CN201626942U - Plasma coal gasification equipment - Google Patents
Plasma coal gasification equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN201626942U CN201626942U CN2010201296537U CN201020129653U CN201626942U CN 201626942 U CN201626942 U CN 201626942U CN 2010201296537 U CN2010201296537 U CN 2010201296537U CN 201020129653 U CN201020129653 U CN 201020129653U CN 201626942 U CN201626942 U CN 201626942U
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Abstract
Plasma coal gasification equipment relates to the coal chemical industry and gasification furnace equipment thereof. The gasification furnace consists of a suspension preheating section, a turbulent pyrolysis section, a bubbling gasification section and an air chamber, wherein the bubbling gasification section is provided with a plasma torch and a steam spray gun; the upper part of the suspension preheating section is provided with a fluidized air outlet for leading out; and the suspension preheating section is provided with a pulverized coal spray gun or a water-coal-slurry spray gun for feeding; the upper part of the bubbling gasification section is provided with a synthesis gas outlet for leading out; and the air chamber is provided with a fluidized air inlet for feeding. When the gasification furnace works, steam is heated above 4000 DEG C in the plasma torch to be decomposed to generate H*, O*, H2*, HO*, O2* active chemicals which are directly sprayed on coke at the bubbling gasification section, the active chemicals react with the coke to generate synthesis gas and release heat energy, and soot, gaseous tar, CmHn and CH4 react with the steam to generate the synthesis gas. The gasification furnace is applicable to wide coal types, and reduces coal resource consumption and greenhouse gas emission compared with the conventional coal gasification equipment.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to Coal Chemical Industry equipment, specially refers to the vapourizing furnace equipment of gasification.
Background technology
Rich coal resources in China, extensive hydrogen manufacturing and production methyl alcohol, the unstripped gas of dme all obtains by gasification, conventional Coal Gasification Technology adopts the oxygen steam gasification process, the required heat of gasification reaction is provided by the oxidizing reaction of charcoal, the vaporization rate of this coal gasification method is low, vaporization rate is below 90%, the hydrogen mark is low in the synthetic gas that generates, have only about 30%, make the yielding poorly of target product,, produce 1 ton of methyl alcohol and need consume 1.5 tons of fat coals as the coal system methyl alcohol technology of routine, not only the coal resources of Xiao Haoing are many, and increased the greenhouse gases emission amount of carbon dioxide.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is the shortcoming that will overcome existing Coal Gasification Technology, uses the plasma gasification technology, and coal gasifier equipment reasonable in design realizes reducing consumption of coal resources and GHG (Greenhouse Gases) emissions mitigation.
A kind of fluidized-bed gasifying coal by using plasma equipment of the present utility model, it is characterized in that fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is by suspension preheating section (1-IV), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), bubbling gasification section (1-II) and air compartment (1-I) are formed, suspension preheating section (1-IV), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), bubbling gasification section (1-II) and air compartment (1-I) are in same solid of revolution furnace wall, suspension preheating section (1-IV), present between turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and the bubbling gasification section (1-II), in, following layout and directly communicating, suspension preheating section (1-IV) is at epimere, turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) is in the stage casing, bubbling gasification section (1-II) is at hypomere, below the bubbling gasification section (1-II) air compartment (1-I), between bubbling gasification section (1-II) and the air compartment (1-I) air distribution plate (109) is arranged, blast cap (110) is arranged on the air distribution plate (109), the slag notch of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is arranged on the outer periphery of air distribution plate (109), and slag notch is layout in the form of a ring; Plasma torch and water vapor spray gun are installed on the furnace wall of bubbling gasification section (1-II); On the furnace wall on the top of suspension preheating section (1-IV), there is fluidized wind outlet (103) to pick out, on the furnace wall at 1/2 following position of suspension preheating section (1-IV), pulverized coal gun or coal water slurry spray gun (123) access arranged; On the furnace wall on bubbling gasification section (1-II) top, there is syngas outlet (118) to pick out; On the furnace wall of air compartment (1-I), there is fluidized wind import (108) to insert.The bubbling gasification section (1-II) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) adopts heart-shaped design, plasma torch on bubbling gasification section (1-II) furnace wall is the multilayer layout, every layer of ring-type is provided with many plasma torchs, the spout of plasma torch points to the stove inner axes, the water vapor spray gun is set between the interval of plasma torch, and the water vapor spray gun is more than one at least one.In this equipment, the solid of revolution furnace wall of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is made of fire-resistant furnace wall (120), thermal insulation layer (121) and Steel Sheel (122), wherein between the fire-resistant furnace wall (120) of bubbling gasification section (1-II) and the thermal insulation layer (121) cooling layer (115) is arranged.Adopt the reducing design in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1), the internal diameter of suspension preheating section (1-IV) is 1.5 times of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), the mean inside diameter of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is 1.3 times of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) diameter, and the aspect ratio of suspension preheating section (1-IV), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), bubbling gasification section (1-II) is 1.5: 1.3: 1; The slag notch of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is communicated to air compartment (1-I) by slagging channel (111), below the air compartment (1-I) water seal (107), during the equipment operation, slag falls into water seal by air compartment (1-I), utilize the waste heat heating fluidized wind of slag, the slag falls entry generation water vapor of being honored as a queen, water vapor enters into bubbling gasification section (1-II) with fluidized wind and does the vaporized chemical utilization, can reduce the input of the outer water vapor of stove, save the energy.Peripherals at fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) also has fluidisation blower fan (4), heat exchanger (8), gas-solid separator (6) and waste heat boiler (10), fluidized wind on the furnace wall of suspension preheating section (1-IV) top outlet (103) is connected to sub-air chamber's import (801) of heat exchanger (8) by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5), and the collection chamber of heat exchanger (8) exports (814) are connected to fluidized-bed gasification furnace air compartment (1-I) by pipe connecting (28) fluidized wind import (108); Syngas outlet (118) on the furnace wall of bubbling gasification section (1-II) top is connected to the synthetic gas import (603) of gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29), and the charcoal ash outlet (602) of gas-solid separator (6) is melted down interface (104) by the charcoal ash that pipe connecting (27) and the grey transfer lime of charcoal (22) are connected to fluidized-bed gasification furnace bubbling gasification section (1-II); The syngas outlet (601) of gas-solid separator (6) is connected to the synthetic gas import (802) of heat exchanger (8) by pipe connecting (7), the syngas outlet (805) of heat exchanger (8) is connected to the synthetic gas import (1001) of waste heat boiler (10) by pipe connecting (9), and the syngas outlet (1301) of waste heat boiler (10) is connected to follow-up equipment by synthetic gas transfer lime (14).
Above-mentioned fluidized-bed gasifying coal by using plasma equipment is based on following technological design:
Fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is designed to three sections mode of operation, is the upper, middle and lower layout: epimere is suspension preheating section (1-IV), plays a part to make raw materials evaporate to go out water vapor and heating raw; The stage casing is turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), plays raw material and continues decomposes effusion pyrolysis gas; Hypomere bubbling gasification section (1-II) plays coke and is gasified totally and generates synthetic gas and slag.Plasma torch is arranged on bubbling gasification section (1-II), as the working gas of plasma torch, makes water vapor with water vapor more than plasma torch internal heating to 4000 ℃, decomposes to generate H
*, O
*, H
2 *, HO
*, O
2 *Behind the activity chemistry thing, inject directly on the coke of bubbling gasification section (1-II), carry out following reaction:
C(s)+4H
*＝CH
4+75.6kj
C(s)+2O
*＝CO
2+566kj
C(s)+2H
2 *＝CH
4+75.6kj
2C(s)+2HO
*＝2CO+H
2-131.2kj
C(s)+O
2 *＝CO
2+566kj
The activity chemistry thing of water molecules and coke carry out chemical reaction and generate CO, H
2, CO
2, CH
4, and emit heat energy, subsequently CO
2Carry out reduction reaction with coke again and generate CO, (1-II) is provided with the water vapor spray gun simultaneously in the bubbling gasification section, having water vapor to participate under the situation of reaction CH
4With water vapor or CO
2Reaction generates CO and H
2The required heat of gasification reaction is provided by the thermopositive reaction and the high-temperature plasma of activity chemistry thing and coke in the stove, wherein the thermopositive reaction of activity chemistry thing and coke accounts for about 70% of total thermal discharge, and the heat release of high-temperature plasma accounts for about 30% of total thermal discharge.Fluidized wind is taken from the gasification resultant in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1), outside stove under the graviational interaction of fluidized wind machine (4), fluidized wind is operation from bottom to top in stove, the bubbling gasification section of flowing through (1-II), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and suspension preheating section (1-IV), draw outside the stove by the top outlet of suspension preheating section (1-IV) again, return the interior air compartment (1-I) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) by fluidisation airduct (3) and fluidisation blower fan (4) then, enter bubbling gasification section (1-II) by the blast cap (110) on the air distribution plate (109) again, carry out circular flow, fluidized wind is the double as thermophore also, the thermal energy transfer of bubbling gasification section (1-II) to turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and suspension preheating section (1-IV).Coal dust or coal water slurry spray into the interior suspension preheating section (1-IV) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) by spray gun, carry out preheating and evaporate water vapor in suspension preheating section (1-IV), the coal grain falls into turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) in the free setting mode then, roll up and down at turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and to be heated, become coke granule behind the effusion pyrolysis gas and fall into bubbling gasification section (1-II), at bubbling gasification section (1-II), coke granule moves up and down in the bubbling fluidization mode, carry out chemical reaction with the activity chemistry thing of plasma gun ejection, reach with water vapor and carry out chemical reaction, generate CO and H
2Synthetic gas, become molten slag until being gasified totally and enter the water seal slag bath.The pyrolysis gas that generates at turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) mixes with fluidized wind, enter into suspension preheating section (1-IV), the water vapor that generates with suspension preheating section (1-IV) mixes again, draw outside the stove through the outlet of the top of suspension preheating section (1-IV), then by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5) enter the sub-air chamber (803) of heat exchanger (8), enter into collection chamber (815) by heat exchanger tube (810) again, make the fluidized wind intensification of by heat exchanger tube (810) time, being heated indirectly, come out by collection chamber outlet (814) then, by pipe connecting (28), the air compartment (1-I) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) returns in the bubbling gasification section (1-II), and water vapor wherein and coke carry out chemical reaction and generate CO and H
2, coal smoke, gaseous state tar, C in the pyrolysis gas
mH
n, CH
4React generation CO and H with water vapor
2oThe synthetic gas that generates in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is come out by the syngas outlet on bubbling gasification section (1-II) top, entering gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29) separates, isolated charcoal ash returns the bubbling gasification section (1-II) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) and carries out gasification process, isolated synthetic gas enters into the heat exchange chamber (809) of heat exchanger (8), give the heat indirect exchange heat exchanger tube (810) interior fluidized wind, come out by heat exchange chamber (809) then, after the cooling of waste heat boiler recovery heat, carry out dedusting again, desulfurizing and purifying is handled, send into the synthetic gas basin, as the unstripped gas utilization of producing methyl alcohol or dme, or as the utilization of hydrogen feedstock gas, or as the town gas utilization.
In the above-mentioned fluidized-bed gasifying coal by using plasma technology, working pressure in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is controlled between 0～5kPa, the service temperature of suspension preheating section (1-IV) is controlled between 270～330 ℃, the service temperature of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) is controlled between 750～850 ℃, the service temperature of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is controlled between 1100～1200 ℃, and working pressure and service temperature output flow and the electric power of plasma torch and the input of water vapor by regulating synthetic gas controlled in the stove.Design by reducing in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1), make fluidized wind be designed to three sections wind speed, the mean wind speed of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is 1～2.5m/s, the wind speed of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) is 3～5m/s, the wind speed of suspension preheating section (1-IV) is 1～2m/s, and the residence time of gasified raw material in stove is greater than 15min.In present method, spray in the suspension preheating section (1-IV) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) as gasified raw material with coal dust or coal water slurry, when using coal dust as gasified raw material, the particle diameter of coal dust is 30～150 μ m, in stove, import the water vapor vaporized chemical of coal dust weight 60～85% simultaneously, 55% of water vapor vaporized chemical decomposes on the coke that is sprayed on after the activation in the bubbling gasification section (1-II) by plasma torch, and 45% of water vapor vaporized chemical is directly imported in the bubbling gasification section (1-II); When using coal water slurry as gasified raw material, the ratio of moisture is 30～40% in the coal water slurry, the particle diameter of coal is less than 50 μ m, in stove, add the water vapor vaporized chemical of coal water slurry total amount 45% simultaneously, wherein 80% of water vapor vaporized chemical addition by being sprayed on after the plasma torch decomposition activation on the coke in the bubbling gasification section (1-II), and 20% of water vapor vaporized chemical addition is directly imported in the bubbling gasification section (1-II).In this technology, use conventional operative technique coal dust or coal water slurry raw material are sprayed in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace.
A kind of fixed bed gasifying coal by using plasma equipment of the present utility model, it is characterized in that fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is made up of pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I), pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I) are in same solid of revolution furnace wall, pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I) go to upper and lower layout and directly communicate, pyrolysis section (2-II) is at epimere, gasification section (2-I) is provided with plasma torch and water vapor spray gun at hypomere on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I); On the furnace wall on pyrolysis section (2-II) top, there is pyrolysis gas outlet (204) to pick out, on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I) and pyrolysis section (2-II) combining site, there is syngas outlet (217) to pick out, on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I), has pyrolysis gas to melt down import (208) respectively and the charcoal ash melts down import (209) access; The opening for feed of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is arranged on the furnace roof; Pyrolysis gas outlet (204) on the pyrolysis section (2-II) is connected to sub-air chamber's import (801) of heat exchanger (8) by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5), and the collection chamber outlet (814) of heat exchanger (8) is melted down import (208) by the pyrolysis gas that pipe connecting (28) is connected to fixed-bed gasification furnace gasification section (2-I); Syngas outlet (217) on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I) top is connected to the synthetic gas import (603) of gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29), and the charcoal ash outlet (602) of gas-solid separator (6) is melted down import (209) by the charcoal ash that pipe connecting (27) and the grey transfer lime of charcoal (22) are connected to fixed-bed gasification furnace gasification section (2-I); The syngas outlet (601) of gas-solid separator (6) is connected to the synthetic gas import (802) of heat exchanger (8) by pipe connecting (7), the syngas outlet (805) of heat exchanger (8) is connected to the synthetic gas import (1001) of waste heat boiler by pipe connecting (9), and the syngas outlet (1301) of waste heat boiler (10) is connected to follow-up equipment by synthetic gas transfer lime (14).
In the above-mentioned fixed bed gasifying coal by using plasma equipment, the solid of revolution furnace wall of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is made of fire-resistant furnace wall (218), thermal insulation layer (219) and Steel Sheel (220), wherein between the fire-resistant furnace wall (218) of gasification section (2-I) and the thermal insulation layer (219) cooling layer (215) is arranged; Gasification section (2-I) furnace wall is designed to the back taper solid of revolution, on the back taper solid of revolution furnace wall of gasification section (2-I), many plasma torchs are set, plasma torch is multilayer ring-type layout, spout points to the axle center, the water vapor spray gun is set between the interval of plasma torch, and the water vapor spray gun is more than one at least one.Coal cinder enters into fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) by carbonic acid gas sealing gland feeding unit, the carbonic acid gas sealing gland can stop air to enter vapourizing furnace by opening for feed and stop simultaneously that synthetic gas releases outside the stove by opening for feed in the stove, and it is without hindrance to charging, carbonic acid gas sealing gland feeding unit is made up of coal hopper (3005), closed scraper plate coal conveyor (30), wherein, carbonic acid gas sealing gland (3008) is arranged in the coal hopper (3005), and going up in addition in coal hopper (3005), carbonic acid gas replenishes mouthful (3006), carbonic acid gas detects mouthful (3007); Closed scraper plate coal conveyor (30) is made of driving wheel (3002), follow-up pulley, material loading scraper plate (3001), dividing plate (3010), backhaul scraper plate (3011) and closed shell (3009), the opening for feed (3003) of closed scraper plate coal conveyor (30) is at top, scraper conveyor discharge port (3012) endways, opening for feed (3003) weighing apparatus of the discharge port of coal hopper (3005) and closed scraper plate coal conveyor connects, and scraper conveyor discharge port (3012) connects with opening for feed (201) weighing apparatus of fixed-bed gasification furnace.
Above-mentioned fixed bed gasifying coal by using plasma equipment is based on following technological design:
Fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is designed to two sections mode of operation, go to upper and lower layout, epimere is pyrolysis section (2-II), hypomere is gasification section (2-I), plasma torch is arranged on gasification section (2-I), with the working gas of water vapor as plasma torch, water vapor is heated in plasma torch more than 4000 ℃, decomposes to generate H
*, O
*, H
2 *, HO
*, O
2 *Behind the activity chemistry thing, inject directly on the coke of gasification section (2-I), carry out following reaction:
C(s)+4H
*＝CH
4+75.6kj
C(s)+2O
*＝CO
2+566kj
C(s)+2H
2 *＝CH
4+75.6kj
2C(s)+2HO
*＝2CO+H
2-131.2kj
C(s)+O
2 *＝CO
2+566kj
The activity chemistry thing of water molecules and coke carry out chemical reaction and generate CO, H
2, CO
2, CH
4, and emit heat energy, subsequently CO
2Carry out reduction reaction with coke again and generate CO, (2-I) is provided with the water vapor spray gun simultaneously in gasification section, having water vapor to participate under the situation of reaction CH
4With water vapor or CO
2Reaction generates CO and H
2The required heat of gasification reaction is provided by the thermopositive reaction and the high-temperature plasma of activity chemistry thing and coke in the stove, wherein the thermopositive reaction of activity chemistry thing and coke accounts for about 70% of total thermal discharge, and the heat release of high-temperature plasma accounts for about 30% of total thermal discharge.Coal cinder is entered in the fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) by the opening for feed of furnace roof, fill the space of gasification section (2-I) and pyrolysis section (2-II), about voidage 40%, space between coal cinder is as the gas channel of heat-carrying gas, part in the gaseous state thing that the interior gasification of gasification section (2-I) generates is as heat-carrying gas, outside stove under the graviational interaction of fluidized wind machine (4), heat-carrying gas in the stove is moved to pyrolysis section (2-II) by gasification section (2-I), the heat of gasification section (2-I) is delivered to pyrolysis section (2-II), the coal cinder of stove is gone in heating, and make the coal cinder effusion water vapor and the pyrolysis gas of pyrolysis section (2-II), become coke behind coal cinder effusion water vapor and the pyrolysis gas and enter gasification section (2-I); The water vapor that pyrolysis section (2-II) generates, pyrolysis gas mixes with heat-carrying gas, pyrolysis gas outlet (204) by pyrolysis section (2-II) top is drawn outside the stove, then by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5) enter the sub-air chamber (803) of heat exchanger (8), enter into collection chamber (815) by heat exchanger tube (810) again, make the intensification of by heat exchanger tube (810) time, being heated indirectly of heat-carrying mixed gas, come out by collection chamber outlet (814) then, in pipe connecting (28) returned the gasification section (2-I) of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2), water vapor wherein and coke carried out chemical reaction and generate CO and H
2, coal smoke, gaseous state tar, C in the pyrolysis gas
mH
n, CH
4React generation CO and H with water vapor
2Form slag behind the coke gasification in the gasification section (2-I) and enter slag bath by slag notch, water seal; Generate in the fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) with CO and H
2For the synthetic gas of main component is drawn by the syngas outlet (217) on gasification section (2-I) top, entering gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29) separates, isolated charcoal ash returns the gasification section (2-I) of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) and carries out gasification process, isolated synthetic gas enters into the heat exchange chamber (809) of heat exchanger (8), give the heat indirect exchange heat exchanger tube (810) interior heat-carrying mixed gas, draw by heat exchange chamber (809) then, after the cooling of waste heat boiler recovery heat, carry out dedusting again, desulfurizing and purifying is handled, send into the synthetic gas basin, as the unstripped gas utilization of producing methyl alcohol or dme, or as the utilization of hydrogen feedstock gas, or as the town gas utilization.
In the above-mentioned fixed bed gasifying coal by using plasma technology, working pressure in the fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is controlled between negative pressure 30Pa～malleation 500Pa, service temperature in the gasification section (2-I) is controlled between 1000～1500 ℃, service temperature in the pyrolysis section (2-II) is controlled between 300～1000 ℃, and working pressure and service temperature output flow and the electric power of plasma torch and the input of water vapor by regulating synthetic gas controlled in the stove; The coal cinder particle diameter that is input in the stove is 20～30mm, and the residence time of coal cinder in stove is greater than 45min; In stove, import the water vapor vaporized chemical of coal cinder weight 60～85% simultaneously, 55% of water vapor vaporized chemical decomposes on the coke that is sprayed on after the activation in the bubbling gasification section (1-II) by plasma torch, and 45% of water vapor vaporized chemical is directly imported in the bubbling gasification section (1-II).
In the operation process of gasifying coal by using plasma equipment of the present utility model, take a water vapor more than plasma torch internal heating to 4000 ℃, to decompose and generate H
*, O
*, H
2 *, HO
*, O
2 *Inject directly on the measure on the gasification section coke behind the activity chemistry thing, generation heat when being characterized in reacting can make the temperature of reflecting point reach more than 5500 ℃, and the room temperature of gasification section still is in 1100 ℃ of low relatively temperature ranges, thereby ash fusion point all is suitable in the coal more than 1100 ℃ makes gasified raw material, the coke granule of reflecting point is a molten slag by rapid gasification and melting, the high temperature heat of reflecting point is fluidized and distributes subsequently, can not make unreacted coke granule coking, can not make the interior temperature of stove exceed the use temperature scope of body of heater material yet; The pyritous molten slag makes steam turn to steam after falling into water seal, and water vapor enters vaporizer and has an effect as vaporized chemical, and the heat energy in the stove can not run off.The present invention adopts bubbling fluidized bed or fixed bed pattern that gasification section is reached more than 50% near the coke dutycycle at furnace wall place in gasification section, makes the activity chemistry thing of plasma gun be easy to be ejected on the coke, helps taking place above-mentioned reaction.By above-mentioned measure, the different steps of raw material in gasification all carried out in suitable fluidized state and service temperature, the raw material of different states can not mix, can make the gasification section that the energy high concentration is the highest in the need temperature and heat dissipation is maximum, then heat energy reasonably is assigned to pyrolysis section and preheating section by fluidized wind or heat-carrying gas, obtain power consumption that reduces plasma torch and the double effects that improves the material gasification rate, vaporization rate almost reaches 100%, with respect to the mode that coal dust gasifies in argon-arc plasma field, the power consumption of present method can reduce about 70%.All adopt water vapor to make vaporized chemical in the gasification, decomposite hydrogen from water molecules, the hydrogen fraction scale in the synthetic gas of coming out of the stove is increased more than 20%, carbonic acid gas reduces about 17%.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: raw material is widely used, ash fusion point all can be used as gasified raw material at the coal more than 1100 ℃, almost be suitable for all coals, the using plasma Coal Gasification Technology, vaporization rate exceeds 10% than routine techniques, hydrogen mark in the synthetic gas exceeds more than 20% than routine techniques, when the synthetic gas that generates with the gasifying coal by using plasma technology is used to produce the unstripped gas of methyl alcohol, reduces coal consumption about 40%, reducing emission of carbon dioxide about 45% than routine techniques.
Description of drawings
The utility model provides following accompanying drawing to be further described, but each accompanying drawing and following embodiment all do not constitute restriction of the present utility model:
Fig. 1 is a kind of fluidized-bed gasifying coal by using plasma system device structure iron of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
The B-B sectional view of Fig. 1 of Fig. 3;
Fig. 4 is a kind of fixed bed gasifying coal by using plasma system device structure iron of the present utility model.
Among the figure: 1. fluidized-bed gasification furnace, 2. fixed-bed gasification furnace, 3. fluidisation airduct, 4. fluidisation blower fan, 5. fluidisation airduct, 6. gas-solid separator, 7. pipe connecting, 8. heat exchanger, 9. pipe connecting, 10. waste heat boiler, 11. pipe connectings, 12. valves, 13. induced draft fan, 14. synthetic gas transfer limes, 15. valves, 16. pipe connecting, 17. pipe connectings, 18. soot-blowing wind machines, 19. valve, 20. valves, 21. valves, 22. charcoal ash transfer lime, 23. pipe connectings, 24. pipe connectings, 25. valve, 26. pipe connectings, 27. pipe connectings, 28. pipe connecting, 29. pipe connectings, 30. closed scraper plate coal conveyors; 101. furnace top cover, 102. louvers keep off grey device, the outlet of 103. fluidized winds, 104. the charcoal ash melts down interface, 105. entrance of cooling water, 106. furnace foundations, 107. water seal, 108. fluidized wind imports, 109. air distribution plates, 110. blast cap, 111. slagging channels, 112. plasma torchs, 113. the water vapor spray gun, 114. plasma torchs, 115. cooling layers, 116. the cooling backwater outlet, 117. temperature sensors, 118. syngas outlet, 119. temperature sensor, 120. fire-resistant furnace wall, 121. thermal insulation layers, 122. Steel Sheels, 123. pulverized coal gun or coal water slurry spray gun, 124. temperature sensor, 125. explosive doors, 126. cooling layer lower collecting box pipes, 1-I. air compartment, 1-II. the bubbling gasification section, 1-III. turbulent flow pyrolysis section, 1-IV. suspension preheating section; 201. opening for feed, 202. explosive doors, 203. louvers keep off grey device, 204. pyrolysis gas outlet, the outlet of 205. cooling backwaters, 206. water seals, 207. slagging channel, 208. pyrolysis gas melt down import, and 209. charcoal ashes melt down import, 210. furnace foundation, 211. entrance of cooling water, 212. plasma torchs, 213. water vapor spray guns, 214. plasma torch, 215. cooling layer, 216. temperature sensors, 217. syngas outlet, 218. fire-resistant furnace wall, 219. thermal insulation layer, 220. Steel Sheels, 221. temperature sensors, 2-I. gasification section, the 2-II. pyrolysis section; 601. syngas outlet, the outlet of 602. charcoals ash, 603. synthetic gas imports; 801. sub-air chamber's import, 802. synthetic gas imports, 803. sub-air chamber, 804. upper spacer, 805. syngas outlet, 806. heat exchange chamber sidewalls, 807. thermal insulation layer, 808. shells, 809. heat exchange chambers, 810. heat exchanger tube, 811. ash discharging holes, 812. blow the ash mouth, 813. lower clapboard, 814. the collection chamber outlet, 815. collection chambers, 816. ash discharging holes; 1001. the synthetic gas import, 1002. syngas outlet; 1301. syngas outlet; 3001. the material loading scraper plate, 3002. driving wheels, 3003. opening for feeds, 3004. coal cinders, 3005. coal hopper, 3006. carbonic acid gas replenish mouth, and 3007. carbonic acid gas detect mouth, 3008. carbonic acid gas sealing glands, 3009. closed shell, 3010. dividing plates, 3011. backhaul scraper plates, 3012. scraper conveyor discharge ports.
Embodiment
Among embodiment 1 embodiment shown in Figure 1, fluidized-bed gasifying coal by using plasma system is by fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1), fluidisation blower fan (4), heat exchanger (8), gas-solid separator (6), waste heat boiler (10), soot-blowing wind machine (18) and connecting tube are formed, wherein: suspension preheating section (1-IV) is arranged in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), bubbling gasification section (1-II) and air compartment (1-I), suspension preheating section (1-IV), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), bubbling gasification section (1-II) and air compartment (1-I) are in same solid of revolution furnace wall, the solid of revolution furnace wall is by fire-resistant furnace wall (120), thermal insulation layer (121) and Steel Sheel (122) constitute, between the fire-resistant furnace wall (120) of bubbling gasification section (1-II) and thermal insulation layer (121), cooling layer (115) is arranged, fire-resistant furnace wall (120) is built by laying bricks or stones with alumina firebrick or luminite cement concrete placement, thermal insulation layer (121) is selected the aluminosilicate refractory fiber material for use, cooling layer (115) is by straight steel pipe, last circular arc header tube and following circular arc header tube constitute, connect with steel plate between the sidewall of straight steel pipe, the last end interface of straight steel pipe inserts goes up the circular arc header tube, the following end interface of straight steel pipe inserts circular arc header tube (126) down, last circular arc header tube has cooling backwater outlet (116) to pick out, following circular arc header tube has entrance of cooling water (105) to insert, logical recirculated cooling water in the steel pipe of cooling layer (115), steel pipe external application refractory mortar is filled; Sub-air chamber (803) is arranged in the cylinder of heat exchanger (8), heat exchanger tube (810), collection chamber (815) and heat exchange chamber (809), top is sub-air chamber (803), the middle part is heat exchange chamber (809), the bottom is collection chamber (815), isolate with upper spacer (804) between sub-air chamber (803) and the heat exchange chamber (809), isolate with lower clapboard (813) between heat exchange chamber (809) and the collection chamber (815), heat exchanger tube (810) places among the heat exchange chamber (809) and through between upper spacer (804) and the lower clapboard (813), the inboard of heat exchanger tube (810) is the passage that connects between sub-air chamber (803) and the collection chamber (815), and the outside of heat exchanger tube (810) is heat exchange chamber (809); Inlet mouth (801) is arranged on the barrel of sub-air chamber (803), air outlet (814) is arranged on the barrel of collection chamber (815), the bottom of heat exchange chamber barrel (806) one sides is provided with synthetic gas import (802), ash discharging hole (811) is set below synthetic gas import (802), top at barrel (806) opposite side of heat exchange chamber is provided with syngas outlet (805), blow ash mouthful (812) in the opposite side setting of heat exchange chamber ash discharging hole (811), there are thermal insulation layer (807) and shell (808) in the cylinder outside of heat exchanger (8), during the equipment operation, sub-air chamber (803), heat exchanger tube (810) and collection chamber (815) are as the passage of fluidized wind or heat-carrying mixed gas, heat exchange chamber (809) is as the passage of synthetic gas, and the high-temperature synthesis gas in the heat exchange chamber (809) is conducted heat to fluidized wind or heat-carrying mixed gas by the interval of heat exchanger tube (810).Suspension preheating section (1-IV) in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1), present between turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and the bubbling gasification section (1-II), in, following layout and directly communicating, suspension preheating section (1-IV) is at epimere, turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) is in the stage casing, bubbling gasification section (1-II) is at hypomere, below the bubbling gasification section (1-II) air compartment (1-I), the internal diameter of suspension preheating section (1-IV) is 2.25m, highly be 4.5m, the internal diameter of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) is 1.5m, highly be 3.9m, the mean inside diameter of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is 2m, highly be 3m; Between bubbling gasification section (1-II) and the air compartment (1-I) air distribution plate (109) is arranged, there is the slag notch of blast cap (110) bubbling gasification section (1-II) to be arranged on the outer periphery of air distribution plate (109) on the air distribution plate (109), slag notch is layout in the form of a ring, slag notch is communicated to air compartment (1-I) by slagging channel (111), is water seal (107) below the air compartment (1-I); Bubbling gasification section (1-II) adopts heart-shaped design, plasma torch and water vapor spray gun are installed on the furnace wall of bubbling gasification section (1-II), plasma torch is the multilayer layout, the upper strata ring-type is provided with 8 plasma torchs, the spout of plasma torch points to the stove inner axes, middle two layers are provided with 8 plasma torchs, between the interval of middle two layers of plasma torch 7 water vapor spray guns are set, and lower floor is provided with 6 plasma torchs; Pulverized coal gun (123) is arranged on the position, middle and lower part of suspension preheating section (1-IV), and the opening for feed of pulverized coal gun (123) and coal dust feeder system weighing apparatus connect; Fluidized wind outlet (103) is arranged on the furnace wall of suspension preheating section (1-IV) top, in the ingress of fluidized wind outlet (103) louver is set and keeps off grey device (102), fluidized wind outlet (103) is connected to sub-air chamber's import (801) of heat exchanger (8) by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5), and the collection chamber of heat exchanger (8) exports (814) are connected to fluidized-bed gasification furnace air compartment (1-I) by pipe connecting (28) fluidized wind import (108); Syngas outlet (118) on the furnace wall of bubbling gasification section (1-II) top is connected to the synthetic gas import (603) of gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29), and the charcoal ash outlet (602) of gas-solid separator (6) is melted down interface (104) by the charcoal ash that pipe connecting (27) and the grey transfer lime of charcoal (22) are connected to fluidized-bed gasification furnace bubbling gasification section (1-II); The syngas outlet (601) of gas-solid separator (6) is connected to the synthetic gas import (802) of heat exchanger (8) by pipe connecting (7), the syngas outlet (805) of heat exchanger (8) is connected to the synthetic gas import (1001) of waste heat boiler (10) by pipe connecting (9), and the syngas outlet (1301) of waste heat boiler (10) is connected to follow-up equipment by synthetic gas transfer lime (14); The ash discharging hole of heat exchanger (811) is connected to charcoal ash transfer lime (22) by pipe connecting (24), valve (25) and pipe connecting (26); At charcoal ash transfer lime (22) the other end soot-blowing wind machine (18) is set, heat exchange chamber blow ash mouthful (812) is connected to soot-blowing wind machine (18) air outlet one side by pipe connecting (11) and valve (12) the grey transfer lime (22) of charcoal; Collection chamber (815) at heat exchanger also has ash discharging hole (816), ash discharging hole (816) is connected to charcoal ash transfer lime (22) by valve (20) and pipe connecting (23), between the tie point of the tie point of pipe connecting (23) and pipe connecting (11), valve (21) is arranged, during the equipment operation, the charcoal ash of heat exchange chamber (809) drains into charcoal ash transfer lime (22) by ash discharging hole (811), pipe connecting (24), valve (25) and pipe connecting (26), returns in the vapourizing furnace by charcoal ash transfer lime (22) again; The soot-blowing wind of soot-blowing wind machine (18) air outlet is respectively charcoal ash transfer lime (22) ash discharge and is heat exchange chamber (809) ash discharge by the switching between valve (12) and the valve (21), and soot-blowing wind is taken from the synthetic gas in the synthetic gas transfer lime (14); The entrance of cooling water (105) of cooling layer (115) the lower collecting box pipe of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is connected to the water supply network of water coolant, and the backwater outlet (116) of cooling layer (115) upper header pipe is connected to the steam water interface interface (not shown) of waste heat boiler.Plasma torch is non-transferred arc mode, working gas interface, coolant interface and power interface (not shown) are arranged on the plasma torch, the working gas interface of plasma torch is connected to by control valve and gas pipeline on the steam pipe system of waste heat boiler, adopts silica tube or vitrified pipe to do insulation at the gas pipeline near one section 50cm length of plasma torch and isolates (not shown); The refrigerant of plasma torch adopts distilled water or transformer oil, coolant inlet arrives the coolant feed pump outlet by pipe connection, the refrigerant of plasma torch returns outlet and arrives heat abstractor by pipe connection, adopt silica tube or vitrified pipe to do insulation at the main coolant pipe near one section 50cm length of plasma torch and isolate (not shown), the power interface of plasma torch is connected to plasma electrically source controller (not shown); The steam input interface of water vapor spray gun is connected to (not shown) on the steam pipe system of boiler by control valve.Temperature sensor (117) is installed on the furnace wall of bubbling gasification section (1-II), temperature sensor (119) is installed on the furnace wall of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), temperature sensor (124) is installed on the furnace wall of suspension preheating section (1-IV), also has explosive door (125) on the top furnace wall of suspension preheating section (1-IV).
The above embodiments 1 are when operation, with coal dust as gasified raw material, the particle diameter of coal dust is 30～150 μ m, in stove, import the water vapor vaporized chemical of coal dust weight 60～85% simultaneously, 55% of water vapor vaporized chemical decomposes on the coke that is sprayed on after the activation in the bubbling gasification section (1-II) by plasma torch, 27% of water vapor vaporized chemical is directly imported in the bubbling gasification section (1-II) by the water vapor spray gun, and 18% of water vapor vaporized chemical is produced, directly imports in the bubbling gasification section (1-II) with fluidized wind in the heat release of water seal slag bath by slag; The required heat of gasification reaction is provided by the thermopositive reaction and the high-temperature plasma of activity chemistry thing and coal in the stove, fluidized wind is taken from the gasification resultant in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1), outside stove under the graviational interaction of fluidized wind machine (4), fluidized wind is operation from bottom to top in stove, the bubbling gasification section of flowing through (1-II), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and suspension preheating section (1-IV), draw outside the stove by the top outlet of suspension preheating section (1-IV) again, return the interior air compartment (1-I) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) by the outer device of stove then, enter bubbling gasification section (1-II) by the blast cap (110) on the air distribution plate (109) again, carry out circular flow, fluidized wind is the double as thermophore also, the thermal energy transfer of bubbling gasification section (1-II) to turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and suspension preheating section (1-IV).Coal dust or coal water slurry spray into the interior suspension preheating section (1-IV) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) by spray gun, carry out preheating and evaporate water vapor in suspension preheating section (1-IV), the coal grain falls into turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) in the free setting mode then, roll up and down at turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and to be heated, become coke granule behind the effusion pyrolysis gas and fall into bubbling gasification section (1-II), at bubbling gasification section (1-II), coke granule moves up and down in the bubbling fluidization mode, water vapor more than plasma torch internal heating to 4000 ℃, is decomposed and generates H
*, O
*, H
2 *, HO
*, O
2 *Behind the activity chemistry thing, inject directly on the interior coke of stove H
*, O
*, H
2 *, HO
*, O
2 *Carry out chemical reaction with coke, generate CO and H
2Synthetic gas, simultaneously water vapor is sprayed into bubbling gasification section (1-II) by the water vapor spray gun, make water vapor and coke gasification reaction generation CO and H
2Synthetic gas, water vapor and CH
4Reaction generates CO and H
2Synthetic gas, being gasified totally until coke becomes molten slag and enters the water seal slag bath, the water vapor that slag produces in the heat release of water seal slag bath enters bubbling gasification section (1-II) with fluidized wind and does the vaporized chemical utilization; The pyrolysis gas that generates at turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) mixes with fluidized wind, enter into suspension preheating section (1-IV), the water vapor that generates with suspension preheating section (1-IV) mixes again, draw outside the stove through the outlet of the top of suspension preheating section (1-IV), then by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5) enter the sub-air chamber (803) of heat exchanger (8), enter into collection chamber (815) by heat exchanger tube (810) again, make the fluidized wind intensification of by heat exchanger tube (810) time, being heated indirectly, come out by collection chamber outlet (814) then, by pipe connecting (28), the stove air compartment (1-I) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) returns bubbling gasification section (1-II), in bubbling gasification section (1-II), water vapor wherein and coke carry out chemical reaction and generate CO and H
2, coal smoke, gaseous state tar, C in the pyrolysis gas
mH
n, CH
4React generation CO and H with water vapor
2Synthetic gas; The synthetic gas that generates in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is come out by the top of bubbling gasification section (1-II), entering gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29) separates, isolated charcoal ash returns the bubbling gasification section (1-II) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) and carries out gasification process, isolated synthetic gas enters into the heat exchange chamber (809) of heat exchanger (8), give the heat indirect exchange heat exchanger tube (810) interior fluidized wind, come out by heat exchange chamber (809) then, after the cooling of waste heat boiler recovery heat, carry out dedusting again, desulfurizing and purifying is handled, send into the synthetic gas basin, as the unstripped gas utilization of producing methyl alcohol or dme, or as the utilization of hydrogen feedstock gas, or as the town gas utilization.Above-mentioned in service, working pressure in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is controlled between 0～5kPa, the service temperature of suspension preheating section (1-IV) is controlled between 270～330 ℃, the service temperature of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) is controlled between 750～850 ℃, the service temperature of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is controlled between 1100～1200 ℃, the mean wind speed of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is 1～2.5m/s, the wind speed of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) is 3～5m/s, the wind speed of suspension preheating section (1-IV) is 1～2m/s, makes the residence time of raw material in stove greater than 15min; Working pressure and service temperature output flow and the electric power of plasma torch and the input of water vapor by regulating synthetic gas controlled in the stove.
In the above embodiments 1, when using coal water slurry as gasified raw material, the ratio of moisture is 30～40% in the coal water slurry, the particle diameter of coal is less than 50 μ m, in stove, add the water vapor vaporized chemical of coal water slurry total amount 45% simultaneously, wherein 80% of water vapor vaporized chemical addition by being sprayed on after the plasma torch decomposition activation on the coke in the bubbling gasification section (1-II), and 20% of water vapor vaporized chemical addition is directly imported in the bubbling gasification section (1-II).
Among embodiment 2 embodiment shown in Figure 4, fixed bed gasifying coal by using plasma system is by fixed-bed gasification furnace (2), fluidisation blower fan (4), heat exchanger (8), gas-solid separator (6), waste heat boiler (10), soot-blowing wind machine (18) and connecting tube are formed, wherein: pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I) are arranged in the fixed-bed gasification furnace (2), pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I) are in same solid of revolution furnace wall, the solid of revolution furnace wall is by fire-resistant furnace wall (218), thermal insulation layer (219) and Steel Sheel (220) constitute, wherein between the fire-resistant furnace wall (218) of gasification section (2-I) and the thermal insulation layer (219) cooling layer (215) is arranged, pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I) are presented, following layout and directly communicating, pyrolysis section (2-II) is at epimere, gasification section (2-I) is at hypomere, the internal diameter of vapourizing furnace is 1.25m, and interior outage degree is 9m; Gasification section (2-I) furnace wall is designed to the back taper solid of revolution, on the back taper solid of revolution furnace wall of gasification section (2-I), 20 plasma torchs are set, plasma torch is multilayer ring-type layout, and spout points to the axle center, and 7 water vapor spray guns are set between the interval of plasma torch; On the furnace wall on pyrolysis section (2-II) top, there is pyrolysis gas outlet (204) to pick out, on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I) and pyrolysis section (2-II) combining site, there is syngas outlet (217) to pick out, on the furnace wall of the position, middle and lower part of gasification section (2-I), has pyrolysis gas to melt down import (208) respectively and the charcoal ash melts down import (209) access; The opening for feed of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is arranged on the furnace roof; The top of pyrolysis section (2-II) has pyrolysis gas outlet (204) to pick out, in the ingress of pyrolysis gas outlet (204) louver is set and keeps off grey device (203), pyrolysis gas outlet (204) is connected to sub-air chamber's import (801) of heat exchanger (8) by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5), and the collection chamber outlet (814) of heat exchanger (8) is melted down import (208) by the pyrolysis gas that pipe connecting (28) is connected to fixed-bed gasification furnace gasification section (2-I); Syngas outlet (217) on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I) top is connected to the synthetic gas import (603) of gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29), and the charcoal ash outlet (602) of gas-solid separator (6) is melted down import (209) by the charcoal ash that pipe connecting (27) and the grey transfer lime of charcoal (22) are connected to fixed-bed gasification furnace gasification section (2-I); The syngas outlet (601) of gas-solid separator (6) is connected to the synthetic gas import (802) of heat exchanger (8) by pipe connecting (7), the syngas outlet (805) of heat exchanger (8) is connected to the synthetic gas import (1001) of waste heat boiler by pipe connecting (9), and the syngas outlet (1301) of waste heat boiler (10) is connected to follow-up equipment by synthetic gas transfer lime (14).Coal cinder enters into fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) by carbonic acid gas sealing gland feeding unit, carbonic acid gas sealing gland feeding unit is made up of coal hopper (3005), closed scraper plate coal conveyor (30), wherein, carbonic acid gas sealing gland (3008) is arranged in the coal hopper (3005), and going up in addition in coal hopper (3005), carbonic acid gas replenishes mouthful (3006), carbonic acid gas detects mouthful (3007); Closed scraper plate coal conveyor (30) is made of driving wheel (3002), follow-up pulley, material loading scraper plate (3001), dividing plate (3010), backhaul scraper plate (3011) and closed shell (3009), opening for feed (3003) top of closed scraper plate coal conveyor (30), scraper conveyor discharge port (3012) endways, opening for feed (3003) weighing apparatus of the discharge port of coal hopper (3005) and closed scraper plate coal conveyor (30) connects, and scraper conveyor discharge port (3012) connects with opening for feed (201) weighing apparatus of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2).The structure of the structure of the materials for wall of vapourizing furnace, gasification section body of wall internal cooling layer and mode of connection, heat exchanger (8) and the mode of connection of mode of connection, plasma torch and water vapor spray gun are all identical with the 1st embodiment, no longer describe here.
The above embodiments 2 are when operation, coal crusher to particle diameter is 20～30mm, enter in the vapourizing furnace by the top of carbonic acid gas sealing gland feeding unit from fixed-bed gasification furnace (2), fill the space of gasification section (2-I) and pyrolysis section (2-II), the required heat of gasification reaction is provided by the thermopositive reaction and the high-temperature plasma of activity chemistry thing and coal in the stove, part in the gaseous state thing that the interior gasification of gasification section (2-I) generates is as heat-carrying gas, outside stove under the graviational interaction of fluidized wind machine (4), heat-carrying gas in the stove is moved to pyrolysis section (2-II) by the space between coal cinder by gasification section (2-I), the heat of gasification section (2-I) is delivered to pyrolysis section (2-II), the coal cinder of stove is gone in heating, and make the coal cinder effusion water vapor and the pyrolysis gas of pyrolysis section, become coke behind coal cinder effusion water vapor and the pyrolysis gas and enter gasification section (2-I); Water vapor is heated in plasma torch more than 4000 ℃, decomposes generation H
*, O
*, H
2 *, HO
*, O
2 *Behind the activity chemistry thing, inject directly on the coke, carry out chemical reaction with coke and generate CO, H
2, CO
2, CH
4Synthetic gas, and emit heat energy, subsequently CO
2Carry out reduction reaction with coke again and generate CO, simultaneously water vapor is sprayed into gasification section (2-I) by the water vapor spray gun, having water vapor to participate under the situation of reaction CH
4With water vapor or CO
2Reaction generates CO and H
2Synthetic gas, form slag behind the coke gasification and enter slag bath by slag notch, water seal; Water vapor in pyrolysis section (2-II) generation, pyrolysis gas mixes with heat-carrying gas, pyrolysis gas outlet (204) by pyrolysis section (2-II) top is drawn outside the stove, then by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5) enter the sub-air chamber (803) of heat exchanger (8), enter into collection chamber (815) by heat exchanger tube (810) again, make the intensification of by heat exchanger tube (810) time, being heated indirectly of heat-carrying mixed gas, come out by collection chamber outlet (814) then, in pipe connecting (28) returned the gasification section (2-I) of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2), water vapor wherein and coke carried out chemical reaction and generate CO and H
2Synthetic gas, coal smoke, gaseous state tar, C in the pyrolysis gas
mH
n, CH
4React generation CO and H with water vapor
2Synthetic gas; Generate in the vapourizing furnace with CO and H
2For the synthetic gas of main component is drawn by the syngas outlet (217) on gasification section (2-I) top, entering gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29) separates, isolated charcoal ash returns the gasification section (2-I) of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) and carries out gasification process, isolated synthetic gas enters into the heat exchange chamber (809) of heat exchanger (8), give the heat indirect exchange heat exchanger tube (810) interior heat-carrying mixed gas, draw by heat exchange chamber (809) then, after the cooling of waste heat boiler recovery heat, carry out dedusting again, desulfurizing and purifying is handled, send into the synthetic gas basin, as the unstripped gas utilization of producing methyl alcohol or dme, or as the utilization of hydrogen feedstock gas, or as the town gas utilization.Present embodiment is in operation, working pressure in the fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is controlled between negative pressure 30Pa～malleation 500Pa, service temperature in the gasification section (2-I) is controlled between 1000～1500 ℃, service temperature in the pyrolysis section (2-II) is controlled between 300～1000 ℃, and the residence time of coal cinder in stove is greater than 45min; In stove, import the water vapor vaporized chemical of coal cinder weight 60～85% simultaneously, 55% of water vapor vaporized chemical decomposes on the coke that is sprayed on after the activation in the bubbling gasification section (1-II) by plasma torch, and 45% of water vapor vaporized chemical is directly imported in the bubbling gasification section (1-II).Working pressure and service temperature output flow and the electric power of plasma torch and the input of water vapor by regulating synthetic gas controlled in the stove.
The gasification rate of the foregoing description 1 and embodiment 2 almost reaches 100%, and when selecting for use III class hard coal to be gasified raw material, the parameter of coal is: V
y=7.85%, C
y=65.65%, H
y=2.64%, O
y=3.19%, N
y=0.99%, S
y=0.51%, A
y=19.02%, W
y=8%, Q
y Dw=24426kj/kg; In the synthetic gas of coming out of the stove after the gasification per ton: CO=50535mol, H
2=66469mol, CO
2=3189mol, CH
4=984mol, N
2=354mol.The synthetic gas of coming out of the stove is again by after cooling, dedusting, desulfurizing and purifying and the conversion process, as the unstripped gas of producing methyl alcohol, coal per ton can be produced the 1100kg methanol product, when the carbonic acid gas in the waste gas is not recycled, the carbonic acid gas of discharging is about 633kg, produces methyl alcohol per ton and reduces coal consumption about 40%, reducing emission of carbon dioxide about 45% than routine techniques.
Claims (8)
1. gasifying coal by using plasma equipment, it is characterized in that fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is by suspension preheating section (1-IV), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), bubbling gasification section (1-II) and air compartment (1-I) are formed, suspension preheating section (1-IV), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), bubbling gasification section (1-II) and air compartment (1-I) are in same solid of revolution furnace wall, suspension preheating section (1-IV), present between turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) and the bubbling gasification section (1-II), in, following layout and directly communicating, suspension preheating section (1-IV) is at epimere, turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) is in the stage casing, bubbling gasification section (1-II) is at hypomere, below the bubbling gasification section (1-II) air compartment (1-I), between bubbling gasification section (1-II) and the air compartment (1-I) air distribution plate (109) is arranged, the slag notch of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is arranged on the outer periphery of air distribution plate (109), and slag notch is layout in the form of a ring; Plasma torch and water vapor spray gun are installed on the furnace wall of bubbling gasification section (1-II); On the furnace wall on the top of suspension preheating section (1-IV), there is fluidized wind outlet (103) to pick out, on the furnace wall at 1/2 following position of suspension preheating section (1-IV), pulverized coal gun or coal water slurry spray gun (123) access arranged; On the furnace wall on bubbling gasification section (1-II) top, there is syngas outlet (118) to pick out; On the furnace wall of air compartment (1-I), there is fluidized wind import (108) to insert.
2. a kind of gasifying coal by using plasma equipment according to claim 1, the bubbling gasification section (1-II) that it is characterized in that fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) adopts heart-shaped design, plasma torch on the furnace wall of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is the multilayer layout, every layer of ring-type is provided with many plasma torchs, the spout of plasma torch points to the stove inner axes, the water vapor spray gun is set between the interval of plasma torch, and the water vapor spray gun is more than one at least one; The solid of revolution furnace wall of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1) is made of fire-resistant furnace wall (120), thermal insulation layer (121) and Steel Sheel (122), wherein between the fire-resistant furnace wall (120) of bubbling gasification section (1-II) and the thermal insulation layer (121) cooling layer (115) is arranged.
3. a kind of gasifying coal by using plasma equipment according to claim 1, the internal diameter that it is characterized in that suspension preheating section (1-IV) is 1.5 times of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), the mean inside diameter of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is 1.3 times of turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III) diameter, and the aspect ratio of suspension preheating section (1-IV), turbulent flow pyrolysis section (1-III), bubbling gasification section (1-II) is 1.5: 1.3: 1.
4. a kind of gasifying coal by using plasma equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that the slag notch of bubbling gasification section (1-II) is communicated to air compartment (1-I) by slagging channel (111), is water seal (107) below the air compartment (1-I).
5. a kind of gasifying coal by using plasma equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also having fluidisation blower fan (4) at the peripherals of fluidized-bed gasification furnace (1), heat exchanger (8), gas-solid separator (6) and waste heat boiler (10), fluidized wind outlet (103) on the furnace wall of suspension preheating section (1-IV) top is by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5) are connected to sub-air chamber's import (801) of heat exchanger (8), and the collection chamber outlet (814) of heat exchanger (8) is connected to the fluidized wind import (108) of fluidized-bed gasification furnace air compartment (1-I) by pipe connecting (28); Syngas outlet (118) on the furnace wall of bubbling gasification section (1-II) top is connected to the synthetic gas import (603) of gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29), and the charcoal ash outlet (602) of gas-solid separator (6) is melted down interface (104) by the charcoal ash that pipe connecting (27) and the grey transfer lime of charcoal (22) are connected to fluidized-bed gasification furnace bubbling gasification section (1-II); The syngas outlet (601) of gas-solid separator (6) is connected to the synthetic gas import (802) of heat exchanger (8) by pipe connecting (7), the syngas outlet (805) of heat exchanger (8) is connected to the synthetic gas import (1001) of waste heat boiler (10) by pipe connecting (9), and the syngas outlet (1301) of waste heat boiler (10) is connected to follow-up equipment by synthetic gas transfer lime (14).
6. gasifying coal by using plasma equipment, it is characterized in that fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is made up of pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I), pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I) are in same solid of revolution furnace wall, pyrolysis section (2-II) and gasification section (2-I) go to upper and lower layout and directly communicate, pyrolysis section (2-II) is at epimere, gasification section (2-I) is provided with plasma torch and water vapor spray gun at hypomere on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I); On the furnace wall on pyrolysis section (2-II) top, there is pyrolysis gas outlet (204) to pick out, on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I) and pyrolysis section (2-II) combining site, there is syngas outlet (217) to pick out, on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I), has pyrolysis gas to melt down import (208) respectively and the charcoal ash melts down import (209) access; The opening for feed of fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is arranged on the furnace roof.
7. a kind of gasifying coal by using plasma equipment according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the pyrolysis gas outlet (204) on the pyrolysis section (2-II) is connected to sub-air chamber's import (801) of heat exchanger (8) by fluidisation airduct (3), fluidisation blower fan (4) and fluidisation airduct (5), the collection chamber outlet (814) of heat exchanger (8) is melted down import (208) by the pyrolysis gas that pipe connecting (28) is connected to fixed-bed gasification furnace gasification section (2-I); Syngas outlet (217) on the furnace wall of gasification section (2-I) top is connected to the synthetic gas import (603) of gas-solid separator (6) by pipe connecting (29), and the charcoal ash outlet (602) of gas-solid separator (6) is melted down import (209) by the charcoal ash that pipe connecting (27) and the grey transfer lime of charcoal (22) are connected to fixed-bed gasification furnace gasification section (2-I); The syngas outlet (601) of gas-solid separator (6) is connected to the synthetic gas import (802) of heat exchanger (8) by pipe connecting (7), the syngas outlet (805) of heat exchanger (8) is connected to the synthetic gas import (1001) of waste heat boiler by pipe connecting (9), and the syngas outlet (1301) of waste heat boiler (10) is connected to follow-up equipment by synthetic gas transfer lime (14).
8. a kind of gasifying coal by using plasma equipment according to claim 6, the solid of revolution furnace wall that it is characterized in that fixed-bed gasification furnace (2) is made of fire-resistant furnace wall (218), thermal insulation layer (219) and Steel Sheel (220), wherein between the fire-resistant furnace wall (218) of gasification section (2-I) and the thermal insulation layer (219) cooling layer (215) is arranged; Gasification section (2-I) furnace wall is designed to the back taper solid of revolution, on the back taper solid of revolution furnace wall of gasification section (2-I), many plasma torchs are set, plasma torch is multilayer ring-type layout, spout points to the axle center, the water vapor spray gun is set between the interval of plasma torch, and the water vapor spray gun is more than one at least one.
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| CN2010201296537U CN201626942U (en) | 2010-02-06 | 2010-02-06 | Plasma coal gasification equipment |
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| CN2010201296537U CN201626942U (en) | 2010-02-06 | 2010-02-06 | Plasma coal gasification equipment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101781584A (en) * | 2010-02-06 | 2010-07-21 | 周开根 | Method and equipment for gasifying coal by using plasma |
| CN104479743A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-01 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Garbage plasma gasification furnace taking vapor as gasification medium |
| CN104964308A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-07 | 无锡市特能机电有限公司 | Hot coal gas system of positive-pressure type biomass powder coal powder fluidization entrained-bed gasification furnace |
-
2010
- 2010-02-06 CN CN2010201296537U patent/CN201626942U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101781584A (en) * | 2010-02-06 | 2010-07-21 | 周开根 | Method and equipment for gasifying coal by using plasma |
| CN101781584B (en) * | 2010-02-06 | 2012-09-26 | 周开根 | Method and equipment for gasifying coal by using plasma |
| CN104479743A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-01 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Garbage plasma gasification furnace taking vapor as gasification medium |
| CN104964308A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-07 | 无锡市特能机电有限公司 | Hot coal gas system of positive-pressure type biomass powder coal powder fluidization entrained-bed gasification furnace |
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Granted publication date: 20101110 Effective date of abandoning: 20120926 |