CN103773676A - Integrated organic household garbage dry-process anaerobic fermentation device and method - Google Patents

Integrated organic household garbage dry-process anaerobic fermentation device and method Download PDF

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CN103773676A
CN103773676A CN201410031044.0A CN201410031044A CN103773676A CN 103773676 A CN103773676 A CN 103773676A CN 201410031044 A CN201410031044 A CN 201410031044A CN 103773676 A CN103773676 A CN 103773676A
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吴伟祥
邓潇雅
王昊书
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

本发明公开的一体式有机生活垃圾干法厌氧发酵装置包括第1反应区、第2反应区、沼液循环回流管和垂直沼液排放管;第1反应区和第2反应区通过具有分隔不同反应区气体的酸解液出口进行连接。本发明能实现不同反应区之间发酵气体的分别收集,促进水解酸液与固相物料的分离,通过设置沼液循环回流装置,使酸解液通过沼液循环管和布水装置进行内循环形成的回流翻滚,避免了生物污泥的沉淀蓄积。本发明不仅实现了厌氧分相发酵,固液气三相分离,同时保持较高的发酵微生物浓度及活性,使整个发酵系统更为稳定,效能更高。整体系统结构紧凑,占地面积小,功能区划分明。

The integrated organic domestic garbage dry anaerobic fermentation device disclosed by the present invention includes a first reaction zone, a second reaction zone, a biogas slurry circulation return pipe and a vertical biogas slurry discharge pipe; the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone are separated by a The acidolysis solution outlets of gases in different reaction zones are connected. The invention can realize the separate collection of fermentation gases between different reaction zones, promote the separation of hydrolyzed acid liquid and solid-phase materials, and set up a biogas slurry circulation reflux device, so that the acid hydrolysis liquid can be formed by internal circulation through biogas slurry circulation pipes and water distribution devices The reflux tumbling avoids the sedimentation and accumulation of biological sludge. The invention not only realizes the anaerobic phase-separated fermentation and the three-phase separation of solid, liquid and gas, but also maintains a higher concentration and activity of fermentation microorganisms, so that the whole fermentation system is more stable and has higher efficiency. The overall system has a compact structure, a small footprint, and clear functional areas.

Description

一体式有机生活垃圾干法厌氧发酵装置及其方法Integrated dry anaerobic fermentation device and method for organic domestic waste

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种有机生活垃圾处理装置及其处理方法,具体说是一种一体式有机生活垃圾干法厌氧发酵装置及其方法。 The invention relates to an organic domestic waste treatment device and a treatment method thereof, in particular to an integrated organic domestic waste dry-process anaerobic fermentation device and a method thereof.

背景技术 Background technique

我国城市生活垃圾产生量不断增长,处理方法众多。传统的处理方法已经不能满足环境保护和健康卫生的需要。为了降低生活垃圾对生态环境和人体健康的的影响,必须积极开发有机垃圾处理技术。由于有机质含量高,适于采取生物转化法进行处理。采用厌氧生物法处理有机垃圾时,发酵罐的功能是为微生物生长、繁殖提供良好的生长条件,整个发酵过程很复杂,涉及到多种微生物的协同作用。单相厌氧发酵工艺容易出现氨抑制和酸化现象,抑制产甲烷菌的新陈代谢。因此,采用分相式厌氧发酵工艺受到重视,但是现行分相式厌氧发酵工艺多为分体式反应器的组合,一次性投资大,操作复杂。所以,设计一种集水解酸化和厌氧发酵产沼于一体的厌氧发酵装置,对有机生活垃圾的资源化利用有巨大的促进作用。 The amount of municipal solid waste generated in my country is constantly increasing, and there are many ways to deal with it. Traditional treatment methods can no longer meet the needs of environmental protection and health and hygiene. In order to reduce the impact of domestic waste on the ecological environment and human health, it is necessary to actively develop organic waste treatment technology. Due to the high content of organic matter, it is suitable for treatment by biotransformation. When the anaerobic biological method is used to treat organic waste, the function of the fermenter is to provide good growth conditions for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The entire fermentation process is very complicated and involves the synergy of various microorganisms. The single-phase anaerobic fermentation process is prone to ammonia inhibition and acidification, which inhibit the metabolism of methanogens. Therefore, the use of phase-separated anaerobic fermentation technology has been paid attention to, but the current phase-separated anaerobic fermentation technology is mostly a combination of split reactors, which requires a large one-time investment and complicated operation. Therefore, designing an anaerobic fermentation device that integrates hydrolytic acidification and anaerobic fermentation biogas production will greatly promote the resource utilization of organic domestic waste.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种一体式有机生活垃圾干法厌氧发酵装置及其方法,以解决目前厌氧发酵系统运行不稳定、效率低等缺陷。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated organic domestic garbage dry anaerobic fermentation device and its method to solve the defects of unstable operation and low efficiency of the current anaerobic fermentation system.

本发明的一体式有机生活垃圾干法厌氧发酵装置,包括自内向外同轴线装置的物料进料管,内圆柱筒和外圆柱罐,物料进料管的上部伸出外圆柱罐顶面,并安装有二通阀Ⅰ,物料进料管的下部伸至距离内圆柱筒底部20~40 cm处,外圆柱罐外包有一层保温层,外圆柱罐的底部呈圆锥形,圆锥形锥顶设沼渣排放管,沼渣排放管上有二通阀Ⅲ,内圆柱筒的上端与外圆柱罐顶面密封,内圆柱筒的下端与外圆柱罐底部的圆锥形锥底密封,内圆柱筒为第1反应区,内圆柱筒和外圆柱罐之间形成的腔体为第2反应区,第1反应区与第2反应区体积比为2~7.4,外圆柱罐的顶部有与第1反应区相连通的沼气排放管Ⅱ和与第2反应区相连通的沼气排放管Ⅰ,沼气排放管Ⅱ上有二通阀Ⅷ,沼气排放管Ⅰ上有二通阀Ⅶ,在内圆柱筒上距离顶部10~20cm处设有环形酸解液出口,第2反应区的底部有环状布水装置,布水装置上有3~5个孔,第2反应区的一侧设有沼液循环回流管,沼液循环回流管的上端与第2反应区上部的沼液出口连通,沼液循环回流管的下端进入第2反应区与布水装置相连,在沼液循环回流管上设有蠕动泵和二通阀Ⅱ,第2反应区的另一侧设有与第2反应区底部连通的垂直沼液排放管,垂直沼液排放管上间隔设置3~5个沼液排放口,每个排放口分别有二通阀。  The integrated organic domestic waste dry anaerobic fermentation device of the present invention comprises a material feeding pipe coaxially arranged from the inside to the outside, an inner cylinder and an outer cylindrical tank, and the upper part of the material feeding pipe protrudes from the top surface of the outer cylindrical tank. A two-way valve I is installed, and the lower part of the material feeding pipe extends to a distance of 20-40 cm from the bottom of the inner cylinder. The outer cylindrical tank is covered with a layer of insulation layer. The bottom of the outer cylindrical tank is conical, and the conical cone top is set Biogas residue discharge pipe, there is a two-way valve III on the biogas residue discharge pipe, the upper end of the inner cylinder is sealed with the top surface of the outer cylindrical tank, the lower end of the inner cylinder is sealed with the conical cone bottom of the outer cylindrical tank, and the inner cylinder is In the first reaction zone, the cavity formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylindrical tank is the second reaction zone, the volume ratio of the first reaction zone to the second reaction zone is 2~7.4, and the top of the outer cylindrical tank is connected to the first reaction zone. The biogas discharge pipe II connected with the zone and the biogas discharge pipe I connected with the second reaction zone, there is a two-way valve VIII on the biogas discharge pipe II, a two-way valve VII on the biogas discharge pipe I, and the distance on the inner cylinder The top 10~20cm is equipped with an annular acid solution outlet, and the bottom of the second reaction zone is equipped with an annular water distribution device. There are 3~5 holes on the water distribution device. One side of the second reaction zone is equipped with biogas slurry circulation backflow The upper end of the biogas slurry circulation return pipe is connected with the biogas slurry outlet in the upper part of the second reaction zone, and the lower end of the biogas slurry circulation return pipe enters the second reaction zone and is connected with the water distribution device. A peristaltic pump is installed on the biogas slurry circulation return pipe and two-way valve II, the other side of the second reaction zone is provided with a vertical biogas slurry discharge pipe connected to the bottom of the second reaction zone, and 3 to 5 biogas slurry discharge ports are arranged at intervals on the vertical biogas slurry discharge pipe, each discharging Each port has a two-way valve. the

利用上述的装置干法厌氧发酵有机生活垃圾的方法,其特征在于:将有机生活垃圾加热至55℃~60℃,从物料进料管半连续进入第一反应区,通过进料管上的二通阀Ⅰ和沼渣排放管上的二通阀Ⅲ控制进料速度和沼渣排放速度,使物料在55℃~60℃温度下停留4~10天;第1反应区发酵产生的气体从沼气排放管Ⅱ排出,发酵产生的酸解液从酸解液出口进入第2反应区,开启蠕动泵使酸解液通过沼液循环管和布水装置进行内循环,防止生物污泥发生沉淀,控制酸解液在第2反应区停留14-30天,开启垂直沼液排放管上间隔设置的3~5个沼液排放口排放酸解液,第2反应区发酵产生的气体从沼气排放管Ⅰ排出。  The method for dry anaerobic fermentation of organic domestic waste using the above-mentioned device is characterized in that: the organic domestic waste is heated to 55°C to 60°C, enters the first reaction zone semi-continuously from the material feed pipe, and passes through the feed pipe. The two-way valve Ⅰ and the two-way valve Ⅲ on the biogas residue discharge pipe control the feed rate and biogas residue discharge rate, so that the material stays at a temperature of 55 ° C ~ 60 ° C for 4 ~ 10 days; The biogas discharge pipe II is discharged, and the acidolysis solution produced by fermentation enters the second reaction zone from the outlet of the acid solution, and the peristaltic pump is turned on to make the acidolysis solution internally circulate through the biogas slurry circulation pipe and the water distribution device, so as to prevent the sedimentation of biological sludge and control The acidolysis solution stays in the second reaction zone for 14-30 days, and the 3 to 5 biogas slurry outlets arranged at intervals on the vertical biogas slurry discharge pipe are opened to discharge the acidolysis solution, and the gas produced by fermentation in the second reaction zone is discharged from the biogas discharge pipe I discharge. the

本发明具有以下有益效果: The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明不仅实现了厌氧分相发酵,固液气三相分离,同时保持较高的发酵微生物浓度及活性,使整个发酵系统更为稳定,效能更高。整体系统结构紧凑,占地面积小,功能区划分明。 The invention not only realizes the anaerobic phase-separated fermentation and the three-phase separation of solid, liquid and gas, but also maintains a higher concentration and activity of fermentation microorganisms, so that the whole fermentation system is more stable and has higher efficiency. The overall system has a compact structure, a small footprint, and clear functional areas.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明的厌氧发酵装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the anaerobic fermentation device of the present invention.

图中:1、二通阀Ⅰ,2、物料进料管,3、内圆柱筒,3-1、第1反应区, In the figure: 1. Two-way valve I, 2. Material feed pipe, 3. Inner cylinder, 3-1. The first reaction zone,

4、酸解液出口,5、外圆柱罐,5-1、第2反应区,6、沼液出口,7、沼液循环回流管,8、蠕动泵,9、二通阀Ⅱ,11、布水装置,12、沼渣排放管,13、二通阀Ⅲ,14、保温层,15、垂直沼液排放管,16、二通阀Ⅳ,17、沼液排放口Ⅰ,18、二通阀Ⅴ,19、沼液排放口Ⅱ,20、二通阀Ⅵ,21、沼液排放口Ⅲ,22、沼气排放管Ⅰ,23、二通阀Ⅶ,24、沼气排放管Ⅱ,25、二通阀Ⅷ。 4. Acidolysis solution outlet, 5. Outer cylindrical tank, 5-1, Second reaction zone, 6. Biogas slurry outlet, 7. Biogas slurry circulation return pipe, 8. Peristaltic pump, 9. Two-way valve II, 11, Water distribution device, 12, biogas residue discharge pipe, 13, two-way valve III, 14, insulation layer, 15, vertical biogas slurry discharge pipe, 16, two-way valve IV, 17, biogas slurry discharge port I, 18, two-way Valve V, 19, biogas slurry discharge port II, 20, two-way valve VI, 21, biogas slurry discharge port III, 22, biogas discharge pipe I, 23, two-way valve VII, 24, biogas discharge pipe II, 25, two Through valve VIII.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

参照图1,本发明的一体式有机生活垃圾干法厌氧发酵装置,包括自内向外同轴线装置的物料进料管2,内圆柱筒3和外圆柱罐5,物料进料管2的上部伸出外圆柱罐5顶面,并安装有二通阀Ⅰ 1,物料进料管2的下部伸至距离内圆柱筒3底部20~40 cm处,外圆柱罐5外包有一层保温层14,外圆柱罐5的底部呈圆锥形,圆锥形锥顶设沼渣排放管12,沼渣排放管12上有二通阀Ⅲ13,内圆柱筒3的上端与外圆柱罐5顶面密封,内圆柱筒3的下端与外圆柱罐5底部的圆锥形锥底密封,内圆柱筒3为第1反应区3-1,内圆柱筒3和外圆柱罐5之间形成的腔体为第2反应区5-1,第1反应区与第2反应区体积比为2~7.4,外圆柱罐5的顶部有与第1反应区3-1相连通的沼气排放管Ⅱ 24和与第2反应区5-1相连通的沼气排放管Ⅰ 22,沼气排放管Ⅱ 24上有二通阀Ⅷ 25,沼气排放管Ⅰ    22上有二通阀Ⅶ 23,在内圆柱筒3上距离顶部10~20cm处设有环形酸解液出口4,第2反应区5-1的底部有环状布水装置,布水装置上有3~5个孔,第2反应区5-1的一侧设有沼液循环回流管7,沼液循环回流管7的上端与第2反应区5-1上部的沼液出口6连通,沼液循环回流管7的下端进入第2反应区5-1与布水装置11相连,在沼液循环回流管7上设有蠕动泵8和二通阀Ⅱ 9,第2反应区5-1的另一侧设有与第2反应区底部连通的垂直沼液排放管15,图示实例中,在垂直沼液排放管15上间隔设置3个沼液排放口,分别为沼液排放口Ⅰ17、沼液排放口Ⅱ 19和沼液排放口Ⅲ 21,每个排放口上各有二通阀,分别为二通阀Ⅳ16、二通阀Ⅴ18和二通阀Ⅵ20。 Referring to Fig. 1, the integrated dry anaerobic fermentation device of organic domestic waste of the present invention comprises the material feed pipe 2 of coaxial device from inside to outside, inner cylinder 3 and outer cylinder tank 5, the material feed pipe 2 The upper part protrudes from the top surface of the outer cylindrical tank 5 and is equipped with a two-way valve I 1. The lower part of the material feed pipe 2 extends to a distance of 20 to 40 cm from the bottom of the inner cylindrical tank 3, and the outer cylindrical tank 5 is covered with a layer of insulation layer 14. The bottom of the outer cylindrical tank 5 is conical, and the top of the conical cone is provided with a biogas residue discharge pipe 12. There is a two-way valve III13 on the biogas residue discharge pipe 12, and the upper end of the inner cylinder 3 is sealed with the top surface of the outer cylindrical tank 5. The lower end of the cylinder 3 is sealed with the conical bottom of the outer cylindrical tank 5, the inner cylinder 3 is the first reaction zone 3-1, and the cavity formed between the inner cylinder 3 and the outer cylindrical tank 5 is the second reaction zone 5-1, the volume ratio between the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone is 2~7.4, the top of the outer cylindrical tank 5 has a biogas discharge pipe II 24 connected with the first reaction zone 3-1 and connected with the second reaction zone 5 - 1 connected biogas discharge pipe Ⅰ 22, a two-way valve Ⅷ 25 on the biogas discharge pipe Ⅱ 24, a two-way valve Ⅶ 23 on the biogas discharge pipe Ⅰ 22, set on the inner cylinder 3 at a distance of 10 to 20 cm from the top There is an annular acidolysis solution outlet 4, and there is an annular water distribution device at the bottom of the second reaction zone 5-1, and there are 3 to 5 holes on the water distribution device, and biogas slurry circulation is provided on one side of the second reaction zone 5-1 The return pipe 7, the upper end of the biogas slurry circulation return pipe 7 is connected with the biogas slurry outlet 6 on the upper part of the second reaction zone 5-1, and the lower end of the biogas slurry circulation return pipe 7 enters the second reaction zone 5-1 and is connected with the water distribution device 11 , a peristaltic pump 8 and a two-way valve II 9 are provided on the biogas slurry circulation return pipe 7, and a vertical biogas slurry discharge pipe 15 communicating with the bottom of the second reaction zone is provided on the other side of the second reaction zone 5-1, as shown in Fig. In the illustrated example, three biogas slurry discharge outlets are arranged at intervals on the vertical biogas slurry discharge pipe 15, which are biogas slurry discharge outlet I17, biogas slurry discharge outlet II19 and biogas slurry discharge outlet III21, and each outlet has two The two-way valves are respectively two-way valve IV16, two-way valve V18 and two-way valve VI20.

发酵罐运行时,将加热至55℃~60℃的有机生活垃圾采取时间间隔为8~12小时的半连续式进料模式,从物料进料管2进入第一反应区3-1,通过进料管上的二通阀Ⅰ 1控制进料速度,通过圆锥体底部沼渣排放管12上的二通阀Ⅲ 13控制沼渣排放速度,使物料在55℃~60℃温度下停留时间为4~10天,高固体含量有机生活垃圾在第1反应区3-1进行水解酸化,生物质经过水解酸化之后转化成酸解液,密度较大沼渣沉降到罐体底部圆锥体从沼渣排放管12排出,发酵产生的气体从沼气排放管Ⅱ 24排出,发酵产生的酸解液从酸解液出口4进入第2反应区5-1,开启蠕动泵8使酸解液通过沼液循环管和布水装置进行内循环形成的回流翻滚,防止生物污泥发生沉淀蓄积,有利于生物污泥在第2反应区5-1内与生物质的有效接触,促进厌氧发酵产沼,第2反应区5-1发酵产生的气体从沼气排放管Ⅰ 22排出。控制酸解液在第2反应区5-1于55℃~60℃温度下停留14-30天,开启垂直沼液排放管上间隔设置的3~5个沼液排放口排放酸解液,运行不同的停留时间采用不同位置的排放口排放沼液,例如当停留时间为14天时,开启沼液排放口Ⅰ 17,当停留时间为30天时,开启沼液排放口Ⅲ 21。 When the fermenter is in operation, the organic household waste heated to 55°C-60°C adopts a semi-continuous feeding mode with a time interval of 8-12 hours, enters the first reaction zone 3-1 from the material feed pipe 2, and passes through the feeding The two-way valve Ⅰ 1 on the feed pipe controls the feeding speed, and the two-way valve III 13 on the biogas residue discharge pipe 12 at the bottom of the cone controls the biogas residue discharge speed, so that the material stays at a temperature of 55°C to 60°C for 4 ~10 days, high solid content organic domestic waste is hydrolyzed and acidified in the first reaction zone 3-1, and the biomass is converted into acid solution after being hydrolyzed and acidified. 12, the gas produced by fermentation is discharged from the biogas discharge pipe II 24, the acidolysis solution produced by fermentation enters the second reaction zone 5-1 from the acid solution outlet 4, and the peristaltic pump 8 is turned on to make the acid solution pass through the biogas slurry circulation pipe and cloth The backflow and tumbling formed by the internal circulation of the water device prevents the sedimentation and accumulation of biological sludge, which is conducive to the effective contact between biological sludge and biomass in the second reaction zone 5-1, and promotes anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas. The second reaction zone 5-1 The gas produced by fermentation is discharged from the biogas discharge pipe I 22. Control the acidolysis solution to stay in the second reaction zone 5-1 at a temperature of 55°C to 60°C for 14-30 days, open 3 to 5 biogas slurry discharge outlets arranged at intervals on the vertical biogas slurry discharge pipe to discharge the acidolysis solution, and run Different residence times use outlets at different positions to discharge biogas slurry. For example, when the residence time is 14 days, open biogas slurry discharge port I 17, and when the residence time is 30 days, open biogas slurry discharge port III 21.

Claims (2)

1. integral type organic domestic waste dry-process anaerobic fermentation device, it is characterized in that: comprise the material feeding pipe (2) of coaxial line device from inside to outside, inner cylindrical tube (3) and outside cylinder tank (5), outside cylinder tank (5) end face is stretched out on the top of material feeding pipe (2), and two-port valve I (1) is installed, the bottom of material feeding pipe (2) extends apart from 20 ~ 40 cm places, inner cylindrical tube (3) bottom, the outer one layer of heat preservation layer (14) that is surrounded by of outside cylinder tank (5), it is conical that the bottom of outside cylinder tank (5) is, the conical vertex of a cone is established natural pond slag delivery pipe (12), on natural pond slag delivery pipe (12), there is two-port valve III (13), the upper end of inner cylindrical tube (3) and the sealing of outside cylinder tank (5) end face, the taper shape cone end sealing of the lower end of inner cylindrical tube (3) and outside cylinder tank (5) bottom, inner cylindrical tube (3) is the 1st reaction zone (3-1), the cavity forming between inner cylindrical tube (3) and outside cylinder tank (5) is the 2nd reaction zone (5-1), the 1st reaction zone and the 2nd reaction zone volume ratio are 2 ~ 7.4, the firedamp drainage pipe II (24) being connected with the 1st reaction zone (3-1) and the firedamp drainage pipe I (22) being connected with the 2nd reaction zone (5-1) are arranged at the top of outside cylinder tank (5), in firedamp drainage pipe II (24), there is two-port valve VIII (25), in firedamp drainage pipe I (22), there is two-port valve VII (23), at the upper distance top of inner cylindrical tube (3), 10 ~ 20cm place is provided with annular acid hydrolysis solution outlet (4), ring-type water-distributing device is arranged at the bottom of the 2nd reaction zone (5-1), on water-distributing device, there are 3 ~ 5 holes, one side of the 2nd reaction zone (5-1) is provided with natural pond liquid pump around circuit pipe (7), the upper end of natural pond liquid pump around circuit pipe (7) is communicated with the natural pond liquid outlet (6) on the 2nd top, reaction zone (5-1), the lower end of natural pond liquid pump around circuit pipe (7) enters the 2nd reaction zone (5-1) and is connected with water-distributing device (11), on natural pond liquid pump around circuit pipe (7), be provided with peristaltic pump (8) and two-port valve II (9), the opposite side of the 2nd reaction zone (5-1) is provided with the vertical natural pond liquid delivery pipe (15) being communicated with the 2nd bottom, reaction zone, the upper interval of vertical natural pond liquid delivery pipe (15) arranges 3 ~ 5 natural pond liquid discharge outlets, each discharge outlet has respectively two-port valve.
2. utilize the method for the device dry anaerobic fermentation organic domestic waste described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: organic domestic waste is heated to 55 ℃~60 ℃, from semicontinuous the first reaction zone (3-1) that enters of material feeding pipe (2), control input speed and natural pond slag discharge rate by the two-port valve III (13) on two-port valve I (1) and natural pond slag delivery pipe (12) on feed-pipe, material is stopped 4 ~ 10 days at 55 ℃~60 ℃ temperature; The gas that the 1st reaction zone fermentation produces is discharged from firedamp drainage pipe II (24), the acid hydrolysis solution that fermentation produces enters the 2nd reaction zone (5-1) from acid hydrolysis solution outlet (4), opening peristaltic pump (8) makes acid hydrolysis solution carry out internal recycle by natural pond liquid circulation tube and water-distributing device, prevent that biological sludge from precipitating, control acid hydrolysis solution and stop 14-30 days in the 2nd reaction zone, open spaced 3 ~ 5 natural pond liquid discharge outlet discharge acid hydrolysis solutions on the liquid delivery pipe of vertical natural pond, the gas that the 2nd reaction zone fermentation produces is discharged from firedamp drainage pipe I (22).
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