CN103775174B - 内燃机 - Google Patents

内燃机 Download PDF

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CN103775174B
CN103775174B CN201310721876.0A CN201310721876A CN103775174B CN 103775174 B CN103775174 B CN 103775174B CN 201310721876 A CN201310721876 A CN 201310721876A CN 103775174 B CN103775174 B CN 103775174B
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exhaust
turbine
scr catalytic
internal combustion
combustion engine
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CN103775174A (zh
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P·施特费
K·施特罗布尔
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/06—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/01—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being catalytic material in liquid form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机(10)，尤其利用重油运行的船用柴油内燃机，带有排气涡轮增压系统和排气净化系统，其中，排气涡轮增压系统包括一个或多个排气涡轮增压器(11)，并且其中，在排气净化系统中包括SCR催化器(14)，其中，该SCR催化器包括至少两个SCR催化级(15，16)，其中，第一SCR催化级(15)在排气的流动方向上来看定位在排气涡轮增压器(11)的涡轮(12)上游，而第二SCR催化级(16)在排气的流动方向上来看定位在排气涡轮增压器(11)的涡轮(12)下游。

Description

内燃机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据本发明的内燃机。
背景技术
从文件DE 10 2004 027 593 A1中已知一种带有排气涡轮增压系统(Abgasturboaufladung)和排气净化系统(Abgasreinigung)的内燃机。根据该现有技术，排气涡轮增压系统要么实施为带有一个排气涡轮增压器的单级排气涡轮增压系统，要么实施为带有两个排气涡轮增压器的二级排气涡轮增压系统。排气净化系统包括SCR催化器，该SCR催化器在单级排气涡轮增压系统中在排气的流动方向上来看要么定位在排气涡轮增压器的涡轮下游，要么定位在排气涡轮增压器的涡轮上游。在带有高压排气涡轮增压器和低压排气涡轮增压器的二级排气涡轮增压系统中，SCR催化器定位在高压排气涡轮增压器的高压涡轮与低压排气涡轮增压器的低压涡轮之间。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的内燃机。
该目的根据通过按照本发明的内燃机来实现。据此，SCR催化器包括至少两个SCR催化级(Katalysatorstufe)，其中，第一SCR催化级在排气的流动方向上来看定位在排气涡轮增压器的涡轮上游，而第二SCR催化级在排气的流动方向上来看定位在排气涡轮增压器的涡轮下游。
利用此处的本发明首次提出SCR催化器包括多个SCR催化级。在此，第一SCR催化级在排气的流动方向上来看定位在排气涡轮增压器的涡轮上游，而第二SCR催化级在排气的流动方向上来看定位在排气涡轮增压器的涡轮下游。对此可利用SCR催化器提高内燃机的排气净化的效率。尤其可借助于第二SCR催化级最小化带入到排气中的还原剂(其对于选择性催化还原(SCR)是必需的)的所谓的还原剂滑溜(Reduktionsmittelschlupf)。
当排气涡轮增压系统构造成单级并且包括唯一的排气涡轮增压器时，第一SCR催化级定位在该唯一的排气涡轮增压器的涡轮上游，而第二SCR催化级定位在该唯一的排气涡轮增压器的涡轮下游。
当排气涡轮增压系统构造成二级并且包括高压排气涡轮增压器、低压排气涡轮增压器时，第一SCR催化级定位在低压排气涡轮增压器的低压压力式涡轮上游，而第二SCR催化级定位在低压排气涡轮增压器的低压压力式涡轮下游。
优选地，针对两个SCR催化级设置有共有的还原剂喷射系统。通过使用共有的喷射系统可取消用于还原剂的混合段(Mischstrecke)。在排气涡轮增压器的涡轮中进行混匀。由此可实现还原剂的最佳的混匀。最终可如同所谓的还原剂滑溜那样降低还原剂的消耗。
附图说明
从随后的说明中得出本发明的优选的改进方案。借助附图对本发明的实施例进行进一步阐述，本发明不受该实施例限制。其中：
图1根据本发明的第一实施例显示了增压式内燃机的示意图；以及
图2根据本发明的第二实施例显示了增压式内燃机的示意图。
参考标号列表
10 内燃机
11 排气涡轮增压器
11a 排气涡轮增压器
11b 排气涡轮增压器
12 涡轮
12a 涡轮
12b 涡轮
13 压缩机
13a 压缩机
13b 压缩机
14 SCR催化器
15 SCR催化级
16 SCR催化级
17 还原剂喷射系统
18 装置。
具体实施方式
此处的本发明涉及一种内燃机，特别利用重油来运行的船用柴油内燃机。
图1显示了根据本发明的内燃机10的第一实施例，该内燃机带有单级的排气涡轮增压系统，其相应包括唯一的排气涡轮增压器11。 为了降压，可将离开内燃机的排气输送至排气涡轮增压器11的涡轮12，其中，利用在这种情况下所获取的能量，以便驱动排气涡轮增压器11的压缩机13和压缩待输送至内燃机10的增压空气。
根据本发明的内燃机具有带有至少两个SCR催化级15、16的SCR催化器14。
第一SCR催化级15在排气的流动方向上来看定位在排气涡轮增压器11的涡轮12上游，其中，第二SCR催化级16在排气的流动方向上来看定位在排气涡轮增压器11的涡轮12下游。
针对SCR催化器14的两个SCR催化级15、16存在共有的还原剂喷射系统17，其中，该共有的还原剂喷射系统17在第一SCR催化级15上游将还原剂喷射到排气中。图1显示了提供或产生还原剂(尤其氨)的装置18。
通过将SCR催化器14分成两个SCR催化级(即SCR催化级15和16)可改善所谓的响应性能，其中，第一SCR催化级15定位在排气涡轮增压器11的涡轮12上游，而第二SCR催化级16定位在排气涡轮增压器11的涡轮12下游。通过将共有的喷射系统17在流动方向上定位在排气涡轮增压器11之前且定位在第一催化级15之前，由于在排气歧管中的很高的排气温度而在催化级15中提高用于第一NOx转换的还原剂的蒸发亲和性(Verdampfungsaffinität)。未转换的氨之后在涡轮12中进行清洁地混合并还原在第二催化级16中的氧化氮。
由此可以减小内燃机10的所需要的结构空间。通过在排气涡轮增压器11中(更具体地讲，在排气涡轮增压器11的涡轮12中)混匀排气与还原剂可实现还原剂与排气的最佳的混匀并由此最小化还原剂的消耗和还原剂的所谓的滑溜。布置在排气涡轮增压器11的涡轮12上游的第一SCR催化级15可被迅速带到运行温度上，从而SCR催化器14的第一SCR催化级15具有良好的响应性能。尤其在内燃机10的部分负荷运行期间可通过多级的SCR催化器14实现最佳的排气净化。
排气净化系统的氧化催化器和/或颗粒过滤器可集成到SCR催化器14的第一SCR催化级15的壳体中。
图2显示了内燃机10的一种有利的设计方案，该内燃机带有二级排气涡轮增压系统，其相应包括两个排气涡轮增压器，即排气涡轮增压器11a和11b，更具体地讲包括高压排气涡轮增压器11a和低压排气涡轮增压器11b。高压排气涡轮增压器11a包括高压涡轮12a和高压压缩机13a。低压排气涡轮增压器11b包括低压涡轮12b和低压压缩机13b。
带有二级排气涡轮增压系统的图2的内燃机10还具有多级的SCR催化器14，其带有第一SCR催化级15和第二SCR催化级16，其中，根据图2，第一SCR催化级15定位在低压排气涡轮增压器11b的低压涡轮12b上游，而第二SCR催化级16定位在低压排气涡轮增压器11b的低压涡轮12b下游。
在此，在图2中，SCR催化器14的第一SCR催化级15定位在高压排气涡轮增压器11a的高压涡轮12a下游，即连接在两个排气涡轮增压器11a和11b的相应的两个涡轮12a与12b之间。
在图2的实施例中，同样又针对两个SCR催化级15和16存在共有的还原剂喷射系统17，其中，还原剂由装置18提供或产生。
在图1和2的实施例中，还原剂经由共有的还原剂喷射系统17相应直接在第一SCR催化级15上游喷射到排气中。
针对SCR催化器14的第一SCR催化级15，相应以化学计量学上高的方式(überstöchiometrisch)进行将还原剂喷射到排气中。
虽然未以单独的图例示出，还可将第一SCR催化级15相对于高压排气涡轮增压器11a的高压涡轮12a定位在上游。那么在这种情况下可将SCR催化器14的第二SCR催化级16如图2所示的那样定位在低压排气涡轮增压器11的低压涡轮12下游，或者备选地连接在两个排气涡轮增压器11a和11b的相应的两个涡轮12a与12b之间。
同样可在图2的实施例中存在三个SCR催化级，亦即除了两个SCR催化级15和16之外，还有另一未显示的SCR催化级，其布置在高压涡轮12a上游，其中，那时在该附加的未示出的SCR催化级上游实现共有的还原剂喷射系统17。
可在所有实施方式变体方案中利用根据本发明的内燃机取得不同的优点。通过还原剂的共有的喷射系统可取消用于第二催化级的单独的混合段，从而可减小结构空间。通过在排气涡轮增压器的涡轮中混匀还原剂和排气实现还原剂与排气的最佳的混匀，由此可降低还原剂的消耗和滑溜。尤其第一SCR催化级具有良好的响应性能，因为其可借助于还原剂迅速带到运行温度上。可取消用于预热SCR催化器的单独的加热装置。总体上可减小SCR催化器的结构体积。通过在第一SCR催化级内的很高的压力水平提高SCR催化器的效率。
在这两个实施方式变体方案中，不仅氧化催化器而且颗粒过滤器均可集成到第一SCR催化级15的壳体中。

Claims (7)

1.一种内燃机，带有排气涡轮增压系统和排气净化系统，其中，所述排气涡轮增压系统包括一个或多个排气涡轮增压器(11,11a,11b)，并且其中，在所述排气净化系统中包括SCR催化器(14)，其特征在于，所述SCR催化器(14)包括至少两个SCR催化级(15,16)，其中，第一SCR催化级(15)在排气的流动方向上来看在所述排气净化系统的主路中定位在所述排气涡轮增压器(11,11b)的涡轮(12,12b)上游，而第二SCR催化级(16)在排气的流动方向上来看定位在所述排气涡轮增压器(11,11b)的涡轮(12,12b)下游，针对两个SCR催化级(15,16)设置有共有的还原剂喷射系统(17)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述内燃机是利用重油运行的船用柴油内燃机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述排气涡轮增压系统构造成单级并且包括唯一的所述排气涡轮增压器(11)，其中，所述第一SCR催化级(15)定位在所述排气涡轮增压器(11)的涡轮(12)上游，而所述第二SCR催化级(16)定位在所述排气涡轮增压器(11)的涡轮(12)下游。
4.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述排气涡轮增压系统构造成二级并且包括高压排气涡轮增压器(11a)、低压排气涡轮增压器(11b)，其中，所述第一SCR催化级(15)定位在所述低压排气涡轮增压器(11b)的低压压力式涡轮(12b)上游，而所述第二SCR催化级(16)定位在所述低压排气涡轮增压器(11b)的低压压力式涡轮(12b)下游。
5.根据权利要求4所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述第一SCR催化级(15)定位在所述高压排气涡轮增压器(11a)的高压涡轮(12a)下游。
6.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述共有的还原剂喷射系统(17)在所述第一SCR催化级(15)上游将还原剂喷射到排气中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的内燃机，其特征在于，针对所述第一SCR催化级(15)，所述共有的还原剂喷射系统(17)将还原剂以化学计量学上高的方式喷射到排气中。
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