CN103756729B - Pulse downdraft type high-temperature fixed bed gasification furnace - Google Patents
Pulse downdraft type high-temperature fixed bed gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN103756729B CN103756729B CN201410055108.0A CN201410055108A CN103756729B CN 103756729 B CN103756729 B CN 103756729B CN 201410055108 A CN201410055108 A CN 201410055108A CN 103756729 B CN103756729 B CN 103756729B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pulse downdraft type high-temperature fixed bed gasification furnace, and belongs to the field of thermal power engineering. Pulse gas inlet channels, high-temperature steam inlet channels and a product gas outlet channel are formed in a gasification furnace body; the high-temperature steam inlet channels are symmetrically formed in the throat part of the gasification furnace body; the pulse gas inlet channels are formed above the high-temperature steam inlet channels; the product gas outlet channel is formed in the lower part of the gasification furnace body. According to the high-temperature fixed bed gasification furnace, high-heat-value solid fuels such as biomass, urban wastes and medical wastes can be gasified, the gasification efficiency, the gasification intensity and the fuel gas quality are high, the wastes can be harmlessly treated, reduced and recycled, the environmental protection effect is remarkable, the economic benefit is huge, and the market prospect is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove, belong to Thermal Power Engineering Field.
Background technology
At present, effective utilization of the solid waste such as biomass, domestic waste and medical waste can alleviate environmental problem and energy problem.Pyrolytic gasification technology is having larger advantage in reclamation of solid wastes process, in high heating value solid waste (comprising domestic waste, medical waste), especially possess resource utilization, minimizing and the advantage such as innoxious simultaneously.The aditus laryngis of down-draft type gasifying furnace extends the gas phase residence time, makes tar in high-temperature zone cracking, and the tar in gas comparision contents of generation is few, and the moisture simultaneously in material participates in reaction, makes H in gas product
2content increases, but in gasification, material fluidity is poor, is easy to that material occurs and builds bridge, make gasification unstable.In general downdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace steam gasification process, heat is provided owing to there is no oxidizing reaction, need to provide external heat source or using steam as thermal barrier, if using steam as thermal barrier, the heat often brought into can not meet gasification institute heat requirement, sometimes need to allocate some oxygen into, to provide heat of reaction.In addition, when adopting fixed-bed gasification furnace, often there is bridging phenomenon in the solid bed of material, needs timing to poke fire operation to the bed of material of inside, causes extra personnel's utilization.The present invention is directed to these shortcomings of traditional downdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace, propose patent pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mobility that can strengthen material in gasification, improve the stability of gasification, reduce tar content, strengthen gasification intensity, H in the gas product made
2content reaches the pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove of 50%.
Technical solution:
The present invention includes vapourizing furnace body of heater, vapourizing furnace body of heater is provided with pulse air induction trunk, high-temperature steam induction trunk and gas product outlet passageway, the aditus laryngis place of vapourizing furnace body of heater is arranged with high-temperature steam induction trunk, be provided with pulse air induction trunk above described high-temperature steam induction trunk, vapourizing furnace lower portion of furnace body is provided with gas product outlet passageway.
Further: pulse air induction trunk is positioned at gasification stove aditus upper part, employing zygomorphy is arranged, the inlet mouth of pulse air induction trunk is positioned on aditus laryngis upper angled face, this scarp and vapourizing furnace body of heater axis are 45 degree of angles, the inlet mouth of pulse air induction trunk and this scarp are 90 degree of right angles, according to the difference of material, pulse air sprays in vapourizing furnace with fixing interval time, and the pulse air carried can be air, oxygen, the high-temperature flue gas of 400 DEG C-1000 DEG C and the high-temperature steam of 600 DEG C-1000 DEG C.
Further: high-temperature steam induction trunk is positioned at gasification stove aditus place, adopt zygomorphy to arrange, the steam inlet of symmetrically arranged high-temperature steam induction trunk and vapourizing furnace body of heater normal direction are that the angle of 15 degree sprays in vapourizing furnace.
Further: vapourizing furnace body of heater is outside is provided with high-temperature steam preparation facilities with aditus laryngis opposite position place, high-temperature steam preparation facilities comprises: heating cavity and spiral tube, heating cavity inwall upper and lower sides is provided with globars, spiral tube is positioned in the middle of heating cavity, spiral tube one end is connected with Low Temperature Steam pipe, and the other end is connected with high-temperature steam induction trunk.
Further: vapourizing furnace body of heater internal diameter is divided into four parts: one is the part connecting feeding device, and its internal diameter is maximum; Two is gullet section, and its internal diameter is minimum; Three is the reaction zones close to throat location, and internal diameter is between above between the two; Four is the bodies of heater close to gas product outlet passageway, and its internal diameter is consistent with the body of heater internal diameter connecting feeding device part.
Further: inboard wall of furnace body adopts high hot steel, and outer wall is refractory brick, and globars is embedded near the place of inboard wall of furnace body in refractory brick.
Further: bottom of furnace body is provided with lifting fire grate, lifting support and fire grate are drawn together in elevator furnace package, and lifting support places fire grate.
The present invention by spraying into pulse air (oxygen in vapourizing furnace, or the high-temperature flue gas of 400 DEG C-1000 DEG C, or air), not only can meet reaction in furnace institute heat requirement, and the bed of material can be met to poke fire requirement, solve Problems existing in fixed-bed gasification furnace gasification.In addition, this vapourizing furnace is to the wide adaptability of raw material, can gasify to solid waste such as biomass, municipal wastes and medical wastes, by passing into high-temperature steam in body of heater throat, achieve that solid waste is innoxious, minimizing and recycling treatment, produce the combustion gas of being rich in hydrogen, reach the object maximizing potential energy of recycling the waste.Technical problem solved by the invention mainly comprises: (1) adopts pulse air to poke fire, and avoids the problem such as system complex, maintenance difficult (as the alr mode that patent CN101198676A adopts) that mechanical poking mode causes; (2) pulse air (oxygen, or the high-temperature flue gas of 400 DEG C-1000 DEG C, or air) and carbon react releasing heat, can realize supplementing of partial heat; (3) burning method bring the emission problem of the hazardous gas such as dioxin, oxynitride; (4) what exist in the treatment process such as solid waste landfill, compost subtracts appearance problem; (5) the tar problem produced in pyrolytic gasification process.
The advantage of this technology mainly contains the following aspects:
(1) pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove adopts the method for high-temperature steam and oxygen (or the high-temperature flue gas of 400 DEG C-1000 DEG C, or air) combined vaporizing, and have reaction process temperature high, tar content is few, and combustion gas quality is high, is rich in the features such as hydrogen.Avoid the shortcoming that the coal-tar middle oil content of low temperature steam gasification process is large, and adopt air as the inferior shortcoming of the gas product produced during vaporized chemical.Meanwhile, reaction partial oxidation reaction can provide the heat needed for gasification reaction, lower than low temperature steam gasification reaction power consumption.
(2) the method applied in the present invention solves the shortcomings such as conventional high-temperature steam preparation process energy consumption is large, heat exchange efficiency is low, vapor temperature is lower, significantly reduces energy consumption.
(3) by introducing body of heater heating system, be convenient to carry out reed time controll to the temperature of reaction zone, gasification is carried out within specified temperatures, and gasification efficiency is high, and gasification intensity is large, and gasification is stablized.
(4) pulse air spray into the bridging phenomenon destroying and produce in vapourizing furnace due to high temperature in solid fuel gasification process, serve stirring action.And high temperature facilitates the decomposition of the long-chain compounds such as the tar of pyrolysis generation, improves gas production rate, reduces tar content.Meanwhile, the oxygen that passes into (or the high-temperature flue gas of 400 DEG C-1000 DEG C, or air) can with pyrolysis aerogenesis and fixed carbon generating portion oxidizing reaction, part of heat energy is provided, maintains in-furnace temperature in higher level, realize the further cracking of tar.
(5) design of lifting fire grate, can regulate overall piling height with gasification, thus controls reaction metering, is convenient to experimental study and production control.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A section of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is B-B section in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, this vapourizing furnace and gasifying process are described further.
Pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, comprises: feeding device 1, butterfly valve 1-1, hopper 1-2, butterfly valve 1-3 from top to bottom; Upper part vapourizing furnace body of heater 2, refractory brick thermal insulation layer 2-1, high hot steel inner bag 2-2, top and the bottom body of heater joint flange 2-3; Lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3, pulse air induction trunk 3-1, high-temperature steam induction trunk 3-2, gas product outlet passageway 3-3, refractory brick thermal insulation layer 3-4; Globars heating unit 4; Temperature monitoring and gas sampling point 5; High-temperature steam preparation facilities 6, globars 6-1, Low Temperature Steam import 6-2, spiral tube 6-3, high-temperature steam outlet 6-4; Lifting fire grate 7, fire grate 7-1, lifting support 7-2; Collection slag device 8.
Upper part vapourizing furnace body of heater 2 of the present invention passes through Flange joint with feeding device 1, upper part vapourizing furnace body of heater 2 is connected by top and the bottom body of heater joint flange 2-3 with lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3, lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3 passes through Flange joint with collection slag device 8, flange above collection slag device 8 places lifting fire grate 7, lifting fire grate 7 comprises fire grate 7-1 and lifting support 7-2, and lifting support 7-2 places fire grate 7-1.
Vapourizing furnace body of heater comprises upper part vapourizing furnace body of heater 2 and lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3, and internal diameter is divided into four parts: one is the upper part vapourizing furnace body of heater 2 connecting feeding device 8, and its internal diameter is maximum; Two is gullet section of lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3, and its internal diameter is minimum; Three is lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3 reaction zones close to throat location, and internal diameter is between above between the two; Four is lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3 bodies of heater close to gas product outlet passageway 3-3, and its internal diameter is consistent with the internal diameter of upper part vapourizing furnace body of heater 2.Described vapourizing furnace inboard wall of furnace body adopts high hot steel inner bag 2-2, outer wall is refractory brick thermal insulation layer 2-1 and 3-4, and globars heating unit 4 is embedded near the place of the high hot steel inner bag 2-2 of vapourizing furnace inboard wall of furnace body in refractory brick thermal insulation layer 2-1 and 3-4, globars heating unit 4 is distributed in pyrolytic gasification reaction zone from top to bottom.
Described vapourizing furnace body of heater is provided with pulse air induction trunk 3-1, high-temperature steam induction trunk 3-2, gas product outlet passageway 3-3, the aditus laryngis place of vapourizing furnace body of heater is arranged with high-temperature steam induction trunk 3-1, high-temperature steam induction trunk 3-2 is positioned at the aditus laryngis place of vapourizing furnace body of heater, employing zygomorphy is arranged, the steam inlet of symmetrically arranged high-temperature steam induction trunk 3-2 and vapourizing furnace body of heater normal direction are that the angle of 15 degree sprays in vapourizing furnace.Pulse air induction trunk 3-1 is provided with above described high-temperature steam induction trunk 3-2, pulse air induction trunk 3-1 is positioned at aditus laryngis upper part of vapourizing furnace body of heater, employing zygomorphy is arranged, pulse air induction trunk 3-1 inlet mouth is positioned on aditus laryngis upper angled face, this scarp and vapourizing furnace body of heater axis are 45 degree of angles, pulse air induction trunk 3-1 inlet mouth and this scarp are 90 degree of right angles, according to the difference of material, pulse air sprays in vapourizing furnace with fixing interval time, and the pulse air carried can be air, oxygen, the high-temperature flue gas of 400 DEG C-1000 DEG C; Vapourizing furnace lower portion of furnace body is provided with gas product outlet passageway 3-3.
Described vapourizing furnace body of heater is outside is provided with high-temperature steam preparation facilities 6 with aditus laryngis opposite position place, high-temperature steam preparation facilities comprises: heating cavity and spiral tube 6-3, heating cavity inwall upper and lower sides is provided with globars 6-1, spiral tube 6-3 is positioned in the middle of heating cavity, spiral tube 6-3 one end is connected with Low Temperature Steam pipe, and the other end is connected with high-temperature steam induction trunk 3-2.
Feeding device 1 of the present invention, is positioned at top of gasification furnace, and as shown in Figure 2, during filler, butterfly valve 1-1 opens, and butterfly valve 1-3 closes, and after hopper 1-2 fills, butterfly valve 1-1 closes, and butterfly valve 1-3 opens, thus realizes reinforced process.So, the requirement of sealed feeding both can be met, again can continuous charging.
Described vapourizing furnace body of heater is made up of upper part vapourizing furnace body of heater 2 and lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3, and as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, both are tightly connected by top and the bottom body of heater joint flange 2-3.After material enters vapourizing furnace by feeding device 1, rely on gravity to move down gradually, fuel bed support is on lifting fire grate 7, and lime-ash is by being drained into bottom vapourizing furnace in collection slag device 8.Vaporized chemical high-temperature steam sprays in vapourizing furnace by the high-temperature steam passage 3-2 of aditus laryngis in the middle part of vapourizing furnace body of heater, and then flow downward, responding layer is followed successively by drying layer, pyrolytic layer, zone of oxidation and reducing zone from top to bottom.Wherein, drying layer and pyrolytic layer are mainly at upper part vapourizing furnace body of heater 2 place, and zone of oxidation and reducing zone are mainly between lower part vapourizing furnace body of heater 3 and fire grate 7-1.
Described high-temperature steam preparation facilities 6 major parts is globars 6-1 and spiral tube 6-3, Low Temperature Steam can be heated to the high temperature of more than 800 DEG C, it realizes technique: after globars 6-1 switches on power, temperature can reach more than 1300 DEG C, by radiation heat transfer and convective heat exchange, spiral tube 6-3 is heated, then Low Temperature Steam accesses spiral tube 6-3 by Low Temperature Steam import 6-2, Low Temperature Steam in spiral tube 6-3 by after radiation heat transfer and convective heat exchange, temperature can reach more than 800 DEG C, high-temperature steam induction trunk 3-2 is entered into finally by high-temperature steam outlet 6-4, then be injected in vapourizing furnace.The Low Temperature Steam being linked into high-temperature steam preparation facilities 6 is generally about 120 DEG C, can be produced obtain, not in scope by common vapour generator.
The gasifying process of described vapourizing furnace, comprises following step:
(1) feed and adjustment lifting fire grate 7: first carry out pre-treatment to solid fuel, be dried to water ratio lower than 15%, being crushed to particle size range is 10-30mm, fill process needs to ensure to carry out in confined conditions.The gasification process of the high heating value solid waste such as biomass, domestic waste and medical waste can be realized due to this vapourizing furnace, therefore according to the difference of process raw material, need the height of corresponding adjustment lifting fire grate 7.Generally, the position for the high-volatile material such as plastics, rubber lifting fire grate 7 can be relatively higher, closer to the aditus laryngis position of vapourizing furnace body of heater; For the material that the fixed carbon content such as biomass are high, lifting fire grate 7 position should the suitable throat location from vapourizing furnace body of heater a little further, to ensure gasification efficiency.
(2) gasification: solid fuel is filled into after in vapourizing furnace, four layers can be divided into from top to bottom, be respectively: drying layer, pyrolytic layer, zone of oxidation and reducing zone, thermopair in the temperature monitoring distributed in vapourizing furnace and gas sampling point 5 can the temperature of each fuel bed of instantaneous transmission, according to straying quatity and the interval time of the change adjustable input speed of temperature, steam flow and pulse air, thus control each fuel bed and maintain a metastable level.Below the reaction process of each layer is described:
1. drying layer: temperature is at 100 DEG C-300 DEG C, and this layer is solid-fuelled drying process mainly, and its heat provides primarily of lower floor's pyrolytic layer thermal conduction and thermal radiation, and solid fuel evaporates the moisture in its body, becomes dry material.
2. pyrolytic layer: temperature is at 500 DEG C-800 DEG C, pyrolytic layer is moved up under along with the consumption of material, because globars heating unit 4 provides heat, this layer of temperature reaches the spilling temperature of volatile matter, solid fuel starts pyrolysis occurs, and dry material is cracked into the materials such as charcoal, volatile matter and tar gradually.
3. zone of oxidation: temperature is at 1000 DEG C-1200 DEG C, along with carrying out further of reaction, the material such as the charcoal that pyrolytic layer produces, volatile matter and tar continues to move down and enters zone of oxidation, and the charcoal generation combustion reactions that the oxygen of this layer mainly in pulse air and pyrolysis zone generate generates CO and CO
2, and release heat.Because the oxygen in pulse air is less, therefore bed is thinner, and pulse air has three effects at this: one is that exothermic heat of reaction can provide partial heat, reduces energy expenditure; Two is that the interruption of pulse air sprays into, and can prevent the bed of material from occurring bridging phenomenon; Three is that the amount of pulse air is less, can not produce considerable influence to the quality of gas product.Principal reaction is:
C+O
2→CO
2
2C+O
2→2CO
4. reducing zone: temperature is at 800 DEG C-1000 DEG C, and in zone of oxidation, unreacted carbon and the material such as volatile matter and tar move up into reduction zone under continuing, and reacts with the high-temperature steam entered from gasification stove aditus the high heat value gas generating and be rich in hydrogen.Mainly in this region there are two classes reactions: one is carbon and water vapour and CO
2gu the gas-reaction occurred; One is gas-solid/liquid/gas reactions that the material such as volatile matter and tar and water vapour occur.High-temperature steam has two effects at this: be first to provide the partial heat needed for reaction; Next is the reintegration to tar, and generating hydrogen, methane and CO etc. can not coagulate small-molecule substance.In addition, the globars heating unit 4 of aditus laryngis bottom also provides partial heat, and by the thermocouple monitoring temperature in temperature monitoring and gas sampling point 5, makes gasification reaction maintain a metastable state.Principal reaction is:
C+H
2O→CO+H
2
C+2H
2O→CO
2+2H
2
C+CO
2→2CO
CO+H
2O→2CO
2+H
2
CO+3H
2→CH
4+H
2O
The above is gasifying process of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any with the technical solution adopted in the present invention and the same or analogous technology of inventive concept or technique, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove, comprises vapourizing furnace body of heater, it is characterized in that, vapourizing furnace body of heater internal diameter is divided into four parts: one is the part connecting feeding device, and its internal diameter is maximum; Two is gullet section, and its internal diameter is minimum; Three is the reaction zones close to throat location, and internal diameter is between above between the two; Four is the bodies of heater close to gas product outlet passageway, and its internal diameter is consistent with the body of heater internal diameter of the part connecting feeding device;
Vapourizing furnace body of heater is provided with pulse air induction trunk, high-temperature steam induction trunk and gas product outlet passageway, the aditus laryngis place of vapourizing furnace body of heater is arranged with high-temperature steam induction trunk, be provided with pulse air induction trunk above described high-temperature steam induction trunk, vapourizing furnace lower portion of furnace body is provided with gas product outlet passageway;
Described pulse air induction trunk is positioned at gasification stove aditus upper part, employing zygomorphy is arranged, the inlet mouth of pulse air induction trunk is positioned on aditus laryngis upper angled face, this scarp and vapourizing furnace body of heater axis are 45 degree of angles, the inlet mouth of pulse air induction trunk and this scarp are 90 degree of right angles, according to the difference of material, pulse air sprays in vapourizing furnace with fixing interval time, and the pulse air carried can be air, oxygen, the high-temperature flue gas of 400 DEG C-1000 DEG C;
High-temperature steam induction trunk is positioned at gasification stove aditus place, adopts zygomorphy to arrange, the steam inlet of symmetrically arranged high-temperature steam induction trunk and vapourizing furnace body of heater normal direction are that the angle of 15 degree sprays in vapourizing furnace.
2. pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, vapourizing furnace body of heater is outside is provided with high-temperature steam preparation facilities with aditus laryngis opposite position place, high-temperature steam preparation facilities comprises heating cavity and spiral tube, heating cavity inwall upper and lower sides is provided with globars, spiral tube is positioned in the middle of heating cavity, and spiral tube one end is connected with Low Temperature Steam pipe, and the other end is connected with high-temperature steam induction trunk.
3. pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove according to claim 1, is characterized in that, inboard wall of furnace body adopts high hot steel, and outer wall is refractory brick, and embeds globars near the place of inboard wall of furnace body in refractory brick.
4. pulse downdraft fixed bed high-temperature gasification stove according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, bottom of furnace body is provided with lifting fire grate, and lifting support and fire grate are drawn together in elevator furnace package, and lifting support places fire grate.
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| CN201410055108.0A CN103756729B (en) | 2014-02-19 | 2014-02-19 | Pulse downdraft type high-temperature fixed bed gasification furnace |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104694168B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-02-01 | 周勇 | Furnace core structure of biomass gasifier |
| CN108410503B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2023-06-27 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Reflux type high-temperature fixed bed gasifier and process method thereof |
| CN108676580B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | 内蒙古科技大学 | High Wen Jiaohu type double-fixed bed gasification furnace and process method thereof |
| CN109679696A (en) * | 2018-12-16 | 2019-04-26 | 陈曙平 | Rubbish distillation gas furnace |
| CN114874813B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-06-13 | 沈阳工程学院 | Power generation system for decoupling gasification of brown gas catalytic biomass |
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| WO2007081296A1 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-07-19 | Gep Yesil Enerji Uretim Teknolojileri Ltd. Sti. | Downdraft/updraft gasifier for syngas production from solid waste |
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| CN101144022A (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2008-03-19 | 上海交通大学 | Three-section type biomass gasifying furnace |
| CN201678647U (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2010-12-22 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Step biomass gasification unit |
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