CN103758865B - Permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing - Google Patents

Permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103758865B
CN103758865B CN201410010004.8A CN201410010004A CN103758865B CN 103758865 B CN103758865 B CN 103758865B CN 201410010004 A CN201410010004 A CN 201410010004A CN 103758865 B CN103758865 B CN 103758865B
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magnetic pole
stator
magnetic
suspension bearing
end thrust
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CN201410010004.8A
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CN103758865A (en
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张鹏飞
席光
王志恒
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0461Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0465Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with permanent magnets provided in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0476Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of one degree of freedom, e.g. axial magnetic bearings

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  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing, be generally employed in pairs, belong to hybrid magnetic suspension bearing.Stator internal magnetic pole and stator outer magnetic pole are placed in end thrust dish side by it;Utilize end thrust dish step surface as magnetic pole strength;Utilize axial charging annular permanent magnnet and control winding set up bias magnetic field at the inside and outside magnetic pole of stator and end thrust dish air gap respectively and control magnetic field, after using in pairs, realize axial Bit andits control;And open Cooling Holes on the inside and outside magnetic pole of stator.This permanent magnetism off-set magnetic suspension bearing is installed, convenient disassembly, its thrust disc radius is less, power consumption is little, volume is little, the quiescent biasing power on rotor can be overcome, there is preferable cooling capacity, all kinds of magnetic suspension systems have bright prospects, and is particularly well-suited to the occasion that the windage loss such as high-speed compressor, decompressor is magnetic suspension bearing dominant loss.

Description

Permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic suspension bearing, be specifically related to a kind of permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension axle Hold.
Background technology
The ultimate principle of magnetic suspension bearing is to utilize the magnetic force between stator core and rotor core to realize The contactless supporting of rotor.Owing to magneticaction is without medium so that mechanical contact between stator and rotor.
Magnetic suspension bearing has following major advantage: (1) rotor can operate under ultrahigh rotating speed, theoretical Upper rotating speed is limited solely by rotor material;(2) contactless, without lubricating and without the characteristic worn and torn, making magnetcisuspension Floating axle is promised and is used cleaning sterile space, the occasion such as vacuum system, low temperature environment, even hot environment In;(3) bearing loss is the lowest, is only tradition ball bearing or the 1/20 to 1/5 of sliding bearing;(4) Owing to mechanical is worn and torn, its maintenance cost in severe rugged environment is lower, and the life-span is longer.
Magnetic suspension bearing is divided into permanent-magnet type, electromagnetism eccentrically arranged type and permanent magnet bias by the mode that magnetic field is set up Type.
Permanent-magnet type magnetic suspension bearing utilizes the suction of magnetic material or repulsion to realize the suspension of rotor, structure Simply, but its damping is typically small.
Electromagnetism eccentrically arranged type magnetic suspension bearing produces bias magnetic field, alternating current by current offset in air gap Winding produces control magnetic field in air gap, and bias magnetic field and the magnetic force controlling magnetic field superposition generation can be according to instead Feedback signal precision controls magnetic force, thus realizes the control of the degree of freedom of rotor certain or some, this type Magnetic suspension bearing rigidity, damp adjustable.But owing to the bias current under stable case is much larger than controlling electric current, Cause winding to produce more power attenuation, and volume, the weight needed for producing case unit capacity is bigger.
Comparing magnetic bias type magnetic suspension bearing, permanent magnet bias type magnetic suspension bearing is then substituted by permanent magnetic iron Bias coil produces required bias magnetic field in air gap, can not only largely reduce energy consumption, also The temperature rise of magnetic suspension bearing can be reduced, moreover it is possible to reduce volume and the weight of magnetic suspension bearing.This is right at some The aspects such as magnetic suspension power consumption, volume, performance have the field of requirements at the higher level to have irreplaceable advantage, forever Magnetic bias type magnetic suspension bearing technology has become an important directions in magnetic suspension bearing technology.
Windage loss, is a kind of gas friction losses.Owing to hyperbar makes windage loss in compressor and decompressor It is main loss (higher at gas pressure in compressor and decompressor), especially cod thrust Dish, it has relatively large diameter and superficial velocity.It is generally believed that windage loss is substantially proportional to circumference The cube of speed.Therefore, the magnetic suspension bearing with small diameter thrust disc can largely reduce Windage loss.
In most compressors and decompressor, often occur that aerodynamic force produces bigger biasing on rotor The situation of axial force.So, have and can produce quiescent biasing axial force and produce the magnetic suspension of less power consumption Bearing more can meet use requirement.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is primarily targeted at a kind of simple installation of proposition, power consumption is little, volume is little, it is simple to produce The permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing of biasing magnetic force.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: include step-like main shaft and set The stepped end thrust disc being contained on fast headstock terrace, and end thrust dish large end face is against main shaft step Install;Pacify respectively on position corresponding with the inside and outside step surface of stepped end thrust disc on main shaft Equipped with stator internal magnetic pole and stator outer magnetic pole, described stator internal magnetic pole is step-like structure, the outer magnetic of stator Extremely circular ring, and the equal diameters of stator internal magnetic pole and stator outer magnetic pole, stator outer magnetic pole and fixed Form a step-like cavity between sub-internal magnetic pole, the end face in stator internal magnetic pole small stair face is installed There is annular permanent magnnet, control winding is installed in stator outer magnetic pole, outside annular permanent magnnet also Permanent magnet guard shield is installed, the face that stator outer magnetic pole contacts with stator internal magnetic pole is also equipped with annular Non-magnetic pad.
Described stator outer magnetic pole all offers several weeks at the outside same radius of stator internal magnetic pole To uniform stator outer magnetic pole louvre and stator internal magnetic pole louvre.
Described stator internal magnetic pole and the interior step surface of end thrust dish, stator outer magnetic pole and end thrust dish The outer step anchor ring of interior step surface leave gap, its gap width is between 0.3~1.5mm;Stator Internal magnetic pole radially has gap with main shaft, and its gap width is more than or equal to 0.5mm;Stator outer magnetic pole and end Portion's thrust disc has gap compared with the radial direction of small cylindrical surface, and its gap is more than or equal to 1.0mm.
Described end thrust dish, stator internal magnetic pole louvre, stator internal magnetic pole are soft magnetic materials;Main shaft, Permanent magnet guard shield is non-magnet material;Annular permanent magnnet is rare earth permanent-magnetic material or ferrite permanent-magnet material Material.
The permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention can use in pairs, and the annular of axial charging is forever For a long time Magnet is by stator internal magnetic pole, end thrust dish, stator outer magnetic pole, gap between outer magnetic pole in stator And permanent magnet guard shield air gap between step surface and fixed in stator internal magnetic pole and end thrust dish respectively Air gap between step surface is formed in sub-outer magnetic pole and end thrust dish bias magnetic field;Control winding logical After entering electric current, by stator internal magnetic pole, annular non-magnetic pad, stator outer magnetic pole and end thrust Dish air gap between step surface and stator outer magnetic pole and end in stator internal magnetic pole and end thrust dish respectively In portion's thrust disc, air gap between step surface is formed and control magnetic field.Above-mentioned magnetic suspension bearing makes the most in pairs With, it is respectively arranged in two ends of main shaft.
Permanent magnet bias one side of the present invention axial magnetic suspension bearing mainly has the advantage that (1) is originally The stationary part of invention can be easy for installation and removal from the unilateral installation of main shaft;(2) present invention utilizes forever Magnet produces biasing magnetic flux for a long time, especially, when using in pairs, if there being quiescent biasing power to act on rotor Time upper, the different biasing magnetic flux that both sides produce can be offset or this quiescent biasing power of partial offset, decreases Power consumption and volume;(3) the end thrust dish diameter of axial magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention is less, can It is equal or slightly larger than maximum principal axis diameter, not only makes axial magnetic suspension bearing rotor portion requirement of strength drop Low, and its windage loss is the least;(4) permanent magnet is used to produce biasing magnetic flux, with full electromagnetic bearing phase Ratio eliminates the biasing exciting current accounting for fundamental component in coil current, reduces winding copper loss and control Power amplifier is lost, and therefore power consumption is the lowest;(5) magnetic field that axial magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention produces is only Size variation, and nonpolarity change, iron loss is the least;(6) in the present invention, permanent magnetic circuit and control Magnetic circuit separates, and this makes magnetic circuit magnetic resistance the least, and smaller current can produce bigger magnetic flux;(7) forever Magnetic bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing, with louvre, improves the cooling capacity of bearing, it is allowed to higher Winding temperature rise.
The present invention installs, convenient disassembly, and thrust disc radius is less, and power consumption is little, and volume is little, can overcome and turn Quiescent biasing power on son, has preferable cooling capacity, has bright prospects in all kinds of magnetic suspension systems, And it is particularly well-suited to the applied field that the windage loss such as high-speed compressor, decompressor is magnetic suspension bearing dominant loss Close.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of permanent magnet bias one side of the present invention axial magnetic suspension bearing.
Label title in Fig. 1: 1, main shaft.2, end thrust dish.3, permanent magnet guard shield.4, ring Shape permanent magnet.5, stator outer magnetic pole louvre.6, stator outer magnetic pole.7, annular non-magnetic pad. 8, winding is controlled.9, stator internal magnetic pole louvre.10, stator internal magnetic pole.Dotted line with hollow arrow Representing permanent magnet bias magnetic field, the solid line of band filled arrows represents the magnetic field controlling winding generation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.
See Fig. 1, the end thrust dish 2 in figure, stator internal magnetic pole louvre 9, stator internal magnetic pole 10 It is made up of soft magnetic materials;Main shaft 1, permanent magnet guard shield 3, annular non-magnetic pad 7 is non-magnetic material Material;Annular permanent magnnet 4 is rare earth permanent-magnetic material or ferrite permanent-magnet materials.End thrust dish 2 big End face is installed against main shaft 1 step;Annular permanent magnnet 4 is arranged on stator internal magnetic pole 10 cylinder end face On, permanent magnet guard shield 3 is arranged on stator internal magnetic pole 10 cylinder end face and side, and annular is forever Long Magnet 4 contacts between stator internal magnetic pole 10 and permanent magnet guard shield 3 and with both;Control around Group 8 is arranged in stator outer magnetic pole 6 cylinder, and leaves space with permanent magnet guard shield 3;The outer magnetic of stator Pole 6 is installed on stator internal magnetic pole 10 by annular non-magnetic pad 7,7 liang of annular non-magnetic pad Side contacts with stator outer magnetic pole 6 and stator internal magnetic pole 10 respectively;Permanent magnet guard shield 3, annular is forever Magnet 4 and control winding 8 are all at stator outer magnetic pole 6, annular non-magnetic pad 7 and stator internal magnetic pole for a long time In 10 cavitys formed;Stator outer magnetic pole 6 and stator internal magnetic pole 10 at the same radius of outside all with The louvre structure that several circumferences are uniform, respectively stator outer magnetic pole louvre 5 and stator internal magnetic pole dissipate Hot hole 9;Main shaft 1 is positioned at the centre bore of stator internal magnetic pole 10 and stator outer magnetic pole 6, and in stator Magnetic pole 10 and stator outer magnetic pole 6 are placed in end thrust dish 2 side, and they are respectively in the face of end thrust dish The inside and outside step surface of 2.
The stator internal magnetic pole 10 of the present invention is step-like structure, and stator outer magnetic pole 6 is circular ring, And the equal diameters of stator internal magnetic pole 10 and stator outer magnetic pole 6, stator outer magnetic pole 6 and stator internal magnetic pole Form a step-like cavity between 10, the end face in stator internal magnetic pole 10 small stair face is provided with Annular permanent magnnet 4, is provided with control winding 8 in stator outer magnetic pole 6.Stator internal magnetic pole 10 and end The outer step of the interior step surface of the interior step surface of portion's thrust disc 2, stator outer magnetic pole 6 and end thrust dish 2 Anchor ring leaves gap, and its gap width is between 0.3~1.5mm;Stator internal magnetic pole 10 and main shaft 1 Radially having gap, its gap width is more than or equal to 0.5mm;Stator outer magnetic pole 6 and end thrust dish 2 The radial direction of relatively small cylindrical surface has gap, and its gap is more than or equal to 1.0mm.
The annular permanent magnnet 4 of the axial charging in Fig. 1 by stator internal magnetic pole 10, end thrust dish 2, Stator outer magnetic pole 6, gap between outer magnetic pole in stator, permanent magnet guard shield 3 and stator internal magnetic pole 6 And air gap between step surface and stator outer magnetic pole 6 and step in end thrust dish 2 in end thrust dish 2 Air gap between face forms permanent magnet bias field circuit, as shown in arrow single in Fig. 1;Control winding 8 After being passed through electric current, by stator internal magnetic pole 10, annular non-magnetic pad 7, stator outer magnetic pole 6, Air gap between step surface in end thrust dish 2 and stator internal magnetic pole 6 and end thrust dish 2, stator In outer magnetic pole and end thrust dish 3, the air gap between step surface forms control field circuit, as double in Fig. 1 Shown in arrow.Above-mentioned magnetic suspension bearing is generally employed in pairs in pairs, is respectively arranged in two of main shaft End (right-hand axis suspension bearing structure is identical, is not drawn into).
If without the quiescent biasing masterpiece used time on rotor main shaft 1, the above-mentioned magnetic suspension bearing used in pairs can set Count into identical parameter.Its basic functional principle is: when main shaft 1 is in equilbrium position, two ends air gap Equal, left and right stator produces identical suction to rotor.If now main shaft 1 is due to by outside to the right During perturbed force, main shaft can deviate from equilbrium position and moves right, and so makes left side axial magnetic suspension bearing Biasing magnetic flux reduces, and axial magnetic suspension bearing biasing magnetic flux in right side increases;Magnetic suspension shaft on the left of Tong Shi Hold in stator air gap between outer magnetic pole 1 and end thrust dish 2 to increase, magnetic inside and outside the magnetic suspension bearing stator of right side Between pole and end thrust dish, air gap reduces.Due to when magnetic pole area is certain, the size of magnetic attraction and magnetic flux Square being directly proportional of amount, right side axial magnetic suspension bearing to rotor main shaft 1 captivation more than left side, if control During winding no current processed, main shaft 1 does not returns to equilbrium position.Now, if displacement transducer or other class Type sensor detects this change, and is transferred in controller, then controller through calculating after by this One signal changeover control signal, power amplifier amplifies control signal and obtains correspondence in controlling winding Control electric current.This electric current is setting up control after controlling winding in magnetic pole of the stator with end thrust dish air gap Magnetic field processed.The control magnetic field set up superposes with bias magnetic field, makes left side air-gap flux amount increase, right side Air-gap flux amount reduces, and makes main shaft 1 be withdrawn into equilbrium position producing a power to the left;In like manner, when When main shaft is subject to external disturbance to the left, carry degenerative permanent magnet biased axial magnetic suspension bearing by controlling In winding, electric current regulates the magnetic flux of both sides air gap, makes main shaft remain at equilbrium position.
When there being the quiescent biasing masterpiece used time on rotor main shaft 1, then can make left and right side axial magnetic suspension axle Hold air gap biasing magnetic flux and have a difference, partly or entirely to offset this quiescent biasing power.If this is quiet To the right, then left side air gap biasing magnetic flux is more than right side for state bias force;Otherwise, then right side air gap biasing magnetic Flux is more than left side.Have, identical without the magnetic suspension bearing basic functional principle of quiescent biasing power, all adopt In being wound by control with carrying degenerative permanent magnet biased axial magnetic suspension bearing, electric current regulates both sides gas The magnetic flux of gap, makes main shaft 1 remain at equilbrium position.

Claims (4)

1. permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing, it is characterized in that: include step-like main shaft (1) and the stepped end thrust disc (2) being sleeved on main shaft (1) step surface, and end thrust dish (2) large end face is installed against main shaft (1) step;nullAt upper interior with stepped end thrust disc (2) of main shaft (1)、Stator internal magnetic pole (10) and stator outer magnetic pole (6) it is separately installed with on the position that between outer land terrace is corresponding,Described stator internal magnetic pole (10) is step-like structure,Stator outer magnetic pole (6) is circular ring,And the equal diameters of stator internal magnetic pole (10) and stator outer magnetic pole (6),A step-like cavity is formed between stator outer magnetic pole (6) and stator internal magnetic pole (10),Stator internal magnetic pole step-like structure includes a stator internal magnetic pole small stair face,On the end face in described stator internal magnetic pole small stair face, annular permanent magnnet (4) is installed,Control winding (8) is installed in stator outer magnetic pole (6),It is also equipped with permanent magnet guard shield (3) in annular permanent magnnet (4) outside,Annular non-magnetic pad (7) it is also equipped with stator internal magnetic pole (10) on the face that stator outer magnetic pole (6) contacts.
Permanent magnet bias one side the most according to claim 1 axial magnetic suspension bearing, it is characterised in that: all offer uniform stator outer magnetic pole louvre (5) of several circumferences and stator internal magnetic pole louvre (9) at described stator outer magnetic pole (6) and the outside same radius of stator internal magnetic pole (10).
Permanent magnet bias one side the most according to claim 1 axial magnetic suspension bearing, it is characterized in that: described stator internal magnetic pole (10) leaves gap with the interior step surface of end thrust dish (2), stator outer magnetic pole (6) with the outer step anchor ring of end thrust dish (2), and its gap width is between 0.3~1.5mm;Stator internal magnetic pole (10) radially has gap with main shaft (1), and its gap width is more than or equal to 0.5mm;Stator outer magnetic pole (6) has gap with the radial direction of end thrust dish (2) relatively small cylindrical surface, and its gap is more than or equal to 1.0mm.
4. according to the permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that: described end thrust dish (2), stator internal magnetic pole louvre (9), stator internal magnetic pole (10) they are soft magnetic materials;Main shaft (1), permanent magnet guard shield (3) are non-magnet material;Annular permanent magnnet (4) is rare earth permanent-magnetic material or ferrite permanent-magnet materials.
CN201410010004.8A 2014-01-09 2014-01-09 Permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing Active CN103758865B (en)

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CN201410010004.8A CN103758865B (en) 2014-01-09 2014-01-09 Permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing

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CN201410010004.8A CN103758865B (en) 2014-01-09 2014-01-09 Permanent magnet bias one side axial magnetic suspension bearing

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CN103758865B true CN103758865B (en) 2016-08-17

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109058291B (en) * 2018-08-06 2024-06-14 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Magnetic suspension bearing structure and magnetic suspension motor

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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GB2269862B (en) * 1992-08-22 1996-05-08 Glacier Metal Co Ltd Electromagnetic bearing arrangement
JPH08128445A (en) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-21 Hitachi Ltd Thrust magnetic bearing and centrifugal compressor
FR2759434B1 (en) * 1997-02-10 1999-05-07 Aerospatiale ROTARY MAGNETIC BEARING WITH ACTIVE CENTERING ALONG THE ROTATION AXIS AND AT LOW COST
US6703735B1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2004-03-09 Indigo Energy, Inc. Active magnetic thrust bearing
CN100406760C (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-07-30 北京航空航天大学 Design method for permanent magnet bias axial magnetic bearing
CN100487257C (en) * 2007-04-26 2009-05-13 北京航空航天大学 Permanent-magnetic biased axial magnetic bearing

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