | 2014-05-24 | 2014-08-06 | 欧美龙（南通）重防腐涂料有限公司 | Coating material for building interior wall and preparation method thereof |
| CN105273473A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2016-01-27 | 张福辛 | Operating room inner wall putty powder preparation method |
| CN105566982A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-05-11 | 吕凤荣 | Waterproof putty for internal wall and manufacturing method |
| CN106189463A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-07 | 金成熙 | A kind of loess putty and its preparation method and application |
| CN108504164A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-07 | 苏州幸福时光装饰工程有限公司 | A kind of Environmental-friendputty putty composition applied on interior wall |
| CN109401414A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-03-01 | 定州康丽水性涂料有限公司 | Water proof putty lotion and preparation method thereof and for making the method for chiseling and carving decorated wall surface |
| CN116836577A (en) * | 2023-06-03 | 2023-10-03 | 广东托肯新材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly interior wall putty powder and putty paste and preparation methods thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103788743A (en) | Economical and environment-friendly interior wall putty paste and production method thereof | |
| CN101942234B (en) | Environment friendly dry powder emulsion paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103788745A (en) | Elastic anti-cracking energy-saving putty cream for exterior walls and production method thereof | |
| CN106046905A (en) | Environment-friendly anti-crack material for wall decoration and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104326726B (en) | A kind of light thermal-insulation exterior coating | |
| CN105131770A (en) | High-simulation-degree granite really stone paint and preparation process thereof | |
| CN107573791A (en) | A kind of environment-friendly type inner wall face sealing wax | |
| CN103788744B (en) | The net taste internal wall elastic anti-crack mastic cream of anion and its production method | |
| CN104277544A (en) | Diatom ooze wall plaster | |
| CN105754399B (en) | Mildew-proof putty powder and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105885509A (en) | Putty powder for indoor use and processing process thereof | |
| CN108456446A (en) | Environment protection type edible grade functional form inner-wall powder of lacquer putty for use on and putty paste and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103992087B (en) | A kind of base material and manufacture method thereof with adjustable wet function | |
| CN104355592B (en) | The building coating that cementability is good | |
| CN103420637B (en) | true mineral varnish and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107383987B (en) | A kind of powder of lacquer putty for use on and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105255245A (en) | Spackling compound for internal wall | |
| CN105238102A (en) | Powdery wall coating | |
| CN203048809U (en) | Wall decoration lime coating comprising biological lime | |
| CN108455940A (en) | A kind of shelf-stable quick-drying tile adhesives | |
| CN108300040A (en) | A kind of aging-proof building paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109957276A (en) | A kind of novel environment friendly white putty powder for exterior wall | |
| CN102322123B (en) | Simulated marble foam decorative material | |
| CN1252197C (en) | Adhesion agent for powder paint of building and application thereof | |
| CN117417659A (en) | Putty formula test convenient for construction water resistance |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: XU YUEWEN Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CHANGSHA FURONG QUNXIANG BUILDING COATING FACTORY Effective date: 20140711 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20140711 Address after: 410016 Hunan province Changsha Yuhua District in long international seal unit 7 F 801 Applicant after: Xu Yuewen Address before: 410016 Hunan province Changsha Yuhua District in long international seal unit 7 F 801 Applicant before: CHANGSHA FURONG DISTRICT QUNXIANG BUILDING PAINT FACTORY |
|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20140514 |