CN1073767A - Dynamic nuclear soil matrix density, water content measuring instrument - Google Patents
Dynamic nuclear soil matrix density, water content measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN1073767A CN1073767A CN 91106889 CN91106889A CN1073767A CN 1073767 A CN1073767 A CN 1073767A CN 91106889 CN91106889 CN 91106889 CN 91106889 A CN91106889 A CN 91106889A CN 1073767 A CN1073767 A CN 1073767A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of dynamic nuclear soil matrix density, water content measuring instrument.Be used for the measurement of civil engineering soil matrix compactness, water cut.It is a kind of non-destructive continuous coverage instrument.It mainly by surveying cylinder (A), main frame (D), thermal detector (E) power supply formations such as (F), has airborne and two kinds of versions of handle cart type, and just walking is different with connected mode for two kinds of forms, and other member is identical.The present invention adopts the diffusing formula structure of the two spy device back ofs the body of double source, utilize gamma-ray measurement density, neutron ray is measured moisture, adopt the control survey of microcomputer set a distance, both can do dynamic continuous coverage, also can do the single-point static measurement, can meet the tester to measurement result and require to show that currency maybe will measure the total data and the correspondence graph in highway section and print.
Description
A kind of dynamic nuclear soil matrix density water content measuring instrument that relates to is used for the measurement of civil engineering soil matrix compactness water cut, belongs to physical measuring instrument.
The invention discloses a kind of dynamic nuclear soil matrix density water content measuring instrument, can be used for the dynamic type continuous coverage of civil engineering, also can do static measurement the soil matrix compactness water cut.
In civil engineering, the packing of soil matrix is the parameter of necessity of supervision construction quality, and the Detection ﹠ Controling of packing are the leading indicators of guaranteeing the civil engineering quality, and packing is decided by wet density and water cut.In the operation process of civil engineering reality, need to understand the packing of soil matrix continuously and controlled, guarantee construction quality with this, must solve the accurate fast detecting problem of wet density and water cut, so that instruct site operation in time for this reason.
In the prior art, American and Britain, method, day, Soviet Union and China are in early sixties research and utilization gamma-ray measurement soil packing in succession just, and neutron ray is measured soil group moisture content.With U.S. Troxler electronic leaning laboratory, Seamans nucleon company is representative, throws in up to ten thousand static type soil matrix density water content measuring instruments to the international market, successfully solved soil matrix density and and the rapid and accurate determination of water cut, and proved for putting into practice.Early eighties at home, units such as Hunan Province's traffic scientific research institution, Beijing Nuclear Instrument Factory also have more than 200 to put goods on the market with quasi-instrument.But this static type nucleon packing water content measuring instrument can only detect the soil matrix after the compacting, is the check of a kind of result's check property, and can't satisfy works continuously repeatedly rolls land-based construction needs, the requirement of more difficult timely control soil matrix compactness.For this reason, U.S. Seamans nucleon company and Troxler electronic leaning laboratory are in the eighties dynamic nuclear densitometer that releases one after another mid-term, wherein 4545 types of Troxler company development are dynamic type non-contact type nucleon instrument, and the DOR-1000 type of Seamans nucleon company is a dynamic type contact-type nuclear density gauge.The principal character of its structure is in a column type bored roll radioactive source to be installed, though can be used for continuous detecting, but still have two shortcomings.
1,, therefore at the scene in the operation, can't directly provide the information of soil compaction rate because this instrument does not possess the measuring ability of water cut.
2, this instrument adopts setting time control survey, can't satisfy in the civil engineering corresponding relation between tested parameter and tested highway section, brings difficulty to the later evaluation of engineering quality and maintenance, the road conditions Disease Analysis of road.
In view of above-mentioned, purpose of the present invention, just be to provide a kind of non-destructive continuous rapid detection apparatus, be used for dynamic and static continuous construction, with the land-based engineering distance is the dynamic nuclear soil density of control survey and band microsystem, device for testing water content, it can be directly to the tester show wet density, water cut with and derive from parameter and correspondence graph.
The present invention is equipped with in the hollow right cylinder cylinder of the rotatable long tubular of axle at one, the double source double detector is installed, utilize caesium 137 γ sources to make radioactive source, with NaI(TL) to add photomultiplier tube be that gamma detector is used for detecting soil density to scintillation crystal, make neutron source with americium 241/ beryllium, be that thermal-neutron scintillator adds photomultiplier and makes neutron detector with the lithium glass, be used for detecting soil moisture content.When cylinder rolled along measured material is surperficial, radioactive source, detector mechanically were fixed in the cylinder, and they remain identical distance with respect to the measured material surface.Its detected object of the present invention has six physical quantitys, i.e. density, and water cut, surface humidity, measuring distance fathoms and Measuring Time.
The surface temperature of tested soil is to realize by the infrared telemetry method.
The measurement of distance is by magnetoelectric tachometric transducer, pinion wheel, ring gear and pinion, and the rotating shaft of pinion wheel and magnetoelectric tachometric transducer is affixed, and makes the teeth groove of gear and sensor side face neat.When surveying rollers roll, the magnetic gap between teeth groove and sensor end face promptly changes and causes the magnetic flux in the speed probe coil to change, and produces a pulse.When design, adjusted, survey every rolling one unit length of circumference of cylinder, must guarantee to have the end face of a teeth groove through sensor, thereby the distance that moves a unit length on the roll circumference is just represented in this pulse, and this pulse sent into the electric measuring system accumulated counts, with this detection control signal as dynamic type packing water cut.
The degree of depth is selected, and utilizes that tooth bar is paid, γ source lifting handle, fathoms and select the collimating aperture of differing heights on handle and the lead pad piece, selects on request to fathom.
The detection of time is the high stability time-base signal that is produced by the clock quartz oscillator, utilizes frequency division and obtains.
The present invention is provided with four sense channels, i.e. the density passage of being made up of γ source, gamma detector, amplifier, discriminator, anticoincidence, f/V converter in the circuit system design; The passage of water of forming by americium beryllium neutro ource, neutron detector; Thermometric passage of forming by optical system, optical chopper, photochromics, amplifier, synchronizer, demoder, amplifier and the range finding passage of forming by pinion wheel, speed probe, limiter, amplifier, reshaper.For overcoming environment temperature, guarantee instrument accurately operation and the density that is provided with and " self-adaptation peak tracking regulator " circuit of moisture to the electronics unit in instrument member and the circuit, " power spectrum drift " that device produced.Microcomputer and auxiliary equipment system are set in addition, under above-mentioned passage and system all place computer supervision and control.Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail, the special card of detection principle of the present invention and structure is described in detail.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a machine-carried type structure collectivity synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for surveying roller frame figure;
Fig. 3 is the γ source and the governor motion figure that fathoms;
Fig. 4 is the range finder composition;
Fig. 5 is a cart type structure collectivity synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is street roller and detection cylinder link connection layout;
Fig. 7 is " self-adaptation peak tracking regulator " of the present invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is a system principle diagram of the present invention.
The present invention is a physical measuring instrument, is mainly measured car, street roller link, microcomputer and backup system etc. and is constituted by main frame, detection cylinder, calibrated bolck, calibrated bolck support, mains charger, hand push.As can be known, the electrical measurement process of any one non-electric physical quantity all will adopt corresponding senser element and method, at first converts this physical quantity to voltage or electric current, just can enter electric measuring system analysis then in its former reason physics.The related non electrical quantity of this instrument is a density, water cut, and measuring distance, surface temperature, now describes its architectural feature in detail at totally 6 kinds of MTD and times.
1. architectural feature of the present invention and detection principle
The explanation of 1-1 architectural feature
The present invention has machine-carried type and two kinds of versions of cart type, and the facility that the key distinction of two kinds of versions is to survey cylinder and traction walking are different connecting mode, and all the other structures are identical and compatible with performance.Fig. 1 is a machine-carried type structure collectivity synoptic diagram of the present invention, and it is made up of detection cylinder [A], link [B], street roller [C], main frame [D], thermal detector [E], power supply [F].Survey cylinder [A] and be connected with street roller [C] by link [B], detection cylinder [A] is positioned at street roller [C] front end below and contacts with the measured material surface.Main frame [D], thermal detector [E] and power supply, charger [F] are installed in the pilothouse of street roller [C].
Fig. 5 is a cart type structure collectivity synoptic diagram of the present invention, mainly is made up of detection cylinder [A], last parallelogram rod member [25A], following parallelogram rod member [25B] semilune web joint [25C], square connecting plate [25D], universal wheel [21], power supply, charger [F], infrared temperature measurement device [E], main frame [D], push rod [23], calibrated bolck support [20], calibrated bolck [22], stop pin [24].Parallelogram rod member [25A], [25B], semilune web joint [25C] and square connecting plate [25D] are connected to each other and constitute vehicle frame [25] up and down, and will survey cylinder [A] and universal wheel [21] connects and composes an integral body, and have walking, turn to and measuring ability.Push rod [23] is hinged on below, the push rod [23] of web joint [25D] and can regulates to adapt to the requirement of operator's height apart from floor level, regulates the back and fixes with stop pin [24].Survey the front lower place that cylinder [A] places go-cart [G], become the angle sheave and the signal detector of trolley, universal wheel [21] then is a deflecting roller.Power supply, charger [F] are contained in the top that universal wheel [21] were gone up and be positioned to vehicle frame [25].Infrared temperature measurement device [E], main frame [D] are contained on the push rod [23].Calibrated bolck [22] is the very steady normative reference part of test site density and water cut, its shape can be circle also can be square, decide on the groove shapes of calibrated bolck support [20], calibrated bolck support [20] is a wedge, upper surface has groove, so that place calibrated bolck [22], for the on-the-spot background standard counting of instrument, guarantee the accuracy of apparatus measures, when new scene and highway section need, cylinder [A] can be placed on the calibrated bolck [22], carry out background standard counting, and make standard with this, use relative measurement method, the scene is detected.
Fig. 2 is for surveying the structural drawing of cylinder [A], and the diffusing formula structure of the dual-source dual-probe back of the body is adopted in the detection of density and water cut.Radioactive source is done the γ source with caesium [Cs] 137, americium 241/ beryllium is made neutron source, gamma detector is that sodium iodide [NaI(TL)] scintillator adds photomultiplier, neutron detector adds the photomultiplier scintillator for the lithium glass scintillator and photomultiplier all is loaded in the detector, γ source and gamma detector centre distance are 180mm-220mm, and neutron source and detector centre distance are 60mm.Radioactive source and detector all are loaded on to be surveyed in the cylinder [A], and it is a long tubular hollow cylinder, and concrete structure as shown in Figure 2.Mainly pay [10], lead pad piece [11], barrel [12], roller end cover [12A], [12B], γ source lifting handle [13], fathom and select that handle [14] is formed, axle [1] is a hollow major axis by axle [1], bearing [2], range finding mechanism [3], speed probe [4], pre-amplification circuit plate [5], gamma detector [6], neutron detector [7], neutron source [8], γ source [9], the source tooth bar of carrying, also be the support of cylinder inner member, axle [1] is supported by the bearing [2] on roller end cover [12A], [12B].Bearing [2] is installed in the corresponding dead eye of end cap.Barrel [12] is connected with screw with two end cap [12A], [12B].Barrel [12] is made by metal material, and it rolls along the rotation of measured material surface, barrel [12] outside surface and the measured material parallel contact in surface.γ source [9] is housed on axle [1], the source tooth bar of carrying is paid [10], lead pad piece [11], γ source lifting handle [13], fathom and select ring gear [18] (consulting Fig. 4) in handle [14], the range finding mechanism [3] to be connected and follow its motion with end cap [12A].The engagement of ring gear [18] and pinion wheel [19], pinion wheel [19] is sleeved in the rotating shaft of speed probe [4], when surveying cylinder [A] and roll, by ring gear [18], pinion wheel [19] thus the engaged transmission rotating shaft that drives speed probe [4] rotate.Speed probe [4] is a magneto-electric.When design, just determine to make the teeth groove of pinion wheel [19] to align with the end face of sensor.When surveying cylinder [A] rolling, magnetic gap between teeth groove and sensor [4] end face promptly changes, cause the magnetic flux in sensor [4] coil to change, induction produces an electric impulse signal, and makes density, water cut etc. with this signal and need survey the parameter control signal.
Fig. 3 is the γ source and the governor motion figure that fathoms, and this mechanism promotes the γ source to fall collimating aperture or the blind hole of putting into different depth, detects different depth soil matrix parameter and safe storage to satisfy, and reduces radiological dose.Mainly pay [10] by axle [1], lifting rack.Lifting rack is paid [10] and is comprised tooth bar [10A], gear [10B], spring [10C] and steel bushing [10D].γ source [9], bell housing [16], lifting handle [13], Handle axis [17], fathom select handle [14], lead pad piece [11], depth measurement collimating aperture [15A], survey shallow collimating aperture [15B], safe blind hole [15C] constitutes.Tooth bar [10A] is sleeved on the Handle axis [17] with gear [10B] engagement, gear [10B], and Handle axis [17] links to each other with lifting handle [13], and the bottom of tooth bar [10A] is passed axle [1] and linked to each other with steel bushing [10D].γ source [9] is loaded in the steel bushing [10D], and spring [10C] is set on the tooth bar [10A], the usefulness that supplies return to compress.Bell housing [16] is plumbous cover, is fixed on the axle [1], puts and has the through hole that moves up and down for γ source [9], just is stored in the bell housing [16] during the inoperative of γ source [9].Lead pad piece [11] is the annular segmental arc, is hinged on the axle [1] to swing around axle.Have depth measurement on it, survey shallow two collimating apertures [15A], [15B] and a safe blind hole [15C], the center line in three holes is all in same xsect.Lead pad piece [11] links to each other with the selection handle [14] that fathoms, and moves handle [14] and can make lead pad piece [11] swing.Make γ source [9] stretch into required Kong Weizhong, carry out shallow survey or dark the survey, and when not working, then γ source [9] are placed in the safe blind hole, to reduce radiological dose.
In surveying cylinder [A], the γ source shown in Fig. 3,4 is saved outside the moving link of narrating in mechanism and the range finding mechanism with the key that fathoms.Other member in the cylinder [A] all mechanically is fixed on the axle [1].No matter whether cylinder [A] moves these members, between member and the cylinder [A], between member and member and cylinder [A] whole with the measured material surface between, the geometric position maintenance between their threes is constant, this is one of key character of the present invention.Surveying cylinder [A] is connected and communication with main frame [D] with interface by lead.
Fig. 6 is street roller and detection cylinder link connection layout, and link [B] comprises two parts, and one is hoisting drum [A], and two is to be connected with street roller [C] elasticity.Mainly form lift portion by mounting [32], lifting handle [26], lifter [27], elevator chain [28], chain hook [29], above-mentioned member all is connected on the stand [32].And stand [32] is connected with the front end top of street roller [C] by screw, and elevator chain [28] one ends hang on the chain hook [29], and the other end links to each other with detection cylinder [A].Elastic joint part divides by parallelogram linkage [30], connects hinge [30a, 30b, 30c, 30d] and elasticity tie point [30e], and a damping spring [30f] and a seat board [31] are formed.The axle [1] of one end of four-bar mechanism [30] and detection cylinder [A] is hinged, and the supporting-point of the other end and a seat board [31] is hinged, and a seat board [31] is connected with the below of elastic contact [30e] with street roller [C] by spring [30f].Because these design features, make and survey cylinder [A] and have rolling, swing and move up and down three degree of freedom, make it the function that adapts to measured material surface trim, heel and disengage the measured material surface.
Fig. 7 is " self-adaptation peak tracking regulator " schematic diagram, promptly in the left and right sides of power spectrum peak position, a narrower and equal differentiation channel [33] and [34] and an adjuster circuit plate [35] respectively are set, make it to supervise at any time the direction and the size of comparison " power spectrum drift ", and the equal position, new road of differentiation channel width is set to adapt to its variation, guarantee the accuracy of apparatus measures, its principle of work is seen below and is chatted.
Fig. 8 is a system principle diagram of the present invention, and four sense channels are set in the drawings, two " self-adaptation peak tracking regulator " passages and computing machine and auxiliary equipment system circuit.
A, density passage, it is by caesium (137As) γ source [9], NaI(TL) scintillation crystal [37], photomultiplier [38], amplifier [39], discriminator [40A
1-40A
4], anticoincidence [41A
1-41A
3], f/v converter [42A
1-42A
2] form.
B, moisture content passage; It is by americium/beryllium (241Am-Be) neutron source [8], Li glass scintillator [50], photomultiplier [51], amplifier [52], discriminator [53B
1-53B
4], anticoincidence [54B
1-54B
3], f/V converter [55B
1-55B
2] form.
C, range finding passage; It is made up of tooth inner ring [18] (referring to Fig. 4), pinion wheel [19], speed probe [4], limiter [56], amplifier [57], reshaper [58], and the distance that cylinder [A] is rolled becomes electric impulse signal.
D, thermometric passage; It is by optical system [62], optical chopper [63], photochromics LiTaO
3[64], amplifier [65], detuner [66], the synchronizer [68] that connects optical chopper [63] and detuner [66], amplifier [67] are formed.
E, density and moisture " self-adaptation peak position regulator " passage; It is by program control threshold values setting apparatus [47], multi-channel sampling switch [43], A/D converter [44], microsystem [45], discriminator [40A
1-40A
4], [53B
1-53B
4], anticoincidence [41A
1-41A
2], [54B
1-54B
3], f/V converter [42A
1-42A
2], [55B
1-55B
2] form.
F, time circuit; High frequency quartz (controlled) oscillator clock [74], frequency divider [73] makeup time circuit.
G, state exchange and calibration switch; It is by Density Detection state switch (SK
1-a) [72], water content detection state switch (SK
1-b) [69], density calibration switch (SK
2) [71], moisture calibration switch (SK
3) [70] form, that the present invention has is dynamic and static, standard counting and four kinds of duties of verification, all is by state switch SK
1-a[72], SK
1-b[69] realize.Reliable for what guarantee to detect, get rid of the failure factor of instrument own, be provided with density and water cut calibration source, instrument provides various accurate reference signals, by density calibration switch (SK
2) [71], moisture calibration switch (SK
3) [70] carry out the demarcation of instrument.
H, power supply; The present invention makes power supply by cadmium nickel formula accumulator, and accumulator, charger are placed in the battery case, and power supply, charger [F] be for floating, with power supply on the street roller [C] not altogether, the high-voltage power supply in the instrument [48] realizes by inverter.The 600-1000 volt high pressure that detector [6] and [7] need can be for work 3 days by high-voltage power supply [48] supply, instrument charging 1 time.
J, microcomputer and auxiliary equipment system; It is by microcomputer [45], and display [46], keyboard [59], sound equipment are road [61], loudspeaker [36], printer [60] detected state switch (SK
1-c) [78], thermometric switch (SJ
4-b) [77], the selector switch that fathoms (SK
5) [76], test item (density or moisture) selector switch (SK
4) [75] composition.The signal of all inputs of instrument all places under the supervision and control of microcomputer [45], by keyboard [59] input instruction, realizes man-machine conversation.Display [46] then shows desired parameters and figure according to examination survey personnel's command request, and printer [60] is printed the total data and the corresponding chart in the highway section of surveying on request.To be road [61] with loudspeaker [36] finish with test process in test process sound equipment notes to remind the tester sending different sound equipments.
1-2 detects principle summary
The measurement of density; When measuring soil matrix density, utilize caesium (Cs) 137 to do the γ source, the gamma-rays that γ source [9] give off enters measured material.Carry out elastic collision according to the peripheral electron of Compton effect, gamma-rays and material atom scattering takes place, the energy of after the scattering reduces, and direction changes.In general, the density of material is big more, and the probability of Compton scattering is also big more.According to the nuclear scattering theory, accurately reasonably select distance between γ source [9] and the detector [6], just can make instrument in the range ability of required design.Follow the standard absorption formula of radioactive radiation and matter interaction, then have:
I＝I
oe
-μm·ρ·R……（1）
In the formula: μ m ... the material mass absorption coefficient
R ... radioactive source is to the distance between the detector
ρ ... the density of measured material
I
oIntensity before gamma-rays looses
I ... intensity after gamma-rays looses
Because main chemical elements μ m value contained in the great majority building is all very approaching, and I
oWith R be again the parameter that artificially can select, therefore can utilize formula [1] to carry out Density Detection.According to experiment, the optimum value of distance is of a size of 180mm-220mm between γ of the present invention source [9] and the gamma detector [6].
Water cut detects principle
The present invention is to adopt to the detection of water cut
241Am-Be makes neutron source, and the rapid neutron that neutron source [8] produces is injected in the tested soil, bumps with hydrogen atom in institute's water content in the soil, and collision back neutron loses portion of energy and become thermal neutron by slowing down, and the thermal neutron of slowing down is detected device [7] and receives.If water cut is big more in the measured material, then institute's hydrogen atoms is just many more.In the unit interval, transformed to pine for subnumber also many more, correspondingly the thermal neutron number received of detector is just many more; Otherwise then few, its rule is followed following formula:
N＝A·Mx+B……（2）
In the formula: N-is the thermal neutron number that detector received in the unit interval;
Water cut in the Mx-measured material;
AB-is a constant, when instrumental calibration, utilizes binary linearity to return
The method of returning is obtained;
The conversion of ray-electric signal
Gamma-rays and fast neutron that radioactive source produces, behind measured material, γ particle and thermal neutron that scattering is come are non-electric physical quantity, must convert electric weight to could be received by instrument system.The present invention is the conversion that realizes ray-electric signal by gamma detector [6], neutron detector [7].Two kinds of detectors all add reception-converter that photomultiplier is formed by scintillator, be that scintillator will be examined γ particle in the ray or thermal neutron and receive and convert light pulse signal linearly to, pass to then photomultiplier with light pulse again linearly conversion zoom into electric impulse signal.Thereafter again by after amplification, examination, the shaping, the input microcomputer carries out quantitative test.
The detection of measured material surface temperature
The temperature in measured material place be a principal element that influences detection system " power spectrum drift ", so the present invention is provided with the temperature detection project.By physics as can be known, infrared ray is a kind of ubiquitous electromagnetic wave, and in the ordinary course of things, any object all can be launched infrared ray.According to the heat radiation theory, the radiant-energy spectrum of any object is relevant with the absolute temperature of this object and wavelength.If with in the W representation unit time, the infrared radiation gross energy of object when absolute temperature T on the unit area then has:
W＝δ·ε∫
∞ Of（λ·T）dλ＝σ·εT
4……（3）
In the formula: the absolute temperature of T-object;
The emissivity of ε-object surfaces;
σ-be this fence-boltzmann constant of making a mistake, its value is 5.6697 * 10
-12Watt, centimetre
2, the degree
-4
The following formula explanation, the object surfaces temperature is high more, and the energy of surperficial institute radiation is just big more.Infrared temperature measurement device receives a part of infrared ray of testee surface institute radiation according to this principle, focuses on photosensitive transition material LiTaO by optical system
3On (lithium tantalate), make it to become electric signal, amplify, import microcomputer then and test.
The distance detecting principle
State in front, one of main feature of the present invention, the electric impulse signal that the mechanism [3] that finds range is exactly sent is as the control signal of other detected parameters, and the displacement that the structural principle of the mechanism that therefore finds range will be surveyed cylinder [A] exactly converts electric weight to.The concrete structure of range finding mechanism [3] as shown in Figure 4.It is by surveying cylinder [A], gear ring [18] and pinion wheel [19] engagement, pinion wheel [19] is sleeved in the rotating shaft of speed probe [4], when structural design, just determine, sensor [4] end face and pinion wheel [19] radial parallel, and guarantee the moving unit distance of cylinder [A] revolution, and pinion wheel [19] has a teeth groove to pass through, and the magnetic gap between teeth groove and sensor [4] end face promptly changes, cause the flux change in the middle coil of sensor [4] and produce induction electromotive force, its electromotive force is:
e＝- (dψ)/(dt) ＝-ω (dψ)/(dt) ……（4）
In the formula: e-is an induction electromotive force;
ψ-be the magnetic flux chain;
ω-be coil turn;
φ-be magnetic flux.
This induction electromotive force occurs with the electric pulse form, and it moves as the control signal of other parametric measurement after passing through circuit, Computer Processing.
Degree of depth determination sensor principle
The present invention has designed depth measurement and shallow two states, and its measuring principle is identical with the processing of circuit mode, only needs mechanically γ source [9] and annex change relevant position thereof can be realized.Referring to Fig. 3, in the γ source [9] and the regulator mechanism that fathoms, setting is carried the source tooth bar and is paid [10], the tooth bar tooth bar [10A] and gear [10B] engagement in paying, gear shaft [17] with carry source handle [13] and join, one termination γ source [9], γ source [9] of tooth bar [10A] can move up and down in bell housing [16], lead pad piece [11] is hinged on the axle [1], fathoms to select handle [14] to link to each other with lead pad piece [11], and lead pad piece [11] can be swung around axle [1].When the needs depth measurement, at first γ source [9] are mentioned, make it to leave safe blind hole [15C], handle [14] is placed the depth measurement position, at this moment angle of lead pad piece [11] swing, make depth measurement collimating aperture [15A] aim at γ source [9], rotation is carried source handle [13] γ source [9] is stretched in the collimating aperture [15A], can advance depth measurement and detect.Same operation also can be carried out shallow-layer and detect.Its sensing principle is described identical with the front with signal processing.
The sensing principle of time, it utilizes the time-base signal of clock [70] high stability that quartz oscillator produced, and obtains by frequency divider [71].
" self-adaptation peak tracking regulator " principle
In detector of the present invention, used scintillator and photomultiplier transit tube device, the enlargement factor of photomultiplier and spectral response thereof, factors such as the photon yield of scintillator have determined the output pulse amplitude of detector.These factors then change with ambient temperature, the gain of the linear amplifier in the channel circuit in addition, and the threshold voltage of discriminator and high-voltage power supply etc. also will be with temperature and time generation drifts.These reasons will cause instrument measuring system to produce error.Cause instrument not work when serious.For this reason, in circuit design, be provided with " self-adaptation peak tracking regulator ", error is avoided, guarantee the precision of instrument.Its structure as shown in Figure 7; Promptly, narrower and equal differential road [33] and [34] are set respectively, utilize computing machine to monitor at any time and the counting rate N that compares two shuntings then in the left and right sides of power spectrum peak position
1And N
2Variation, and pass through N
1/ N
2Relatively judge the direction and the size of peak position drift.Referring to Fig. 7, work as N
1/ N
2＞1 o'clock, then power spectrum moved to left, and drift amount and N
1/ N
2Big or small corresponding; Otherwise, if N
1/ N
2＜1 power spectrum moves to right.Computing machine refreshes the content of program control threshold setting device again and sets the position, new road that differential road width equates according to above analysis result.Said process is constantly to follow the tracks of adjusting, thus correctly carrying out of guaranteeing to measure.
2 circuit system general structure principles
The 2-1 system channel
Fig. 8 is a system principle diagram of the present invention
Block diagram of the present invention is provided with four passages.Promptly by caesium 137Cs γ source [9], NaI(TL) crystal [37], photomultiplier [38], amplifier [39], discriminator (40A
1-40A
4), anticoincidence (41A
1-40A
3), f/V converter (42A
1-42A
2) the composition density passage; By americium beryllium (241/Am-Be) neutron source [8], lithium glass [50], photomultiplier [51], amplifier [52], discriminator (53B
1-53B
4), anticoincidence (54B
1-54B
3), f/V converter [55B1-55B
2) composition water cut passage; By ring gear [18], pinion wheel [19], speed probe [4], limiter [56], amplifier [57], reshaper [58] are formed the range finding passage; By optical system [62], optical chopper [63], lithium tantalate (LiTaO
3) photoelectric commutator [64], amplifier [65], detuner [66], amplifier [67] form the thermometric passage.Multi-channel sampling switch [43], A/D converter [44], microsystem [45] and discriminator [40A are set in block diagram simultaneously by program control threshold setting device [47]
1-40A
4), (53B
1-53B
4), anticoincidence (41A
1-41A
3), (54B
1-B
3), f/V converter (42A
1-42A
2), (55B
1-55B
2) " the self-adaptation peak tracking device " of composition density and moisture two passages respectively.
2-2 Circuits System principle
The present invention is provided with dynamic test, static test, and standard counting and four kinds of states of verification are surveyed state switch (SK by density
1-a) [72] and moisture are surveyed status switch (SK
1-b) [69] realize.No matter instrument is under supervision which kind of state all places microcomputer and the control.
When instrument places dynamic and static, mark during three kinds of states, all external sense signals (density, water cut, distance, temperature) all enter instrument internal, and through amplification, examination, shaping, Signal Regulation such as f/V conversion, and then enter computing machine each analog input mouth, external event counter and parallel input port.At this moment, on the one hand, microcomputer is by to the analysis and the judgement of outside density, moisture signal, refresh the content of program control threshold setting device [47] so that new position, road to be set at any time.At this moment, if after microcomputer receives " beginning " order that the tester presses, distance and (or) under the mutual control of time signal, finish signals collecting automatically, full test such as the processing of calculation of parameter, literal graphic form and arrangement process.After this, then can be according to tester's command request, the data that instrument records are weaved into simple and clear form automatically, or " warm density-distance " (" WD-L ") that it is corresponding apart from strictness with the test road surface, " water cut-distance " (" M-L "), " percentage moisture-distance " (" M%-L "), " compacting rate-distance " (" C%-L "), oscillogram prints.In addition, in whole test process, instrument can also provide the currency of test and distance, sequence number, temperature and guided bone, tip of the text information in large quantities to the tester at any time by dot matrix lcd.
Reliable for what guarantee to detect, be not subjected to the influence of the fault of instrument own, the present invention is provided with the calibration source of density and water cut.When instrument was in " correction " state, it passed through calibration switch SK separately
2[71], SK
3[70], provide various accurate reference signals,, get rid of the inaccurate influence of measurement that brings because of the hidden danger of instrument own to rectify an instrument itself.
3, the key technical indexes of this instrument:
(1) measurement range: density 1120～2740kg/m
3
Water cut 0～640kg/m
3
(2) fathom: shallow-layer 70mm
Deep layer 150mm
Water cut (250kg/m
3The time) 150mm
(3) measuring error: density ± 0.03g/cm
3
Water cut ± 0.15g/cm
3
Claims (8)
1, a kind of dynamic nuclear soil matrix density that relates to, water content measuring instrument, be used for civil engineering to the soil matrix compactness water cut, the mensuration of tested distance and measured surface temperature, it is in a long tubular hollow cylinder radioactive source and detector to be installed, it is the continuous rapid detection apparatus of a kind of non-destructive, it is characterized in that the present invention is mainly by main frame, survey cylinder, calibrated bolck, the calibrated bolck bracing frame, infrared temperature measurement device, mains charger, hand push is measured car, the street roller link, microcomputer and backup system constitute, it has two kinds of versions of airborne and artificial promotion walking, both can make dynamically continuous fast detecting, can make static single-point again detects, have, quiet, standard counting and four kinds of duties of verification, main frame [D] and detection cylinder [A] are critical component, adopt the diffusing formula structure of the dual-source dual-probe back of the body, comprise caesium 137Cs γ source [9], sodium iodide NaI (TL) crystal [37], photomultiplier [38] is formed γ source detector [6], americium 241/ beryllium neutron source [8], with lithium glass [50], the neutron detector [7] that photomultiplier [51] is formed, amplifier [39], discriminator [40A
1-40A
4], anticoincidence [41A
1-41A
3], f/V converter [42A
1-42A
2] the composition density passage, amplifier [52], discriminator [53B
1-53B
4] anticoincidence [54B
1-54B
3], f/V converter [55B
1-55B
2] form the passage of water by the ring gear [18] in the range finding mechanism [3], pinion wheel [19], speed probe [4], limiter [56], amplifier [57], reshaper [58] are formed the range finding passage, by optical system [62], optical chopper [63], lithium molybdate [LiTaO
] photoelectric commutator [64], amplifier [65], detuner [66] amplifier [67] is formed the thermometric passage, by microcomputer [45], keyboard [59], LCD [46], multi-channel sampling switch [43], A/D converter [44], acoustics circuit [61], printer [60], detected state switch [78], thermometric switch [77], the selector switch that fathoms [76], test item selector switch [75] is formed microcomputer and auxiliary equipment system, microsystem is installed in the mainframe box, operation, man-machine conversation, performance parameter shows and prints and all finish on main frame, dual-source dual-probe then is installed on to be surveyed in the cylinder [A], surveying cylinder [A] is that tested soil matrix detects information collecting device, its long tubular hollow cylinder of structure system, it is by axle [1], bearing [2], range finding mechanism [3], speed probe [4], pre-amplification circuit plate [5], γ source detector [6], neutron source detector [7], neutron source [8], γ source [9], the source tooth bar of carrying is paid [10], lead pad piece [11], barrel [12], roller end cover [12A], [12B], γ source lifting handle [13], the joystick [14] that fathoms is formed, roller end cover [12A], [12B] is fixed in the two ends of barrel [12], bearing [2] is installed in end cap [12A], in [12B] corresponding dead eye, axle [1] is bearing on the bearing [2], ring gear [18] in range finding mechanism [3] is connected with end cap [12A] and follows its motion, remove range finding mechanism [3] in the barrel [12] relative motion is arranged, γ source [9] hoisting gear and annex thereof can be by detecting requirement, the control survey degree of depth, outside moving up and down and swinging, all the other members all by mechanical connection on axle [1], no matter whether cylinder moves these members, between member and cylinder, between member and member, and between cylinder integral body and measured material surface, distance between them keeps constant, surveying cylinder [A] is connected and communication with main frame [D] with interface by lead, the airborne form of the present invention adopts the mechanical elasticity formula with being connected of street roller, link is by stand [32], lifting handle [26], lifter [27], elevator chain [28], four-bar mechanism [30], hinge [30a, 30b, 30c, 30d], elasticity hinge [30e], damping spring [30f], street roller [C], surveying cylinder [A] forms, survey cylinder [A] by damping spring [30f] and elasticity hinge [30e] and hoisting gear, it is installed in street roller [C] front end below, surveying cylinder [A] contacts with the measured material surface, by flat shape quadrilateral connecting rod mechanism [30], hinge [30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e] and hoisting gear, make the detection cylinder have rolling, swing and move up and down three degree of freedom, simultaneously when non-detection status, detection cylinder and road surface are disengaged, the frame mode of artificial promotion walking of the present invention, all member is installed on the trolley [G], it mainly surveys cylinder [A], universal wheel [21], battery charger [F], infrared thermometry device [E], main frame [D], stroller frame [25] is formed, survey cylinder [A] no matter be airborne or artificial promotion walking, its inner structure is identical, when the artificial way of propelling, it and universal wheel [21] are formed walking, turn to and detect, cylinder [A] is positioned at the front portion of measuring car [G], universal wheel [21] is positioned at the rear portion of trolley, power supply, charging source [F] is installed in the top of universal wheel [21], vehicle frame [25] is by last parallelogram rod member [25A], following parallelogram rod member [25B], semilune web joint [25C], square connecting plate [25D] is formed a vehicle frame [25], and will survey cylinder [A], universal wheel [21] is linked to be an integral body, main frame [D] is loaded on the push rod [23], the present invention is provided with " self-adaptation peak tracking regulator " in circuit design, it is by discriminator [40A
1-40A
4], [53B
1-53B
4] anticoincidence [41A
1-41A
3], [54B
1-54B
3], f/V converter [42A
1-42A
3], [55B
1-55B
2], program control threshold setting device [47], multi-channel sampling switch [43], A/D converter [44], microsystem [45] and corresponding software are formed, and resist because " the power spectrum drift " of temperature variation, external interference factor affecting measuring system.
2, dynamic nuclear soil matrix density water content measuring instrument according to claim 1, the range finding mechanism [3], the pinion wheel [19] that it is characterized in that surveying in the cylinder [A] are fixed on the axle of speed probe [4], the same pinion wheel of annular wheel [18] [19] engagement, annular wheel [18] is connected with end cap [12A] and follows its motion, by means of soft, the hardware supported of microcomputer, realize segmentation set a distance control survey and set up measurement parameter, the chart corresponding relation that requires in the tested distance.
3, dynamic nuclear soil matrix density according to claim 1, water content measuring instrument, the packing that it is characterized in that measured material different depth place, water cut by lifting rack pay [10], bell housing [16], lead pad piece [11], γ source lifting handle [13], the measuring position selects handle [14] to realize, the tooth bar [10A] that tooth bar is paid in [10] links to each other with γ source [9], pass axle [1], the γ source moves up and down in bell housing [16], and lead pad piece [11] can be swung around axle [1].
4, according to claim 1 and the described lead pad piece of claim 3 [11], it is characterized in that lead pad piece [11] is the segmental arc annular, being bearing in axle [1] goes up and can swing around axle, it links to each other with the selection handle [14] that fathoms, lead pad piece [11] is provided with depth measurement, survey shallow two differing heights collimating apertures [15A], [15B] and a safe blind hole [15C], the center line in three holes is in same xsect, lead pad piece [11] and bell housing [16], lifting rack is paid [10] and is fathomed and selects handle [14] cooperation, realizes the measurement of different depth place's material packing and water cut.
5, dynamic nuclear soil matrix density water content measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that main frame [D] is when the machine-carried type frame mode, main frame [D] is installed in the pilothouse, when the trolley structure mode, main frame [D] is loaded on the push rod [23], and push rod [23] is hinged with web joint [25D], and the height of push rod [23] can be regulated, mix up the back with stop pin [24] locking, to adapt to the different height of operator.
6, no matter airborne dynamic nuclear soil matrix density according to claim 1, water content measuring instrument is characterized in that and trolley structure mode, and the power supply of supplying with main frame [D] is to be floated, and power supply, charger [F] combine as a whole, and power supply has regeneration function.
7, dynamic nuclear soil matrix density according to claim 1, water content measuring instrument is characterized in that being provided with " self-adaptation peak tracking regulator " in circuit design, prevent and suppress " power spectrum drift ", guarantee that host performance is stable.
8, dynamic nuclear soil matrix density according to claim 1, water content measuring instrument is characterized in that between γ source [9] and the gamma detector [6] being 180mm-220mm apart from optimum value R.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106889 CN1073767A (en) | 1991-12-25 | 1991-12-25 | Dynamic nuclear soil matrix density, water content measuring instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106889 CN1073767A (en) | 1991-12-25 | 1991-12-25 | Dynamic nuclear soil matrix density, water content measuring instrument |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1073767A true CN1073767A (en) | 1993-06-30 |
Family
ID=4908267
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106889 Pending CN1073767A (en) | 1991-12-25 | 1991-12-25 | Dynamic nuclear soil matrix density, water content measuring instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1073767A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1312470C (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2007-04-25 | 特罗克斯乐电子实验室有限公司 | Low radioactive nucleon density measurer |
| CN101782552A (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2010-07-21 | 航天科工哈尔滨风华有限公司 | Automatic on-line detecting device for welding lines of mast of wind driven generator |
| CN104364445A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2015-02-18 | 俄克拉何马大学董事会 | Method and apparatus for determining stiffness of a roadway |
| CN104903709A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2015-09-09 | 特罗克斯勒电子实验室有限公司 | Conveyor system and measuring device for determining water content of a construction material |
| CN108330793A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-27 | 谢志坚 | A kind of construction machinery from traveling |
-
1991
- 1991-12-25 CN CN 91106889 patent/CN1073767A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1312470C (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2007-04-25 | 特罗克斯乐电子实验室有限公司 | Low radioactive nucleon density measurer |
| CN101782552A (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2010-07-21 | 航天科工哈尔滨风华有限公司 | Automatic on-line detecting device for welding lines of mast of wind driven generator |
| CN104364445A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2015-02-18 | 俄克拉何马大学董事会 | Method and apparatus for determining stiffness of a roadway |
| CN104903709A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2015-09-09 | 特罗克斯勒电子实验室有限公司 | Conveyor system and measuring device for determining water content of a construction material |
| US11280748B2 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2022-03-22 | Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc | Conveyor system and measuring device for determining water content of a construction material |
| US11714053B2 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2023-08-01 | Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. | Conveyor system and measuring device for determining water content of a construction material |
| CN108330793A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-27 | 谢志坚 | A kind of construction machinery from traveling |
| CN108330793B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-06-12 | 南京溧水高新创业投资管理有限公司 | Self-propelled construction machine |
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