CN1037587A - A kind of ray Weighing method and uclear scale - Google Patents
A kind of ray Weighing method and uclear scale Download PDFInfo
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- CN1037587A CN1037587A CN 88102732 CN88102732A CN1037587A CN 1037587 A CN1037587 A CN 1037587A CN 88102732 CN88102732 CN 88102732 CN 88102732 A CN88102732 A CN 88102732A CN 1037587 A CN1037587 A CN 1037587A
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- voltage
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- capacitor
- electronic switch
- voltage comparator
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical class O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000003712 Complement factor B Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000056 Complement factor B Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention is used for the on-line measurement of the weight (quality) of material, as the Charge Mixture Control or the transportation metering of production run, and by radioactive source, detector, tachogenerator (or measuring linear transducer) and secondary instrument constitute.Its secondary instrument comprises that m pulse generator, logarithm ratio A/D transducer, transducer time constant regulating circuit and summary counter constitute, and carry out the load accumulated counts by the meter pulse control counter.
Because the log-of-ratio A/D transducer that adopts among the present invention, the time constant of regulating circuit in conversion process makes this circuit can provide the load value that satisfies error requirements in range ability.Therefore secondary instrument also can provide the integral weight value that satisfies error requirements.
Description
The invention belongs to physical field and relate to a kind of particle radiation metering outfit, be used for weight or mass measurement.
The present invention is the division of patent of invention " a kind of thickness measurement with ray method and ray numeral thickness meter "
Application number 87104380
Applying date 87.6.25
When the present invention utilizes ray to see through feed belt and tested material, the rule that ray changes with belt load (weight of material on the unit strap length), measure belt load, measure the belt running length with the survey linear transducer, (or tachogenerator measure belt speed then time integral is obtained length) calculates through secondary meter, the gross weight that obtains transmitting.
The weight of material that this method also is suitable for carrying in the pipeline measures.
At present, the secondary instrument of uclear scale has two kinds of methods to constitute:
1, analog uclear scale: the electric signal of detector output, amplify and be transformed into voltage signal by prime amplifier, this signal process logarithmic amplifier is finished the reading linearization of load, and the voltage signal that is undertaken exporting with speed pickup by multiplier multiplies each other and obtains quality (weight) stream signal again.By integrator weight stream is obtained general assembly (TW) to time integral at last.
United States Patent (USP) 3,541,332 Patented 17,1970.Be exactly this kind road, road, the shortcoming of sort circuit is because the characteristic of the logarithmic amplifier absorption curve of match material well, and poor stability, thereby low, the poor stability of this uclear scale precision.
2, microcomputer nuclear scale: the voltage signal that utilizes the A/D transducer that the output voltage signal and the speed pickup of detector and prime amplifier are exported carries out the A/D conversion and obtains digital signal, finish digitizing, perhaps the signal of detector is become pulse signal input computing machine, finish the load linearization by computing machine, carry out load and speed and multiply each other and obtain weight stream, again time integral is obtained transmitting general assembly (TW).
The Radiometrische Band-Waage mit Rechnerschaltkreis Zur Signalaufbereitung(M.claser that MoDEL6000X uclear scale that U.S. Kay-Ray company produces and Iso-topenpraxis.Bd.17.H.8/9 introduce) be exactly this uclear scale.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of A/D transducer to finish the linearization and the digitizing of load, and pass through the measurement of travelling belt running length, obtain for example meter pulse of unit length pulse.Each meter pulse makes load add up on summary counter once, and the tale of summary counter has just been represented the general assembly (TW) that transmits.
The present invention not only improved the shortcoming of analog uclear scale low precision, poor stability but also have that circuit is simple, low price, use and overhaul conveniently, advantage that can (for example in the mine) work in rugged surroundings.
Main points of the present invention provide a kind of transducer, and the BCD code of this transducer output is consistent with the error range relation curve interior and belt load value and detector output signal that the pass of the aanalogvoltage of input ties up to requirement.The output code of transducer has also just been represented the load of travelling belt at this moment.
The gamma-rays that isotope is emitted, when passing material, the pass of radioactive intensity N and travelling belt load p is
N（P）＝N
0e
-kp（1）
The radioactive intensity of No detector reception during for no material, population/second.
The radioactive intensity that detector receives when N(P) being P for load, population/second.
K is the absorption coefficient of material, m/kg.
P is a belt load, kg/m
The output signal of detector after amplifier amplifies output voltage V and the pass of travelling belt load be
V（P）＝V
0e
-kp（2）
V
0Bright in a difficult position glutinous sincere black mole Su bucktooth Miao obstructs for pain rank a word used for translation ream
Amplifier output voltage when V(P) being P for load, volt.
P＝ 1/(K) In (V
o)/(V(P)) （3）
Normally middle energy γ source, the γ source that uclear scale uses, energy is the Mev magnitude.Middle energy gamma-rays and matter interaction mainly are Compton effects, produce secondary photon after primary photon and the extranulear electron effect, and therefore build-up effect is arranged, and seeing through the gamma-rays of material and the relation and the index law of belt load has deviation
V（P）＝V
0e
-kpB（KP） （4）
B(KP) be buildup factor, greater than 1.
P＝ 1/(K) In (V
oB(KP))/(V(P)) ＝ 1/(K) In (V
o)/(V(P)) + 1/(K) InB（KP） （5）
Curve 1 in the accompanying drawing 2 is narrow beam gamma-rays buildup factor B(KP just)=1 o'clock absorption curve.Curve 2 is buildup factors greater than 1 o'clock absorption curve.
The digitizing and the linearization that realize belt load just design a kind of transducer, and the digital output signal of this transducer can matched curve 1 and curve 2.Its deviation satisfies accuracy requirement in range ability.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the controlled nucleon operated belt conveyor scale schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is gamma-ray absorption curve.
The explanation of Fig. 1 circuit unit:
[1] radioactive source [2] detector
[3] the reverse operational amplifier of electrometer [4]
[5] RC loop [6] voltage comparator
[7] with door [8] counter
[9] clock generator [10] m pulse generator
[11], [12] time constant regulating circuit [13] tachogenerator
[14] cumulative weight counter
Fig. 2 curve shows:
Curve 1 is a narrow beam gamma-rays absorption curve (buildup factor B(KP)=1)
Curve 3 is the profile with three sections broken lines (two breaks) matched curve 2.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing invention is described in further detail
1, this equipment comprise radioactive source [1], detector [2] (ionisation chamber), electrometer operational amplifier [3], biased reverser [4], the RC loop [5] that formed by electronic switch K, resistance R and capacitor C, voltage comparator [6], with door [7], a counter [8], clock generator [9], m pulse generator [10], voltage comparator and the electronic switch ke that links to each other1、ke
2And resistance R1、R
2The time constant regulating circuit [11], [12] tachogenerator [13] and the cumulative weight counter [14] that form.
When ionisation chamber is subjected to radiation exposure, produce ionization current i, flow through high resistant RH, the output voltage V of electrometer operational amplifier 31＝iR
H。
Belt load is 0 o'clock, electrometer [3] output voltage V0, when belt load is P, the output voltage of electrometer [3]
V
1＝V
0e
-kp
The multiplication factor of sign-changing amplifier [4] is-1, adds V at positive input terminal0/ 2 bias voltage.
Behind amplifier [3], [4], the output voltage of reverser [4]
V
2＝V
0（1-e
-kp） （6）
Making alive V on the resistance in RC loop [5]0, meter pulse frontier electron switch k disconnects, and simultaneously the meter pulse square wave is added to and door [7], open and door [7], clock pulses by with door [7], counter [8] begins to count. After electronic switch k disconnected, the voltage index on the capacitor C rose
Vc＝V
0（1-e
-T/RC） （7）
T is the time, unit: second
Voltage Vc on capacitor C equals V2The time, voltage comparator [6] upset is closed and door [7], stops counting, and gives the display demonstration counting.
At this moment (6), (7) two formulas equate
KP=(T)/(RC) (8) then
T=(n)/(f) wherein
N is the umber of pulse of counter records, and f is clock frequency, and substitution (8) formula gets
(P)/(n) ＝ 1/(KRCf) （9）
(9) P/n represents the load of each pulse representative in the formula, so after we have determined sensitivity and clock frequency f, obtains the RC value of requirement. Select circuit parameter according to formula (9), the circuit of Fig. 2 form just can be used as B(KP)=1 load measurement circuit.
Voltage comparator and continuous resistance R in the accompanying drawing 11、R
2And electronic switch ke1、ke
2The time constant regulating circuit [11] [12] that forms is used for changing time constant. Just change RC value in the formula (9).
Buildup factor B(KP must be considered in energy γ source during controlled nucleon operated belt conveyor scale used), otherwise will provide bigger error. Curve 2 in the accompanying drawing 2 is buildup factors greater than 1 o'clock absorption curve.
We can come matched curve 2 with several sections broken lines this situation, as the curve among Fig. 23.At first we select the K of an equivalence according to a line segment
1Obtain resistance R, when capacitor C is charged to Vc=U
* 1The time, voltage comparator [11] upset, electronic switch ke
1Connect, with R
1Be connected in parallel on the R (R
1With the parallel resistance value of R slope, just Deng Xiao K by the b line segment
2Decision.) speed of capacitor C charging this moment will accelerate.The same Vc=U that works as
* 2The time, voltage comparator [12] upset, electronic switch ke
2Connect, with R
2Be parallel to R
1Go up (R with R
1, R
2With the parallel connection value of R by C line segment slope, just Deng Xiao K
3Decision.) this moment capacitor C will charge at faster speed.
The broken line number is by the error decision of measurement range and requirement.The resistance of parallel resistance is by the slope decision of broken line, and the position of break is by the shape and the error requirements decision of absorption curve.
Like this, with several sections segmented fittings the absorption curve of build-up effect arranged.
Time clock is given load counter [8] and cumulative weight counter [14] simultaneously, and just load counter conversion each time preceding clear 0 once obtains load.The each conversion of cumulative weight counter is unclear 0, obtains total mark weight.
Send MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING the transformation results of the transducer among the present invention, also have many good qualities: 1. the linear A/D transducer of same figure place is cheap one to several times.
2. transformation results has been carried out the logarithm ratio computing, and microcomputer does not need to carry out logarithm operation again, has reduced the time of computer processing data widely.This point is very important to single card microcomputer and single-chip microcomputer.
3. reduced the capacity of internal memory.
Embodiment: by the QW200 type controlled nucleon operated belt conveyor scale of Tsing-Hua University's nuclear energy technology Research Institute production, adopting photoelectrical coupler to connect diameter is the friction wheel of 6.36cm, friction wheel rotates a circle and is 20cm, provide 2 photoimpacts, m pulse generator is 10 carry counting system devices, i.e. belt operation produces a light pulse for 1 meter.
Cs with 100mc
137The γ source, K=7.3 * 10
-3Rice/kilogram, each word P/n represents 0.1 kilogram/meter, and clock frequency is that 500KHz selects R=10K Ω, capacitor C=0.27 μ f.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of measuring method of nucleon belt load is:
The ray that is sent by radiographic source [1] passes tested material, and a part is by absorbed, and residual ray is detected device [2] and receives, and produces the current signal I relevant with belt load
1=Ioe
-kp, wherein Io is the output current (A) of belt load detector when being o, and K is the absorption coefficient (m/kg) of material, and P is belt load (kg/m):
Convert voltage signal V to by prime amplifier [3]
1=V
0e
-kpV
0The output voltage signal of prime amplifier when being o for load;
The A/D conversion of amplifying by computing and having an indicial response is directly converted to load digital signal P=1/ (K) In (V
o)/(V
2);
It is characterized in that the computing of said simulating signal and the method for Index A/D conversion are:
A) be-1 by enlargement factor, positive input terminal adds the operational amplifier [4] of Vo/2 bias voltage with voltage signal V
1=V
0e
-kpBe transformed into V
2=V
0(1-e
-kp); Equally also can be by prime amplifier at positive input terminal biasing V
0, detector adds positive high voltage, obtains V
1=V
0(1-e
-kp);
B) voltage signal V
2Be input to the positive input terminal of voltage comparator [6], negative input end connection-RC the loop of voltage comparator, the capacitor C in RC loop and electronic switch k ground connection in parallel, voltage Vo charges to capacitor C by resistance R, and the voltage Vc of capacitor C is input to the negative input end of voltage comparator [6];
Voltage Vc=V on the electric capacity
0(1-e
-T/RC), wherein T is the duration of charging (second) of capacitor C,
C) at T=0 closed electronic switch is disconnected, capacitor C begins charging, the voltage on electric capacity
Vc=V
0(1-e
-T/RC)-Vc (1-e
-kp) time, promptly during T/RC=KP, voltage comparator [6] upset;
Open counting and door [7] when d) disconnecting electronic switch k, the pulse of counter [8] opening entry clock generator [9] is closed and door [7] during voltage comparator [6] upset, and counter [8] stops counting, and this counting n has just represented belt load:
E) resistance R, capacitor C, clock frequency f are according to formula
(P)/(n)=1/ (KRCf) selects,
P/n represents the load value of each pulse representative, and is selected by the sensitivity of load, and K is by ray energy and material decision;
F) revising the ray that sees through tested material is in parallel by electronic switch ke on RC resistance in circuit R with the method that index law departs from
1, ke
2The resistance R of control break-make
1, R
2, electronic switch is by voltage comparator [11], [12] control, and the voltage Vc on electric capacity reaches predetermined voltage U
* 1The time, voltage comparator [11] upset makes electronic switch ke
1Admittance, resistance R
1Be parallel on the R, same, as voltage Vc=U
* 2The time, resistance R
2Be parallel to R and R
1On, in the process of capacitor C charging, changing several time constants like this, charging curve becomes several sections broken lines, and Here it is with the method for segmented fitting material to the radiation absorption curve.
2, a kind of controlled nucleon operated belt conveyor scale, by radiographic source [1], detector [2], prime amplifier [3] and secondary instrument constitute, and its characteristics are that said secondary instrument adopts load A/D translation circuit and time constant regulating circuit to measure belt load:
A) load A/D translation circuit is that enlargement factor is-1, positive input terminal adds the operational amplifier [4] of Vo/2 bias voltage, the output signal of amplifier [4] is connected to the positive input terminal of voltage comparator [6], the negative input end of voltage comparator [6] connects by resistance R, the RC loop [5] that capacitor C and electronic switch k form;
The meter pulse square wave disconnects electronic switch k, makes the capacitor C charging, opens and door [7] after oppositely, is closed by voltage comparator [6] upset with door [7];
Counter [8] record by with the time clock of door [7], this umber of pulse is exactly a load value.
B) the time constant regulating circuit is electronic switch ke in parallel on RC resistance in circuit R
1, ke
2The resistance R of control break-make
1, R
2, electronic switch ke
1, ke
2Be connected respectively to the output terminal of voltage comparator [11], [12], the negative input end of voltage comparator [11], [12] is connected to capacitor C, input voltage Vc, and the positive input terminal of voltage comparator [11], [12] meets predetermined voltage U respectively
* 1, U
* 2
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88102732 CN1011912B (en) | 1988-05-13 | 1988-05-13 | Weighing method and instrument with radioactive source |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88102732 CN1011912B (en) | 1988-05-13 | 1988-05-13 | Weighing method and instrument with radioactive source |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87104380 Division | 1988-05-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1037587A true CN1037587A (en) | 1989-11-29 |
| CN1011912B CN1011912B (en) | 1991-03-06 |
Family
ID=4832277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88102732 Expired CN1011912B (en) | 1988-05-13 | 1988-05-13 | Weighing method and instrument with radioactive source |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1011912B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102768063A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-11-07 | 丹东奥龙射线仪器有限公司 | X-ray weighing device |
| CN103235330A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-08-07 | 贝谷科技股份有限公司 | Radioactivity detection device for small-sized iron and steel plant |
| CN108051069A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-05-18 | 北京工业职业技术学院 | The calibration method of X-ray uclear scale and X-ray uclear scale |
-
1988
- 1988-05-13 CN CN 88102732 patent/CN1011912B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102768063A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-11-07 | 丹东奥龙射线仪器有限公司 | X-ray weighing device |
| CN103235330A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-08-07 | 贝谷科技股份有限公司 | Radioactivity detection device for small-sized iron and steel plant |
| CN108051069A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-05-18 | 北京工业职业技术学院 | The calibration method of X-ray uclear scale and X-ray uclear scale |
| CN108051069B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2023-11-21 | 北京工业职业技术学院 | Calibration method of X-ray nucleon balance and X-ray nucleon balance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1011912B (en) | 1991-03-06 |
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