CN103755379A - Method of preparing foamed air brick by taking iron tailings as main material - Google Patents
Method of preparing foamed air brick by taking iron tailings as main material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103755379A CN103755379A CN201410023124.1A CN201410023124A CN103755379A CN 103755379 A CN103755379 A CN 103755379A CN 201410023124 A CN201410023124 A CN 201410023124A CN 103755379 A CN103755379 A CN 103755379A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- iron tailings
- air brick
- foamed air
- brick
- foaming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method of preparing a foamed air brick by taking iron tailings as a main material. The method comprises the following steps: crushing iron tailings, clay, quick lime and a foamer and mixing the components in proportion to obtain a mixture; adding water into the mixture and uniformly stirring to obtain a foamed air brick blank; and then, sequentially drying, calcining and foaming and cooling and moulding to obtain the foamed air brick. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the iron tailings are effectively utilized, solid pollutants are reduced and the utilization efficiency of waste is improved, and meanwhile, the foamer is added to prepare the foamed air brick. The foamed air brick has the characteristics of small heat transfer coefficient, good sound isolating effect, light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and the like. The foamed air brick disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, low production cost, simple raw material proportion and production process and the like, and the product performance of the foamed air brick reaches the national standard.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of hollow brick, specifically a kind ofly take iron tailings and prepare the method for the hollow brick that foams as major ingredient, belong to building material technical field.
Two, background technology
The novel wall material that the hollow brick of take is representative, has that unit weight is light, thermal resistance is large, heat-insulation and heat-preservation, the advantage such as with low cost, is the ideal material that replaces solid brick.Hollow brick has become the first-selected product of recommending of national construction sector.And " [2011] No. 115 files of property tax method " regulation, the building material that the mining slag of take is main material production is enjoyed preferential in tax revenue.The research of hollow brick has also been obtained to a lot of achievements, can use the material hollow bricks processed such as rice hull ash, flyash, coal gangue, ore deposit waste, highly plastic clay.CN1188834A disclose a kind of with coal ash for manufacturing for the method for sintered perforated brick and hollow brick, be to take flyash and clay can reach sintered perforated brick and the hollow brick of 10.0 – 30.0Mpa as raw material production intensity.CN1263064A discloses a kind of manufacture method of mining slag hollow brick, and the mining slags such as raw material choose powder fine sand, mild clay, iron tailings, sudden strain of a muscle feldspar, by the hollow brick of the step systems such as batching, ageing, extrusion under vacuum, dry and roasting.This phosphorus slag of inventing to give up is main raw material, and two kinds of compounds of take in shale, Huangshi sand and coal gangue are auxiliary material, lower to the utilization ratio of iron tailings.CN1629093A discloses a kind of oscillation and production method, is to take natural shale as raw material, and invention provides a kind of production method simple, and the production of convenient operation is sturdy and durable, and compressive resistance is strong, the production method of the oscillation that plasticity index is 9-13.This method can be improved heat that hollow brick exists, splits, leakage and the problem such as brick body is not firm.
Steel-making and some other industry need to be exploited iron ore, and mining produces a large amount of iron tailings, and steel industry also produces a large amount of iron tailings waste residues.The accumulation of iron tailings takies a large amount of reservoirs, mountain region, farmland, has caused serious natural environmental stress, has destroyed the eubiosis.The utilization ratio that how to improve iron tailings be we the problem that will solve in a hurry.The existing technology of iron tailings of utilizing comprises by iron tailings cement processed, light heat-insulation wall material, color blank glaze archaizing brick, artificial marble, porcelain brick etc. at present.With reference to patent CN1887770 < <, take method > > that iron tailings is raw material production vitrified brick, to take a kind of material of iron tailings be raw material, invention solves take iron tailings as raw material production vitrified brick quality product problem not up to standard, and step comprises: raw material dehydration, oven dry, stirring, ageing, be squeezed into base, brick bat drying, roasting, the cooling finished product that obtains; CN101993236A < < method > > who utilizes iron tailings to prepare all-body tile has reclaimed part iron resources in iron tailings and has improved the consumption of iron tailings in all-body tile, can realize the double effects that improves resource recovery and produce high value added product; Brick body described in the manufacture method > > of a CN102875075A < < iron tailings slag brick be take iron tailings slag as main raw material, is mixed by weight proportion with rubble, cement, solidifying agent, water.The iron tailings of take can be made the brick of the standard of reaching as raw material.The preparation and property research > > of the master thesis < < fly ash base light foam porous material of Zhao Yelong has studied take working condition and the feasibility that flyash is raw material foam materials processed, and deer is known research > > that refined master thesis < < prepares sintered foam material based on iron tailings, and mainly to have studied iron tailings be parameter and the performance that raw material is fired into foam materials.Utilize the existing technology can be with iron tailings manufacture foaming hollow brick.The invention provides and a kind ofly take iron tailings and be that major ingredient produces the method for foaming hollow brick, can improve the utilization ratio of iron tailings simultaneously for building trade provides rich in natural resources.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind ofly take iron tailings and prepares the method for the hollow brick that foams as major ingredient, take iron tailings as major ingredient preparation foaming hollow brick, when guaranteeing foaming hollow brick quality, reduces its cost, improves the utilization ratio of iron tailings.
The present invention be take iron tailings and is prepared the method for the hollow brick that foams as major ingredient, it is characterized in that:
Iron tailings, clay, unslaked lime and whipping agent are pulverized and be mixed to get compound by proportional quantity, to adding water and stir in compound, obtain foaming hollow brick adobe, then after drying, calcining foaming, cooling forming, obtain the hollow brick that foams successively;
Each raw material is configured to by mass fraction:
Iron tailings 50-75 part, clay 25-40 part, unslaked lime 5-10 part, whipping agent 3-10 part, water 15-18 part.
Described whipping agent consists of sodium carbonate, flyash and perlite, and mass ratio is (0.3-0.5): 1:(1-2).
Described perlite is pearlstone.
The particle diameter of compound is 0.1-5.0mm, and in compound, the particle of particle diameter 0.1-1.0mm accounts for the 75-85% of mixture quality.
The particle diameter of whipping agent is 0.1-1.0mm.
Described dry temperature is 80-100 ℃, is dried to water ratio≤2%.
The temperature of described calcining foaming is 950-1050 ℃, and calcination time is 4-6 hour.
In raw material of the present invention, take sodium carbonate, flyash and perlite as whipping agent, take unslaked lime as active additive, sodium carbonate and unslaked lime also play the effect of fusing assistant therein in addition.
China is the big country of an iron ore production and consumption, a large amount of iron tailings of annual generation in the production process of iron ore, and the accumulation of iron tailings has occupied a large amount of mountain regions, reservoir and farmland, and huge harm has been caused in village and farmland, destroys the eubiosis.Comprehensive utilization iron tailings can be conducive to protect national natural resources, is conducive to protect the eubiosis and physical environment, is also conducive to improve the utilization ratio in mine and increase economic efficiency.
The present invention adds whipping agent to produce foaming hollow brick in iron tailings, can effectively reduce raw-material consumption, and have that quality is light, the feature such as sound insulation, heat insulation, good heat insulating, intensity are high, anticorrosive.The present invention adopts iron tailings to produce foaming hollow brick not only for utilizing iron tailings that effective approach is provided, and provides thinking for the utilization of other mine tailing.The iron tailings system of take foaming hollow brick, as building trade provides sufficient resource, can effectively promote the development of building trade.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 take iron tailings to produce the process flow sheet of foaming hollow brick as major ingredient.
Five, embodiment
The iron tailings using in the embodiment of the present invention is taken from Tongling iron ore.The mineral composition of assay iron tailings, material properties and size-grade distribution.The mineral composition of Tongling iron tailings is as follows: Fe
2o
315-28%, CaO8-15%, MgO1-4%, SiO
210-25%, Al
2o
33-11%, SO
20.2-3%, loss on ignition 7-18%.The present invention does not have special requirement to the raw material of iron tailings.To sintering kiln and also not restriction of combustion system.
The clay using in the embodiment of the present invention is the clay of Clay Ores At Lie Shan, Huaibei, anhui Province.
Embodiment 1:
58 mass parts iron tailings, 30 mass parts clays, 7 mass parts unslaked limes and 5 mass parts whipping agents are pulverized and are mixed to get compound by proportional quantity, to adding 16 mass parts water and stir in compound, obtain foaming hollow brick adobe, in 80-100 ℃, be dried to water ratio≤2%, in 1050 ℃ of calcining foaming 6 hours, after cooling forming, obtain the hollow brick that foams again.
The heating-up time that is warming up to 500-600 ℃ in calcining foaming process is 4 hours, and sulfurous iron ore and spathic iron ore decompose generation exothermic peak, produces the thermogravimetric loss of 6-8%; When temperature is warming up to 750-830 ℃, produce endothermic reaction temperature rise rate is slowed down, the time that is warming up to this temperature range is controlled at 2-3 hour.
Described whipping agent consists of sodium carbonate, flyash and pearlstone, and mass ratio is (0.3-0.5): 1:(1-2).The particle diameter of whipping agent is 0.1-1.0mm.The particle diameter of compound is 0.1-5.0mm, and in compound, the particle of particle diameter 0.1-1.0mm accounts for the 75-85% of mixture quality.
According to GB/T5101 – 2003 < < ordinary fired brick > >, GB13544-2011 < < sintered perforated brick > >, GB13545 – 2003 < < hollow bricks and hollow block > > and GB6566-2010 < < radioactive material nucleic limit the quantity of > > standard-required to preparation foaming hollow brick goods carry out ultimate compression strength, endurance quality, the detections such as radiological performance.Ultimate compression strength detected result: mean value is 11.3MPa, mean value standard>=10MPa, minimum value is 9.0MPa, minimum requirement>=8.0MPa; Density Detection result: mean value is 956kg/m
3, mean value standard 901-1000kg/m
3; Within 5 hours, boil water-intake rate detected result: mean value is 19.8%, mean value standard≤20%; Radioassay result: internal radiation index is 0.27, standard is≤1.0, and external radiation exposure index is 0.49, and standard is≤1.0, and detected result all meets above-mentioned standard.
Embodiment 2:
60 mass parts iron tailings, 28 mass parts clays, 7 mass parts unslaked limes and 5 mass parts whipping agents are pulverized and are mixed to get compound by proportional quantity, to adding 15 mass parts water and stir in compound, obtain foaming hollow brick adobe, in 80-100 ℃, be dried to water ratio≤2%, in 1050 ℃ of calcining foaming 5 hours, after cooling forming, obtain the hollow brick that foams again.Other preparation parameters are with embodiment 1.
According to GB/T5101 – 2003 < < ordinary fired brick > >, GB13544-2011 < < sintered perforated brick > >, GB13545 – 2003 < < hollow bricks and hollow block > > and GB6566-2010 < < radioactive material nucleic limit the quantity of > > standard-required to preparation foaming hollow brick goods carry out ultimate compression strength, endurance quality, the detections such as radiological performance.Ultimate compression strength detected result: mean value is 10.7MPa, mean value standard>=10MPa, minimum value is 8.9MPa, minimum requirement>=8.0MPa; Density Detection result: mean value is 947kg/m
3, mean value standard 901-1000kg/m
3; Within 5 hours, boil water-intake rate detected result: mean value is 18.8%, mean value standard≤20%; Radioassay result: internal radiation index is 0.3, standard is≤1.0, and external radiation exposure index is 0.2, and standard is≤1.0, and detected result all meets above-mentioned standard.
Embodiment 3:
62 mass parts iron tailings, 28 mass parts clays, 6 mass parts unslaked limes and 4 mass parts whipping agents are pulverized and are mixed to get compound by proportional quantity, to adding 18 mass parts water and stir in compound, obtain foaming hollow brick adobe, in 80-100 ℃, be dried to water ratio≤2%, in 1000 ℃ of calcining foaming 6 hours, after cooling forming, obtain the hollow brick that foams again.Other preparation parameters are with embodiment 1.
According to GB/T5101 – 2003 < < ordinary fired brick > >, GB13544-2011 < < sintered perforated brick > >, GB13545 – 2003 < < hollow bricks and hollow block > > and GB6566-2010 < < radioactive material nucleic limit the quantity of > > standard-required to preparation foaming hollow brick goods carry out ultimate compression strength, endurance quality, the detections such as radiological performance.Ultimate compression strength detected result: mean value is 11.0MPa, mean value standard>=10MPa, minimum value is 9.1MPa, minimum requirement>=8.0MPa; Density Detection result: mean value is 940kg/m
3, mean value standard 901-1000kg/m
3; Within 5 hours, boil water-intake rate detected result: mean value is 19.5%, mean value standard≤20%; Radioassay result: internal radiation index is 0.35, standard is≤1.0, and external radiation exposure index is 0.37, and standard is≤1.0, and detected result all meets above-mentioned standard.
Embodiment 4:
65 mass parts iron tailings, 26 mass parts clays, 5 mass parts unslaked limes and 4 mass parts whipping agents are pulverized and are mixed to get compound by proportional quantity, to adding 17 mass parts water and stir in compound, obtain foaming hollow brick adobe, in 80-100 ℃, be dried to water ratio≤2%, in 950 ℃ of calcining foaming 6 hours, after cooling forming, obtain the hollow brick that foams again.Other preparation parameters are with embodiment 1.
According to GB/T5101 – 2003 < < ordinary fired brick > >, GB13544-2011 < < sintered perforated brick > >, GB13545 – 2003 < < hollow bricks and hollow block > > and GB6566-2010 < < radioactive material nucleic limit the quantity of > > standard-required to preparation foaming hollow brick goods carry out ultimate compression strength, endurance quality, the detections such as radiological performance.Ultimate compression strength detected result: mean value is 10.9MPa, mean value standard>=10MPa, minimum value is 8.7MPa, minimum requirement>=8.0MPa; Density Detection result: mean value is 962kg/m
3, mean value standard 901-1000kg/m
3; Within 5 hours, boil water-intake rate detected result: mean value is 18.8%, mean value standard≤20%; Radioassay result: internal radiation index is 0.25, standard is≤1.0, and external radiation exposure index is 0.43, and standard is≤1.0, and detected result all meets above-mentioned standard.
Embodiment 5:
55 mass parts iron tailings, 32 mass parts clays, 7 mass parts unslaked limes and 6 mass parts whipping agents are pulverized and are mixed to get compound by proportional quantity, to adding 16 mass parts water and stir in compound, obtain foaming hollow brick adobe, in 80-100 ℃, be dried to water ratio≤2%, in 950 ℃ of calcining foaming 5 hours, after cooling forming, obtain the hollow brick that foams again.Other preparation parameters are with embodiment 1.
According to GB/T5101 – 2003 < < ordinary fired brick > >, GB13544-2011 < < sintered perforated brick > >, GB13545 – 2003 < < hollow bricks and hollow block > > and GB6566-2010 < < radioactive material nucleic limit the quantity of > > standard-required to preparation foaming hollow brick goods carry out ultimate compression strength, endurance quality, the detections such as radiological performance.Ultimate compression strength detected result: mean value is 11.3MPa, mean value standard>=10MPa, minimum value is 9.2MPa, minimum requirement>=8.0MPa; Density Detection result: mean value is 969kg/m
3, mean value standard 901-1000kg/m
3; Within 5 hours, boil water-intake rate detected result: mean value is 17.8%, mean value standard≤20%; Radioassay result: internal radiation index is 0.31, standard is≤1.0, and external radiation exposure index is 0.29, and standard is≤1.0, and detected result all meets above-mentioned standard.
Claims (7)
1. the iron tailings of take is prepared the method for the hollow brick that foams as major ingredient, it is characterized in that:
Iron tailings, clay, unslaked lime and whipping agent are pulverized and be mixed to get compound by proportional quantity, to adding water and stir in compound, obtain foaming hollow brick adobe, then after drying, calcining foaming, cooling forming, obtain the hollow brick that foams successively;
Each raw material is configured to by mass fraction:
Iron tailings 50-75 part, clay 25-40 part, unslaked lime 5-10 part, whipping agent 3-10 part, water 15-18 part.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described whipping agent consists of sodium carbonate, flyash and perlite, and mass ratio is (0.3-0.5): 1:(1-2).
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
Described perlite is pearlstone.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The particle diameter of compound is 0.1-5.0mm, and in compound, the particle of particle diameter 0.1-1.0mm accounts for the 75-85% of mixture quality.
5. according to the method described in claim 1,2,3 or 4, it is characterized in that:
The particle diameter of whipping agent is 0.1-1.0mm.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described dry temperature is 80-100 ℃, is dried to water ratio≤2%.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The temperature of described calcining foaming is 950-1050 ℃, and calcination time is 4-6 hour.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410023124.1A CN103755379B (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2014-01-17 | Method of preparing foamed air brick by taking iron tailings as main material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410023124.1A CN103755379B (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2014-01-17 | Method of preparing foamed air brick by taking iron tailings as main material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103755379A true CN103755379A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| CN103755379B CN103755379B (en) | 2015-05-27 |
Family
ID=50522744
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410023124.1A Active CN103755379B (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2014-01-17 | Method of preparing foamed air brick by taking iron tailings as main material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103755379B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104817313A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-05 | 柳河济广建材有限责任公司 | Iron ore tailing powder sintered permeable square brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN104944922A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-30 | 平泉县莱蒂建材有限公司 | Fired brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN106810158A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-09 | 包宗义 | It is non-burning brick that special soil body stabilizing agent recycling treatment iron tailings is manufactured |
| CN108727060A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-02 | 武汉科技大学 | Iron tailing sintered light heat-insulation wall material and preparation method |
| CN109133753A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-01-04 | 牛汶生 | A kind of building lightweight brick of the particle containing gold tailings and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101412597A (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2009-04-22 | 大连理工大学 | Method for preparing sintered foamed brick from iron tailings by normal temperature foaming |
| CN102826868A (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2012-12-19 | 中南大学 | Foaming agent for tailing sintering perforated brick and application thereof |
-
2014
- 2014-01-17 CN CN201410023124.1A patent/CN103755379B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101412597A (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2009-04-22 | 大连理工大学 | Method for preparing sintered foamed brick from iron tailings by normal temperature foaming |
| CN102826868A (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2012-12-19 | 中南大学 | Foaming agent for tailing sintering perforated brick and application thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104817313A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-05 | 柳河济广建材有限责任公司 | Iron ore tailing powder sintered permeable square brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN104944922A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-30 | 平泉县莱蒂建材有限公司 | Fired brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN106810158A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-09 | 包宗义 | It is non-burning brick that special soil body stabilizing agent recycling treatment iron tailings is manufactured |
| CN109133753A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-01-04 | 牛汶生 | A kind of building lightweight brick of the particle containing gold tailings and preparation method thereof |
| CN108727060A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-02 | 武汉科技大学 | Iron tailing sintered light heat-insulation wall material and preparation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103755379B (en) | 2015-05-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103204698B (en) | Method for preparing environment-friendly water permeable bricks by using iron tailings | |
| CN103145354B (en) | Compound tailings solidifying agent of a kind of no first-hand datum and its preparation method and application | |
| CN104072189B (en) | The method of light porous agglomerated material is manufactured with red mud and plant residue | |
| CN107098683B (en) | Sintered coal gangue heat-insulating brick and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104446628A (en) | Method for preparing light thermal-insulating wall material by virtue of coal gangue | |
| CN106631122B (en) | Sintered coal ash expanded perlite water-permeable brick and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105565850A (en) | Micropore light weight silica brick and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104909799A (en) | Lightweight high-strength ceramsite and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102531668B (en) | Phosphogypsum-carbide slag system aerated concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103755379B (en) | Method of preparing foamed air brick by taking iron tailings as main material | |
| CN102417368A (en) | Foam ceramic manufactured by high-silicon iron tailings and manufacture method thereof | |
| CN103030372A (en) | Bayer process red mud and gangue porous sintered brick and production method thereof | |
| CN104496536A (en) | Silica sand tailings and coal gangue-based foamed ceramic and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101481250B (en) | Preparation of light forsterite raw material | |
| CN102584321A (en) | Lightweight porous heat insulation material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104944922A (en) | Fired brick and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109095887A (en) | A kind of ultralight foamed ceramic thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104478329B (en) | Preparation method for producing autoclaved aerated concrete block by using antimony ore tailing | |
| CN103319150A (en) | High-doping ratio red mud sintered brick and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102515828B (en) | Porous heat-insulation material prepared utilizing iron ore surrounding rock and iron tailings and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101723595A (en) | Ceramic foam glass product and manufacturing technology thereof | |
| CN104529503A (en) | Process for production of microcrystalline foaming fiberproof thermal insulation material from sedimentary sandstone | |
| CN102838377A (en) | Light-weight closed-pore ceramic heat insulating board | |
| CN104496433B (en) | It is a kind of using Tungsten tailing as high-strength ceramic of primary raw material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104609837B (en) | Method of producing haydite for thermal insulation block by utilizing steel slag quenched with wind |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |