CN103763535A - Pixel array with super sampling function, image sensor and a plurality of pixel units - Google Patents
Pixel array with super sampling function, image sensor and a plurality of pixel units Download PDFInfo
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- CN103763535A CN103763535A CN201410043675.4A CN201410043675A CN103763535A CN 103763535 A CN103763535 A CN 103763535A CN 201410043675 A CN201410043675 A CN 201410043675A CN 103763535 A CN103763535 A CN 103763535A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pixel array with a super sampling function, an image sensor and a plurality of pixel units. The pixel array with the super sampling function comprises the pixel units. Each pixel unit comprises a plurality of pixel groups respectively including a plurality of pixels, center points of pixels in the same group are staggered mutually and the pixel groups of each pixel unit are distributed irregularly in a rotating mode around the center point of the corresponding pixel unit. Because the pixel groups of each pixel unit are distributed irregularly in the rotating mode around the center point of the corresponding pixel unit, distribution positions are scattered, irregular sampling can be achieved, and anti-aliasing is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of image sensors, specifically, relate to a kind of pel array, imageing sensor, pixel cell of super sampling.
Background technology
Imageing sensor is widely used in civilian and business category.At present, imageing sensor is by cmos image sensor (CMOS IMAGE SENSOR, hereinafter to be referred as CIS) and charge-coupled image sensor (Charge-coupled Device, C/C for short D).Compare with ccd image sensor, cmos image sensor has low cost of manufacture, the main advantage that low in energy consumption and image time delay is less; Meanwhile, along with the progress of technique, the inferior position that the Rolling Shutter Effect that cmos image sensor is intrinsic and signal to noise ratio are lower slowly changes, and the picture quality of many cmos image sensor products has equaled to ccd image sensor product.
Cmos image sensor is widely applied in fact at mobile phone camera, IP Camera, monitoring camera, optical mouse, digital single-lens reflex camera.The pixel cell composition that the cmos image sensor using in these fields normally forms based on CMOS active pixel sensor (Active Pixel Sensor is called for short APS).
The cmos image sensor forming based on APS, the principle of the image of its seizure is: utilize a light sensitive diode (photo diode, be called for short PD) receive the photon of incident light, and carry out opto-electronic conversion output voltage signal, again by subsequent conditioning circuit as processing such as amplifying circuit, filtering and noise reduction circuit, final output forms picture signal.Incident light is stronger, and the voltage signal of output is larger.
Along with the raising of CMOS technique, the size of CMOS active pixel sensor APS is more and more less, and the pixel that forms thus imageing sensor is also more and more.But due to the restriction of circuit and electronic technology, more pixel also means noise hidden danger that may be higher, picture quality is formed to negative effect.In addition,, due to the existence of the diffraction limit in optical technology (Diffraction Limit), when the minimum sampling interval is less than certain distance, the sample frequency of optics cannot further improve.
In order to solve these technical problems, there is super sampling (Super sampling), or multiple sampling (Multi-sampling).So-called super sampling (Super sampling) or multiple sampling (Multi-sampling) refer to by the some CMOS active pixel sensor APS that close on and form pixel cell, the output valve using its average as pixel cell.
In prior art, pixel cell is when carrying out super sampling, and its CMOS active pixel sensor APS, color filter lens array (Color Filter Array is called for short CFA) are to arrange according to the mode of rectangular mesh.
Fig. 1 is the profile that gathers the pel array of gray level image in prior art.As shown in Figure 1, from section pel array, be substantially divided into three layers of upper, middle and lowers, upper strata 101 is microlens layer, and middle level 102 matrix are silica material, and lower floor's 103 host materials are silicon.It is convex lens 111 that upper strata 101 is used for placing the each lenticule Micro-lens of lenticule Micro-lens –, a corresponding optical channel and a light sensitive diode (Photo Diode is called for short PD).Middle level 102 is used for placing metal level M1～M3.Between adjacent metal, leave optical channel.Lower floor 103 is used for placing light sensitive diode 113.Wherein between metal level M1～M4, be electrically connected, be used for transmitting the signal of telecommunication.As lenticular convex lens 111 collected light, incident light enters the light sensitive diode 113 of optical channel arrival lower floor.Light sensitive diode 113 is met photon generation photoelectric effect, then spreads out of the signal of telecommunication, and more detailed know-why repeats no more herein.
Fig. 2 is the pel array floor map based on active sensor APS in prior art, as shown in Figure 2, of the prior art, color filter lens array pattern adopts Bayer pattern conventionally, and the RAW format digital image obtaining need to carry out by color difference algorithm the color of image of rediscover.According to filter color difference corresponding to pixel in fact, Bayer pattern color filter array has tetra-kinds of four kinds of variant: RGGB, GRBG, GBRG and BGGR.The corresponding red filter R of the initial pixel of the pel array of signal herein, its Bayer pattern is RGGB.The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width.
Fig. 3 is the floor map of 2x2 super sampling image pixel array in prior art.As shown in Figure 3, each pixel cell comprises 2x2 totally four active sensor APS, for color filter lens array take the pixel of red filter as example, the average of pixel cell output red filter (Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd) is as the numeral output of its pixel R, and other each pixels are exported green filter (G1G1G1G1 in an identical manner; G2G2G2G2) and the digital value of blue filter (BBBB).The digital value of pixel cell R, G1, G2 and B is as the RAW formatted data of this pel array, and the color difference algorithm through the Bayer pattern for RGGB in digital signal processing module generates coloured image.
The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width.Each pixel cell size is 2Pxwidth*2Px width.
Fig. 4 is the floor map of n x n super sampling image pixel array in prior art.As shown in Figure 4, in the pixel cell of this pel array, there is n active sensor APS of n x.Take the pixel of the red filter of correspondence as example, pixel cell output R00～R0n, R10～R1n ... the average of Rn0～Rnn is as the numeral output of pixel R.Pixel cell output pixel G1 ... G1, G2 ... G2 and B ... the average of B, respectively as the output of pixel G, pixel G, pixel B, then participates in the processing of RAW format-pattern.
The size of each pixel is Px width*Px width.Each pixel cell size is nPxwidth*nPx width.
As can be seen here, in super sampling pel array in prior art, active sensor APS adopts rectangular mesh on plane is arranged, and must carry out rule sampling, causes thus lacking sampling sawtooth (Anti-aliasing).
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of pel array, imageing sensor, pixel cell of super sampling, in order to solve in prior art the pel array plane employing rectangular mesh of arranging, rule sampling must be carried out and the technical problem of the scarce sampling sawtooth that causes.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of pel array of super sampling, it comprises several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises some groups of pixels, each group pixel comprises several pixels, form the central point mutual dislocation of each group of pixel of same pixel cell, to arrange around the irregular mode of described same pixel cell central point rotation.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of imageing sensor of super sampling, it comprises the pel array of super sampling, described pel array comprises several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises some groups of pixels, each group pixel comprises several pixels, forms the central point mutual dislocation of each group of pixel of same pixel cell, to arrange around the irregular mode of described same pixel cell central point rotation.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of pixel cell of super sampling, it comprises some groups of pixels, each group pixel comprises several pixels, form the central point mutual dislocation of each group of pixel of same pixel cell, to arrange around the irregular mode of described same pixel cell central point rotation.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, each group pixel comprises the pixel of the pixel of a red filter of arranging according to BAYER pattern, two green filters, the pixel of a blue filter.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, export the pixel digital value of same color reducing power filter respective pixel in each group of pixel of same pixel cell, carry out accordingly mean value computation and obtain the pixel numeral average of same color reducing power filter respective pixel, the pixel digital output value using described pixel numeral average as described same pixel cell.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, each pixel cell at least comprises 2*2 group pixel.
Compared with existing scheme, in the present invention, pel array comprises several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises some groups of pixels, each group pixel comprises several pixels, forms the central point mutual dislocation of each group of pixel of same pixel cell, to arrange around the irregular mode of described same pixel cell central point rotation, need not rule sample, thereby avoided scarce sampling sawtooth (Anti-aliasing).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the profile that gathers the pel array of gray level image in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the pel array floor map based on active sensor APS in prior art;
Fig. 3 is the floor map of 2x2 super sampling image pixel array in prior art;
Fig. 4 is the floor map of n x n super sampling image pixel array in prior art;
Figure 5 shows that the planar structure schematic diagram of the pixel cell embodiment mono-of super sampling of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment mono-of super sampling of the present invention;
Figure 7 shows that the planar structure schematic diagram of the pixel cell embodiment bis-of super sampling of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment mono-of super sampling of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below will coordinate graphic and embodiment to describe embodiments of the present invention in detail, and by this present invention's implementation procedure how application technology means solve technical problem and reach technology effect can be fully understood and be implemented according to this.
Pel array in the following embodiment of the present invention comprises several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises some groups of pixels, each group pixel comprises several pixels, form the central point mutual dislocation of each group of pixel of same pixel cell, to arrange around the irregular mode of described same pixel cell central point rotation, need not rule sample, thereby avoided scarce sampling sawtooth (Anti-aliasing).
In the following embodiment of the present invention, will be to describe based on RGB three primary colors pixel, each group pixel comprises the pixel of the pixel of a red filter of arranging according to BAYER pattern, two green filters, the pixel of a blue filter.
But, it should be noted that, those of ordinary skills also can be based on CMYK four primaries pixel, about following the repeating no more of embodiment of CMYK four primaries pixel application main thought of the present invention.
In following embodiment of the present invention, for same pixel cell, the pixel digital value of same color reducing power filter respective pixel in the each group of pixel that output comprises, carry out accordingly mean value computation and obtain the pixel numeral average of same color reducing power filter respective pixel, the pixel digital output value using described pixel numeral average as described same pixel cell.Please participate in detail following embodiment mono-and two.
Figure 5 shows that the planar structure schematic diagram of the pixel cell embodiment mono-of super sampling of the present invention; As shown in Figure 5, in the present embodiment, with each pixel cell, comprise 2*2 group pixel, every group of pixel comprises the pixel of the pixel of a red filter of arranging according to BAYER pattern, two green filters, the pixel of a blue filter, amounts to 16 pixels.In other words, in fact each pixel cell comprises 4 red pixels (Ra Rb Rc Rd), 8 green pixel (G1G1G1G1; G2G2G2G2), 4 blue pixel (BBBB).Therefore, with pixel cell redness, be reduced to example, export respectively the pixel digital value of 4 red pixels (RaRb Rc Rd) and carry out mean value computation, can obtain this pixel cell and when reduction is red, obtain red pixel digital output value.Similarly, this pixel cell be can obtain and green pixel digital output value, blue pixel digital output value when reduction is red, obtained.
Because the pixel arrangement location comparison of same color disperses, can carry out irregular sampling, thereby can avoid lacking sampling sawtooth.
In the present embodiment, if the width of one group of pixel is px width, the width of pixel cell is actually 2*px width.
Fig. 6 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment mono-of super sampling of the present invention; As shown in Figure 6, the some pixel cells as shown in Figure 5 of the pel array in the present embodiment build, and repeat no more in detail.
Figure 7 shows that the planar structure schematic diagram of the pixel cell embodiment bis-of super sampling of the present invention; As shown in Figure 7, in the present embodiment, with each pixel cell, comprise 4*4 group pixel, every group of pixel comprises the pixel of the pixel of a red filter of arranging according to BAYER pattern, two green filters, the pixel of a blue filter, amounts to 64 pixels.In other words, in fact each pixel cell comprises 16 red pixel (Ra ... Rk), 32 green pixel (G1 ... G1; G2 ... G2), 16 blue pixel (B ... B).Therefore, with pixel cell redness, be reduced to example, export respectively 16 red pixel (Ra ... Rk) pixel digital value is also carried out mean value computation, can obtain this pixel cell and when reduction is red, obtain red pixel digital output value.Similarly, this pixel cell be can obtain and green pixel digital output value, blue pixel digital output value when reduction is red, obtained.
Because the pixel arrangement location comparison of same color disperses, can irregularly sample, thereby can avoid scarce sampling sawtooth.
In the present embodiment, if the width of one group of pixel is px width, the width of pixel cell is actually 4*px width.
Fig. 8 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the pel array embodiment mono-of super sampling of the present invention; As shown in Figure 8, the some pixel cells as shown in Figure 7 of the pel array in the present embodiment build, and repeat no more in detail.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiment of the present invention, only with pixel cell, comprise that 2*2 group pixel or 4*4 group pixel schematically illustrate, but, those of ordinary skills also can product actual demand, make pixel cell comprise more groups of pixels, repeat no more in detail.
A kind of imageing sensor is also provided in one embodiment of the invention, and this imageing sensor is built by the pel array shown in the above-mentioned Fig. 6 of the present invention or Fig. 8, repeats no more in detail.
Above-mentioned explanation illustrates and has described some preferred embodiments of the present invention, but as previously mentioned, be to be understood that the present invention is not limited to disclosed form herein, should not regard the eliminating to other embodiment as, and can be used for various other combinations, modification and environment, and can, in invention contemplated scope described herein, by technology or the knowledge of above-mentioned instruction or association area, change.And the change that those skilled in the art carry out and variation do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all should be in the protection range of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the pel array of a super sampling, it is characterized in that, comprise several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises some groups of pixels, each group pixel comprises several pixels, form the central point mutual dislocation of each group of pixel of same pixel cell, to arrange around the irregular mode of described same pixel cell central point rotation.
2. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each group pixel comprises the pixel of the pixel of a red filter of arranging according to BAYER pattern, two green filters, the pixel of a blue filter.
3. pel array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, export the pixel digital value of same color reducing power filter respective pixel in each group of pixel of same pixel cell, carry out accordingly mean value computation and obtain the pixel numeral average of same color reducing power filter respective pixel, the pixel digital output value using described pixel numeral average as described same pixel cell.
4. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each pixel cell at least comprises 2*2 group pixel.
5. the imageing sensor of a super sampling, it is characterized in that, comprise the pel array of super sampling, described pel array comprises several pixel cells, each pixel cell comprises some groups of pixels, each group pixel comprises several pixels, forms the central point mutual dislocation of each group of pixel of same pixel cell, to arrange around the irregular mode of described same pixel cell central point rotation.
6. imageing sensor according to claim 5, is characterized in that, each group pixel comprises the pixel of the pixel of a red filter of arranging according to BAYER pattern, two green filters, the pixel of a blue filter.
7. imageing sensor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, export the pixel digital value of same color reducing power filter respective pixel in each group of pixel of same pixel cell, carry out accordingly mean value computation and obtain the pixel numeral average of same color reducing power filter respective pixel, the pixel digital output value using described pixel numeral average as described same pixel cell.
8. imageing sensor according to claim 5, is characterized in that, each pixel cell at least comprises 2*2 group pixel.
9. the pixel cell of a super sampling, it is characterized in that, comprise some groups of pixels, each group pixel comprises several pixels, form the central point mutual dislocation of each group of pixel of same pixel cell, to arrange around the irregular mode of described same pixel cell central point rotation.
10. pixel cell according to claim 9, is characterized in that, each group pixel comprises the pixel of the pixel of a red filter of arranging according to BAYER pattern, two green filters, the pixel of a blue filter.
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| CN1111363A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1995-11-08 | 胡宝建 | Tricolour filter for producing colour picture |
| US20100277478A1 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-04 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Image processing apparatus and method |
| JP2012090357A (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2012-05-10 | Candela Microsystems Inc | Method for transmitting image, image sensor system and image sensor |
| CN103024305A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Improved pixel array |
| CN103067672A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-24 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Shake sample pixel array |
| CN103325136A (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2013-09-25 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | Method and system for anti-aliasing by pixel sampling |
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- 2014-01-29 CN CN201410043675.4A patent/CN103763535B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1111363A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1995-11-08 | 胡宝建 | Tricolour filter for producing colour picture |
| JP2012090357A (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2012-05-10 | Candela Microsystems Inc | Method for transmitting image, image sensor system and image sensor |
| CN103325136A (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2013-09-25 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | Method and system for anti-aliasing by pixel sampling |
| US20100277478A1 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-04 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Image processing apparatus and method |
| CN103067672A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-24 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Shake sample pixel array |
| CN103024305A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Improved pixel array |
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